one of the major forms of Chinese drama. The style originated as a short variety play in North China during the Northern Song dynasty (960-1127), and during the Yuan dynasty ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "India") ...the Mughal governors of Lahore subah to set up an independent power base for themselves in the region. First 'Abd al-Samad Khan and then his son Zakariyya ...
(from the article "Aleppo") ...streets. Its many khans (caravan rest houses), mosques, and merchants' houses are built of limestone, with many dating from the 16th and 17th centuries. Another point of interest is the ...
an obligatory tax required of Muslims, one of the five Pillars of Islam. The zakat is levied on five categories of property-food grains; fruit; camels, cattle, sheep, and goats; gold ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "Ivan IV") ...prince of all Russia." The title tsar was derived from the Latin title "caesar" and was translated by Ivan's contemporaries as "emperor." In February 1547 Ivan married Anastasiya Romanovna, a ...
(from the article "Saint Petersburg") ...historical and cultural heritage is concentrated on the Admiralty Side. The district centres on the Admiralty. This, the nucleus of Peter's original city, was reconstructed in 1806-23 by Andreyan D. ...
(from the article "Sabbath") Sheqalim ("shekels"), occurring on or before Adar I, refers to taxes and has as its text Exodus 30:11-16. On Zakhor ("remember"), Deuteronomy 25:17-19 reminds Jews how they were attacked by ...
Egyptian actor (b. Nov. 18, 1949, Zaqaziq, Egypt-d. March 27, 2005, Cairo, Egypt), broke the unspoken colour barrier in Egyptian cinema as the first dark-skinned actor to play leading roles. ...
(from the article "Maldives") Earlier in the year, the government of Pres. Maumoon Abdul Gayoom had faced an unprecedented challenge from political dissidents led by former minister Ibrahim Hussein Zaki, who demanded greater democratization ...
(from the article "Bida") ...Nupe ("king of the Nupe people"). When the kingdom was conquered about 1806 by Fulani warriors, its central region was incorporated as the Nupe emirate in the Fulani empire. Emir ...
(from the article "Syrian and Palestinian religion") ...by cult personnel and occasionally others, delivering messages from the deity. By this means the deity disclosed his or her wishes or gave divine warnings or promises to the king. ...
(from the article "Stefan Dusan") ...of titles and ranks, and the imperial chancellery was organized on the Byzantine model, as was the uniform organization of local authorities. Dusan, moreover, considered the introduction of a law ...
city, Malopolskie wojewodztwo (province), south-central Poland. The city is situated in the Carpathian Mountains near the Slovakian border. Its location at the foot of the Alpine-like Tatra ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "The Environment") ...dead. In eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, a wildlife officer was killed when Mai Mai rebels attacked patrol posts in Virunga National Park, and three rangers were shot dead ...
(from the article "Aegean civilizations") ...architect and cryptographer Michael Ventris, working with the linguist John Chadwick, though acceptance of this is not yet universal. In 1962 a large palace, destroyed by fire about 1450 BC ...
German-born American physician who founded the New England Hospital for Women and Children and contributed greatly to women's opportunities and acceptance as medical professionals. [1 Related Articles]
megye (county), western Hungary. It is bordered by the counties of Vas to the northwest, Veszprem to the northeast, and Somogy to the east and by Croatia ...
(from the article "Balaton, Lake") ...for 48 miles (77 km) along the southern foothills of the Bakony Mountains of Hungary. At it widest point, Lake Balaton measures about 9 miles (14 km) across. Its maximum ...
city with county status and seat of Zala megye (county), western Hungary. It lies on the right bank of the Zala River. The town was of medieval ... [1 Related Articles]
town, capital of Salaj judet (county), northwestern Romania. It is located in an isolated part of the country on the northwestern slopes of the Mezes Mountains. It is the terminal ...
(from the article "El Salvador") ...by the export of indigo. Salvadorans solved this problem by means of a "coffee revolution." New lands had to be opened to cultivation, a step facilitated during the administration of ...
(from the article "Osmundaceae") ...Todea, and Leptopteris-the family contains about 20 species; 5 to 10 extinct genera date from the Late Permian Period (about 250 million years ago). Thamnopteris and Zalesskya are the earliest ...
(from the article "Alfonso VI") ...ibn Tashufin, the Almoravid (Berber) emir of North Africa, and his Saharan tribes. The emir disembarked in Algeciras at the end of July 1086 and a few months later, on ...
(from the article "Getae") ...the lower Danube region and nearby plains. First appearing in the 6th century BC, the Getae were subjected to Scythian influence and were known as expert mounted archers and devotees ...
(from the article "mathematics, philosophy of") According to Balaguer and Zalta, on the other hand, the only versions of Platonism that are tenable are those that maintain not just the existence of abstract objects but the ...
town site at the first exploited oil field in Libya. Located 105 miles (169 km) south of the Mediterranean port of Marsa al-Burayqah on the Gulf of Sidra, at the ... [1 Related Articles]
in ancient Baltic traditions, a harmless green snake highly respected as a symbol of fertility and wealth. To ensure the prosperity of family and field, a zaltys was kept in ... [1 Related Articles]
Russian writer and editor (b. Dec. 6, 1913, Durasovka, Russia-d. April 19, 2000, Moscow, Russia), was a respected Soviet novelist and the first non-Communist Party editor in chief of the ...
(from the article "Nupe") ...They speak a language of the Nupoid group in the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. The Nupe are organized into a number of closely related territorial groups, of ...
(202 BC), victory of the Romans led by Scipio Africanus the Elder over the Carthaginians commanded by Hannibal. It was the last and decisive battle of the Second Punic War. ... [5 Related Articles]
Persian-born Arabic scholar whose chief work is Al-Kashshaf 'an Haqa'iq at-Tanzil ("The Discoverer of Revealed Truths"), his exhaustive linguistic commentary on the Qur'an. [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Afghanistan") After the death of Timur in 1793, his fifth son, Zaman, seized the throne with the help of Sardar Payenda Khan, a chief of the Barakzay. Zaman then turned to ...
volcanic range in the southwestern part of northern Luzon in the Philippines. The range stretches northwest-southeast from Lingayen Gulf in the north to the Bataan Peninsula and the entrance to ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Africa") The Zambezi River is about 2,200 miles in length; it occupies a basin with an approximate area of 463,000 square miles. Originally, there were two rivers, corresponding to the upper ...
(from the article "Zambezi River") At its mouth the Zambezi splits into a wide, flat, and marshy delta obstructed by sandbars. There are two main channels, each again divided into two. The wider, eastern channel ...
river draining a large portion of south-central Africa. Together with its tributaries, it forms the fourth largest river basin of the continent. The river flows eastward for about 2,200 miles ... [12 Related Articles]
(from the article "Mozambique") ...the lands and peoples of specific areas in exchange for an obligation to develop agriculture, communications, social services, and trade. The Mozambique Company, the Niassa Company, and the Zambezia Company ...
landlocked country in south-central Africa. Zambia has a long land border on the west with Angola but is divided from its neighbours to the south by the Zambezi River. To ... [32 Related Articles]
(from the article "Kaunda, Kenneth") ...the movement's rank and file. Thus, when the leadership of the ANC clashed over strategy in 1958-59, Kaunda carried a major part of the ANC operating structure into a new ...
(from the article "Zambia") ...Africa. In 1973 management contracts under which the day-to-day operations of the mines had been carried out by Anglo American and RST were ended. In 1982 NCCM and RCM were ...
(from the article "Zambia") ...body, the Finance and Development Corporation (FINDECO). The banks successfully resisted takeover. INDECO, MINDECO, and FINDECO were brought together in 1971 under an omnibus parastatal, the Zambia Industrial and Mining ...
(from the article "Zambia") The Zambia Publishing House (formerly the Kenneth Kaunda Foundation) is a government-backed publisher of the works of Zambian authors and school textbooks. The few other publishers are mainly church-supported. Zambian ...
national flag consisting of a green field with an orange eagle and vertical stripes of red, black, and orange at the fly end. The flag's width-to-length ratio is 2 to ...
(from the article "Zambia") HistoryBritish South Africa CompanyBritish South Africa CompanyBy 1900 the company was administering both Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and Northern Rhodesia ...
(from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") The University of Zambia was opened in Lusaka in 1966, graduating its first students in 1969. In 1979 legislation was passed creating a federal university; a second campus was established ...
(from the article "Zambia") Zambian Airways Corporation operates domestic and international services. Scheduled internal service by other operators was first allowed in 1990. The main airports are at Lusaka, Ndola, and Livingstone, but there ...
(from the article "Zambia") Irrigated agriculture is increasingly important. Started in 1966, the first successful scheme was at Nakambala on the south side of the Kafue Flats, where the Zambia Sugar Company has more ...
(from the article "race") ...mulato ("mulatto") usually referred to a person of African and European descent. Labels multiplied as time went on, as with zambo (black-indigenous mix) and
city and port, western Mindanao, Philippines. It is a busy port strategically located on the southwestern tip of the Zamboanga Peninsula, on Basilan Strait and sheltered by Basilan Island. The ...
long, semicircular peninsula of western Mindanao, Philippines, extending southwesterly toward the Sulu Archipelago and Borneo. It has an area of roughly 5,600 square miles (14,500 square km). It is bordered ...
(from the article "Romanian literature") ...also dealt with the war, while other writers examined different areas of society: Ionel Teodoreanu described the disappearance of patriarchal life, Victor Popa wrote about rural subjects, G.M. Zamfirescu depicted ...
a genus of 55 species of cycads (family Zamiaceae), small, stocky, fern-like plants native to tropical and subtropical America. They have a turniplike, mostly underground stem that in some species ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "cycadophyte") ...One sperm loses its flagellature, and fusion of egg and sperm nuclei takes place. Subsequently, the zygote forms a single large embryo, other eggs meanwhile aborting. In the Florida cycad, ...
(from the article "cycadophyte") ...pinnae also have midribs, but these lack side veins altogether. Pinnae of all other cycads have dichotomously branching, more or less parallel veins. The size of the cycad leaf is ...
(from the article "cycadophyte") ...multiovulate megasporophylls arranged in an indeterminate strobilus; pinnae with a single midrib but lacking lateral, branch veins; 24 species defined.Singly pinnate compound leaves, bearing leaflets with parallel, dichotomously branching ...
in India, a holder or occupier (dar) of land (zamin). The root words were Persian, and the resulting name was widely used wherever Persian influence was spread by the Mughals ... [5 Related Articles]
town, southeastern Ecuador. Amid the forested jungles east of the main Andean ranges, the town lies at the southeastern foot of the Andean Cordillera de Zamora, just south of the ...
city, capital of Zamora provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Castile-Leon, northwestern Spain. It lies along the northern bank of the ...
provincia (province) in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Castile-Leon, northwestern Spain. It was formed in 1833 from part of the historic province of ...
city, northwestern Michoacan estado (state), west-central Mexico. It lies at an elevation of 5,141 feet (1,567 m) above sea level in the Zamora valley, formed by the ...
(from the article "Gama, Vasco da") ...across the Indian Ocean, the Ghats Mountains of India were sighted, and Calicut was reached on May 20. There da Gama erected a padrao to prove he had reached India. ...
city, Lubelskie wojewodztwo (province), eastern Poland. One of the few large communities in the Lublin Uplands, it was founded on the estates of Polish chancellor Jan Zamoyski ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Moscow") ...of Moscow after the fire of 1812-abound within the Garden Ring and the Boulevard Ring (the latter forming a rough horseshoe north of the Moscow River around the Kremlin and ...
(from the article "Zamoyski Family") The next major member of the family, Andrzej Zamoyski (1716-92), was one of the authors of a plan for general reform of the nation offered to the Sejm (Diet) in ...
(from the article "Zamoyski Family") His son Stanislaw Kostka Zamoyski (1775-1856) received the title of count. During the insurrection of 1830-31 against Russian rule Stanislaw's son, the second Andrzej Zamoyski (1800-74), was sent to Austria ...
Polish advisor to King Sigismund II Augustus and Stephen Bathory and later an opponent of Sigismund III Vasa. He was a major force in the royal politics of Poland throughout ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Zamoyski Family") Andrzej's brother Wladyslaw Zamoyski (1803-68) served as an aide-de-camp to Grand Duke Constantine, viceroy of Poland, and then took part in the 1830-31 insurrection. He later emigrated to England, where ...
(from the article "bagpipe") ...is distinguished by a tenor drone held in the chanter stock beside the chanter. Often bellows-blown and without bass drone, it is characteristically played with the hurdy-gurdy. The Italian zampogna ...
(from the article "aulos") ...instruments include the Sardinian launeddas, a triple pipe sounded by single reeds, as well as hosts of double clarinets-such as the arghul, mizmar, and zamr-that are played in the Mediterranean ...
(from the article "Tiglath-pileser III") Tiglath-pileser was thus prepared to break the stranglehold of the surrounding tribes. He first moved eastward against Zamua (modern Sulaymaniyah), then north against the Medes. Both were brought back under ...
(from the article "South American nomad") ...tribes had far-reaching consequences in the area. It is convenient to separate the Chaco tribes of historic times into foot Indians and horsemen. Among the foot Indians were such groupings ...
Russian novelist, playwright, and satirist, one of the most brilliant and cultured minds of the postrevolutionary period and the creator of a uniquely modern genre-the anti-Utopian novel. His influence as ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Turkey") ...negotiations. His task was eased when on June 9 the court of appeal in Ankara ordered the release, pending a retrial, of four Kurdish nationalist members of the parliament, including ...
(from the article "Bird Flu-The Next Human Pandemic?") ...Laboratory tests suggest that two popular antiviral drugs, amantadine (Symmetrel) and rimantadine (Flumadine), do not work against H5N1. Hopes are pinned on two others, oseltamavir (Tamiflu) and zanamavir (Relenza). The ...
Italian prime minister from 1901 to 1903 and an associate of the early-20th-century liberal leader Giovanni Giolitti; Zanardelli was a champion of parliamentary rights and followed a conciliatory policy toward ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "North Africa") At the time of the Hafsid secession, the control of the Almohads over western Algeria also had weakened, and they were no longer able to restrain the nomadic Zanatah tribes ...
(from the article "Protestant Orthodoxy") The architects of Reformed orthodoxy were Theodore Beza, Calvin's successor at Geneva, and Hieronymus Zanchius (also known as Girolamo Zanchi), professor at Neustadt an der Haardt, Ger. Beza worked to ...
the lowermost division of Pliocene rocks, representing all rocks deposited worldwide during the Zanclian Age (5.3 million to 3.6 million years ago) of the Neogene Period (the past 23 million ...
a people of central Africa who speak a language of the Adamawa-Ubangi branch of the Niger-Congo language family. Extending across the Nile-Congo drainage divide, they live partly in The Sudan, ... [11 Related Articles]
(from the article "Sudan, The") ...the traditional societies of The Sudan exhibited two types of political organization: the hierarchical systems of the Azande and Fur and the segmentary systems of the Humr Baqqarah and Otoro. ...
(from the article "pike perch") The European pike perch, or zander (Stizostedion, or Lucioperca, lucioperca; see photograph), is found in lakes and rivers of eastern, central, and (where introduced) western Europe. It is greenish or ...
(from the article "Guyana") ...(120-metre) ones on the western side. The area is between 80 and 100 miles wide and is widest in the southeast. It is covered with sands, from which it takes ...
(from the article "Olympia") ...which pierced the embankment and, in Roman times, was covered with a stone vault. This entrance was used by the athletes and the umpires. Just outside the Krypte stood bronze ...
(from the article "Lancaster") city, seat (1800) of Fairfield county, south-central Ohio, U.S., on the Hocking River, about 30 miles (50 km) southeast of Columbus. It was founded (1800) by Ebenezer Zane on land ...
city, Muskingum county, east-central Ohio, U.S., at the juncture of the Muskingum and Licking rivers (there spanned by the Y Bridge [1902]), about 50 miles (80 km) east of Columbus. ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "1995: Other Winners") ...Screenplay: Christopher McQuarrie for The Usual SuspectsAdapted Screenplay: Emma Thompson for Sense and SensibilityCinematography: John Toll for BraveheartArt Direction: Eugenio Zanetti for RestorationOriginal Dramatic Score: Luis Enrique Bacalov for The ...
(from the article "Armenia") ...farmlands, and alpine pastures; the Sevan Basin, the hollow containing Lake Sevan, on the shores of which are farmlands, villages, and towns; Vayk, essentially the basin of the Arpa River; ...
Iraqi ruler who founded the Zangid dynasty and led the first important counterattacks against the crusader kingdoms in the Middle East. [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "Salghurid Dynasty") ...ad-Din Sonqur (reigned 1148-61), who took advantage of a disturbed state in Fars to expel his reputed uncle Boz-Aba, the local atabeg. Muzaffar ad-Din's son Zangi (reigned 1161-c. 1175) was ...
Muslim Turkish dynasty that was founded by Zangi (q.v.) and which ruled northern Iraq (al-Jazirah) and Syria in the period 1127-1222. After Zangi's death in 1146, his sons divided the ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Kawatake Mokuami") ...jidaimono), emphasizing factual accuracy in his works. He also pioneered in the production of a new kind of domestic play known as zangirimono, which explicitly describes the ...
(AD 869-883), a black-slave revolt against the 'Abbasid caliphal empire. A number of Basran landowners had brought several thousand East African blacks (Zanj) into southern Iraq to drain the salt ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "eastern Africa, history of") ...to the south of modern Somalia. They sailed there with the northeast monsoon, returning home in the summer with the southwest. They dubbed the part of the coast to which ...
geographic region of northwestern Iran. It lies west of Tehran and is bordered on the northwest by Azerbaijan and on the southwest by Kordestan. The region constitutes one of the ...
