Welsh-born actress who demonstrated her versatility in a wide range of films, most notably the musical Chicago (2002), for which she won the Academy Award for best ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Calais and Zetes") in Greek mythology, the winged twin sons of Boreas and Oreithyia. On their arrival with the Argonauts at Salmydessus in Thrace, they liberated their sister Cleopatra, who had been thrown ...
(from the article "Amphion and Zethus") in Greek mythology, the twin sons of Zeus by Antiope. When children, they were left to die on Mount Cithaeron but were found and brought up by a shepherd. Amphion ...
nee Eissner German feminist, Socialist, and Communist leader, who after World War I played a leading role in the new Communist Party of Germany (Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands; KPD) and the ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "stadium") ...was built in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, and called the Metrodome. Such cable systems can span large distances; a concept for a 200,000-capacity, covered baseball stadium was developed by Lev Zetlin, ...
(from the article "Cologne") ...and the Town Hall, with its 16th-century porch. The Gurzenich, or Banquet Hall, of the merchants of the city (1441-47), reconstructed as a concert and festival hall, and the 16th-century ...
(from the article "ancient Greek civilization") ...action-filled phase, rather than as a single event. After all, the Areopagus was affected indirectly by the changes in the archonship in 487, though the archonship was formally opened to ...
(from the article "gastropod") ...or proboscis (feeding organ); nervous system not concentrated; sex cells discharged by way of the right nephridium (kidney); about 3,000 species.Slit shells (Pleurotomariidae) in deep ocean waters; abalones ...
in ancient Greek religion, chief deity of the pantheon, a sky and weather god who was identical with the Roman god Jupiter. His name clearly comes from that of the ... [48 Related Articles]
(from the article "architecture") Shelter is not always required for worship. Primitive rites are often practiced outdoors with some monument as a focus, while the altar of Pergamum and the Ara Pacis Augustae (Augustan ...
(from the article "Naxos") island, the largest of the Greek Cyclades islands in the Aegean Sea. The island's highest point is Mount Zeus (Zia Oros), which is about 3,290 feet (1,003 m) in elevation. ...
at Olympia, Greece, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The statue was one of two masterpieces by the Greek sculptor Phidias (the other being the statue of Athena ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Western architecture") The only significant architectural work of the early Classical period was at Olympia, where a great Temple of Zeus was built in about 460. This temple was the first statement ...
(from the article "atlas") The earliest known examples of true atlantes occur on a colossal scale in the Greek temple of Zeus (c. 500 BC) at Agrigentum (Agrigento), Sicily. Atlantes were used only rarely ...
(from the article "jewel orchid") any member of several closely related genera of orchids (family Orchidaceae) that are cultivated as ornamentals because of their striking leaf patterns.
American singer-songwriter (b. Jan. 24, 1947, Chicago, Ill.-d. Sept. 7, 2003, Los Angeles, Calif.), was critically acclaimed and much admired by other songwriters despite having had only one major hit, ...
Egyptian-born chemist who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1999 for developing a rapid laser technique that enabled scientists to study the action of atoms during chemical reactions. The ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Amur River") ...Range on the Siberian-Mongolian border. The Argun rises in Inner Mongolia, about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) from its confluence with the Shilka. The Amur's most important tributaries include the Zeya, ...
(from the article "Amur River") The middle Amur flows into the Zeya-Bureya Depression. The left bank rises gradually to the plain of the depression, while the right slope-steep and high-borders the Xiao Hinggan (Lesser Khingan) ...
(927-c. 1090), Iranian dynasty that ruled in the Caspian provinces of Gurgan and Mazandaran. The founder of the dynasty was Mardaviz ebn Zeyar (reigned 927-935), who took advantage of a ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "African music") ...in East African music until the recent introduction of the time-line patterns of Congolese electric guitar-based music. With the intensifying ivory and slave trades during the 19th century, the zeze ...
(from the article "wind instrument") ...immediate origin was also Etruscan. Its inspiration, visible in its earliest examples, was a simple hollow cane with a cow horn for a bell. Similar instruments are also found in ...
(from the article "Mongolian literature") In the early 20th century T. Zhamtsarano, a Russian-educated Buryat writer and intellectual, founded the short-lived Mongolian newspaper Shine toli ("The New Mirror"); he also translated the ...
an old Chinese measure of length equal to 10 chi, or 3.58 metres (11 feet 9 inches). The value was agreed upon by China in treaties (1842-44 ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Chinese jade") ...flat, half-ring pendant), the han (ornaments, often carved in the shape of a cicada, to be placed in the mouth of the dead), and the
Chinese general (b. 1910, Da county, Sichuan, China-d. July 5, 2003, Beijing, China), was a key player in modernizing China's armed forces. During World War II he commanded communist troops ...
Chinese Roman Catholic cleric (b. Feb. 14, 1915, Zhangjiatai, Hubei province, China-d. Oct. 12, 2005, Beijing, China), was an influential leader of the Catholic community in China. Not formally recognized ...
(from the article "Wuhou") In the last years of her life, from 699, the empress gave her favour to the Zhang brothers, artistic but depraved courtiers who engaged her affection by elaborate entertainments and ...
Chinese government official (b. 1917, Juye, China-d. April 21, 2005, Shanghai, China), played a leading role in the Cultural Revolution (1966-76), which cost thousands of lives and forced millions into ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "China") ...against institutional corruption, which many feared had begun to erode governmental authority. A spate of financial scandals led to a crackdown on corruption in banking and other industries. Zhang Enzhao, ...
founding member and leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the late 1920s and '30s. After briefly contesting the leadership of the party with Mao Zedong in 1935 (the ... [1 Related Articles]
Chinese diplomat and tutor provided private English lessons to Chairman Mao Zedong in 1963 but fell out of favour during the early years of the Cultural Revolution, when she was ...
In 2007 Chinese artist Zhang Huan rode a wave of enormous interest in contemporary Chinese art, becoming the subject of five major solo shows-two in Berlin, and one each in ...
(from the article "Badminton") ...and defended the title that they had won at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, Australia. In the women's doubles competition, the world's best teams, both from China, met in the ...
(from the article "Yellow Turbans") Chinese secret society whose members' uprising, the Yellow Turban Rebellion (184-c. 204 CE), contributed to the fall of the Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE). Led by Zhang Jue, a Daoist ...
(from the article "Badminton") ...the gold medal. The dominant mixed doubles team of the previous two years, Kim Dong Moon and Ra Kyung Min of South Korea, were also victims of an unexpected early ...
powerful Chinese minister during the years of the reign (1566/67-72) of the emperor Muzong (reign title Longqing) and the first decade of the reign (1572-1620) of the emperor Shenzong (reign ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Five Pecks of Rice") ...that clients paid him either for their cure or as dues of the cult. Zhang was succeeded as tianshi ("celestial master") by his son Zhang Heng, who was in turn ...
(from the article "Badminton") ...held in Birmingham in March. In the men's singles final, Chen Hong defeated the top seed, defending champion Lin Dan. The women's events also featured all-Chinese finals as Xie Xingfang ...
Chinese explorer, the first man to bring back a reliable account of the lands of Central Asia to the court of China. He was dispatched by the Han dynasty emperor ...
(from the article "Gan River") ...tributaries of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang). Its headwaters rise in Guangdong province, where the Dayu Mountains divide southwestern Jiangxi from Guangdong. This upper stream is called the Zhang River. ...
(from the article "Hongwu") Zhu now emerged as the national leader against the Mongols, though he had other rivals for power. Chief among them were Chen Youliang and Zhang Shicheng. Chen Youliang was the ...
Chinese rebel leader at the close of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). Following a disastrous famine in the northern province of Shaanxi in 1628, Zhang became the leader of a gang ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Five Pecks of Rice") ...established free wayside inns for travelers, dealt leniently with criminals, and promoted the spread of the Daoist religion. In developing this state, Zhang Lu was joined by another Daoist leader, ...
(from the article "Zhou Fang") with the older Zhang Xuan, one of the two most famous figure painters of the Tang dynasty (618-907).influenced by style of Yen Li-pen
Chinese warlord who, together with Yang Hucheng, in the Xi'an Incident (1936), compelled the Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) to form a wartime alliance with the Chinese communists against ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "China") Duan and his supporters demanded that China enter the war and that Li dissolve parliament. On May 23, Li dismissed Duan and called on Gen. Zhang Xun (Chang Hsun), a ...
Young Chinese film actress Zhang Ziyi continued her rise to international stardom in 2005 with her leading role in the epic romance Memoirs of a Geisha, the motion-picture adaptation of ... [1 Related Articles]
Chinese soldier and later a warlord who dominated Manchuria (now Northeast China) and parts of North China between 1913 and 1928. He maintained his power with the tacit support of ... [8 Related Articles]
posthumous name (shi) of an emperor (reigned AD 75-88) of the Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 220), whose reign marked the beginning of the dissipation of Han rule. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "China") To the southeast of the Northeast Plain is a series of ranges comprising the Changbai, Zhangguangcai, and Wanda mountains, which in Chinese are collectively known as the Changbai Shan, or ...
city, north-central Jiangxi sheng (province), southeastern China. It lies along the Gan River some 47 miles (75 km) southwest of Nanchang, the provincial capital.
city, southeastern Fujian sheng (province), China. The city is situated on the north bank of the Xi River, some 25 mi (40 km) upstream from Xiamen (Amoy) ...
city and major port, southwestern Guangdong sheng (province), China. It is located on Zhanjiang Bay on the eastern side of the Leizhou Peninsula, where it is protected ... [2 Related Articles]
ancient Chinese feudal state, one of the seven powers that achieved ascendancy during the Warring States (Zhanguo) period (475-221 BCE) of Chinese history. In 403 BCE Zhao Ji, the founder ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Confucianism") ...in the Southern Song, the Jin scholar-officials continued the classical, artistic, literary, and historiographic traditions of the North and developed a richly textured cultural form of their own. Zhao Bingwen's ...
Chinese eunuch who conspired to seize power on the death of Shihuangdi, first emperor of the Qin dynasty (221-207 BCE). His action eventually led to the downfall of the dynasty. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Ice Skating") Chinese pairs skater Zhao Hongbo knelt on the ice to propose marriage to Shen Xue, his skating partner of 15 years, after their gold-medal performance at the worlds, but Shen ...
Chinese painter and calligrapher who, though occasionally condemned for having served in the foreign Mongol court (Yuan dynasty, 1206-1368), has been honoured as an early master within the tradition of ... [4 Related Articles]
Chinese trade official whose two-volume work Zhufan zhi ("Description of the Barbarians") is one of the best-known and most wide-ranging accounts of foreign places and goods at ...
(from the article "calligraphy") ...until around 1350, when the rounded, fluent style of the Chinese calligrapher Zhao Mengfu, of the Yuan dynasty, was introduced and became the vogue. Since that time the
(from the article "Nam Viet") ...in 207 BC, during the breakup of the Ch'in dynasty (221-206 BC), when the Ch'in governor of Yueh (now Kwangtung and Kwangsi provinces) declared his territory independent. His son Chao ...
(from the article "Zhao Mengfu") ...simplified colour and compositions and a schematic, even childlike, rendering of forms and scale. His works often display a great variety of brushwork. Zhao's wife, Guan Daosheng, and his son, ...
Chinese astronomer, mathematician, and Daoist who calculated the value of pi, constructed astronomical instruments, conducted experiments with a camera obscura, and compiled an influential astronomical compendium.
(from the article "Chinese languages") ...it received formal backing from the government, but World War II stopped further progress.) In 1929 a National Romanization, worked out by the author and language scholar Lin Yutang, the ...
(from the article "China") ...for adequate military forces. Neither conscription nor recruitment would suffice. Because his position was militarily weak but financially strong, Gaozong adopted the zhao'an policy, which offered peace ...
(from the article "China") ...and violent fighting erupted in Chang'an in 91, and the two families were almost eliminated. A compromise was reached just before Wudi's death, whereby an infant-known by his posthumous name ...
city, western Guangdong sheng (province), China. It lies on the north bank of the Xi River, 50 miles (80 km) west of the provincial capital of Guangzhou ...
(from the article "Zhu Wen") ...there ensued a struggle for control of North China between Zhu Wen and the Turkish general Li Keyong (d. 908), who had defeated Huang Chao. Zhu Wen emerged victorious and ...
cultural policy of the Soviet Union during the Cold War period following World War II, calling for stricter government control of art and promoting an extreme anti-Western bias. Originally applied ... [3 Related Articles]
group of conservative, academic Chinese painters who worked primarily in the 15th century, during the Ming dynasty. These painters specialized in large and decorative paintings that perpetuated the styles and ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Huang Zongxi") ...of scholarly pursuit. Although his range of interests included mathematics, geography, calendrical science, literature, and philosophy, he is best known as a historian and founder of the eastern Zhejiang school, ...
(from the article "Bulgaria") ...groups had taken advantage of the country's new freedoms to organize opposition political parties. Many of these joined the Union of Democratic Forces (UDF), a coalition led by the sociologist ...
city, Kursk oblast (province), western Russia. It is located 80 miles (130 km) northwest of Kursk city and was founded in 1958 in connection with the development of the KMA ...
(from the article "Nan Mountains") ...major passes cross the range: the Xiang-Guilin, traversed by the Ling Canal, which affords an easy passage from southern Hunan to Guilin and eastern Guangxi, the chief route in early ...
Chinese plucked board zither roughly 47 inches (120 cm) long and 12 inches (30 cm) wide. Its resonator is galley-shaped, and in cross section the top is curved and the ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "China") ...potential to undermine those very important pillars of Chinese foreign relations. In November 2003, speaking to the Boao Forum-an international symposium on the global economic future-Zheng Bijian, head of the ...
admiral and diplomat who helped to extend Chinese maritime and commercial influence throughout the regions bordering the Indian Ocean. [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Zheng Chenggong") His son, Zheng Jing, used the Taiwan base to sustain the anti-Qing struggle for another 20 years. But after his death in 1681, the Zheng kingdom on Taiwan fell to ...
great historian of the Song dynasty (960-1279). He wrote the Tongzhi ("General Treatises"), a famous institutional history of China from its beginnings through the Tang dynasty (618-907). ... [1 Related Articles]
Chinese pirate leader who achieved great power in the transitional period between the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911/12) dynasties. [2 Related Articles]
Chinese ornithologist who was considered one of the greatest ornithologists in the world and the founder of modern Chinese ornithology; his A Synopsis of the Avifauna of China was published ...
