| | - Z disk
- (from the article "muscle") ...In the centre of the I band there is a prominent dense line called the Z line, although in reality, considering the three-dimensional structure of the myofibril, it is more ...
- Z line
- (from the article "muscle") ...In a longitudinal section through a group of myofibrils (Figure 7), there is a light band of low density called the I band. In the centre of the I band ...
- Z particle
- massive electrically neutral carrier particle of the weak force that acts upon all known subatomic particles. It is the neutral partner of the electrically charged W particle. The Z particle ... [10 Related Articles]
- Z-axis focusing
- (from the article "mass spectrometry") The form of focusing in the analyzers described above has assumed that the forces acting upon an ion lie entirely in the same plane, generally referred to as the x-y ...
- Z-DNA
- (from the article "nucleic acid") ...variants of DNA are known. In A-DNA, which forms under conditions of high salt concentration and minimal water, the base pairs are tilted and displaced toward the minor groove. Left-handed ...
- Z-Force
- (from the article "China") ...was beginning to bomb Yangtze shipping, and had conducted a successful raid on Japanese airfields on Taiwan. A second training centre had been started at Guilin to improve 30 more ...
- z-score
- (from the article "statistics") ...inclusion in the data set. If an error has been made, corrective action, such as rejecting the data value in question, can be taken. The mean and standard deviation are ...
- Z-twist
- (from the article "twisting") ...and rope production, process that binds fibres or yarns together in a continuous strand, accomplished in spinning or playing operations. The direction of the twist may be to the right, ...
- Z3
- (from the article "Zuse computer") ...and contemporaries developing software for his computer, the language in which it was to be programmed. Although all his early prewar machines were really calculators-not computers-his Z3, completed in December ...
- Z4
- (from the article "Zuse computer") Zuse began construction of the Z4 in 1943 with funding from the German Air Ministry. Like his Z3, the Z4 used electromechanical relays, in part because of the difficulty in ...
- za
- in feudal Japan, any of the mercantile or craft guilds that flourished about 1100-1590. They did not become fully organized until the Muromachi period (1338-1573), when they began to monopolize ... [1 Related Articles]
- ZA 12
- (from the article "zinc processing") ...high-performance zinc-aluminum casting alloys now known internationally as the ZA series. ZA 8 is an alloy used for gravity-cast parts in which improved creep resistance is required, whereas alloys ZA ...
- ZA 27
- (from the article "zinc processing") ...zinc-aluminum casting alloys now known internationally as the ZA series. ZA 8 is an alloy used for gravity-cast parts in which improved creep resistance is required, whereas alloys ZA 12 ...
- ZA 8
- (from the article "zinc processing") Research conducted since the late 1960s has been responsible for the emergence of a new series of high-performance zinc-aluminum casting alloys now known internationally as the ZA series. ZA 8 ...
- Za Qu River
- (from the article "Mekong River") The sources of the Mekong, including its principal headstream, the Za Qu River, rise at an elevation of more than 16,000 feet (4,900 metres) on the north slope of the ...
- ZA series
- (from the article "zinc processing") Research conducted since the late 1960s has been responsible for the emergence of a new series of high-performance zinc-aluminum casting alloys now known internationally as the ZA series. ZA 8 ...
- Za'faranlu Kurd
- (from the article "Quchan") town, northeastern Iran. Most of the inhabitants of Quchan are descended from a tribe of Za'faranlu Kurds resettled there by Shah 'Abbas I in the 17th century. In return for ...
- Za'tar, Tall al-
- former Palestinian refugee camp, Jabal Lubnan muhafazah (governorate), central Lebanon, north of Beirut, near Nab'a. The camp was the last large Muslim outpost in the midst of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zaandam
- (from the article "Noord-Holland") ...There are cattle and cheese markets at Purmerend and Alkmaar. The province's economy is centred on Amsterdam, the chief commercial centre, and the Zaanstreek industrial area, particularly at Zaandam.Zaanstad
- Zaanstad
- gemeente (municipality), western Netherlands. It lies along the Zaan River near its junction with the North Sea Canal. An industrial area 6 miles (10 km) northwest of ...
- Zab River
- (from the article "Iraq") ...border, is the country's highest point, Ghundah Zhur, which reaches 11,834 feet (3,607 metres). The region is heavily dissected by numerous tributaries of the Tigris, notably the Great and Little ...
- Zababa
- (from the article "Anatolian religion") ...that this is the deity denoted in the texts by the logogram KAL, to be read Kurunda or Tuwata, later Ruwata, Runda. The war god also appears, though his Hittite ...
- Zabala, Bruno Mauricio de
- (from the article "Montevideo") Montevideo was founded in 1726 by Bruno Mauricio de Zabala, governor of Buenos Aires, to counteract the Portuguese advance into the area from Brazil. During its early years, Montevideo was ...
- Zabarella, Jacopo
- (from the article "Europe, history of") ...theories to those of Ptolemy and Aristotle. Thus, the revival of ancient science brought heliocentric astronomy to the fore again after almost two millennia. Renaissance philosophers, most notably Jacopo Zabarella, ...
- Zabdicene
- (from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") ...of the Parthian period the desert caravan city of Hatra claimed hegemony over this area. There were other principalities in the northwest: Sophene, where Tigranes' capital was located; Gordyene and ...
- Zabid
- town, western Yemen. It lies on the bank of the Wadi Zabid and at the eastern fringe of the Tihamah coastal plain, about 10 miles (16 km) from the Red ... [4 Related Articles]
- Zabljak
- (from the article "Durmitor") ...the highest, Bobotov Kuk, reaching 8,274 feet (2,522 metres). Between the peaks are deep valleys and glacial lakes; dense pine and fir forests surround the lakes. The highest settlement in ...
- Zablocki, Franciszek
- (from the article "Polish literature") ...who wrote a popular national comic opera, Cud mniemany czyli Krakowiacy i gorale (1794; "The Pretended Miracle, or Krakovians and Highlanders"); and Franciszek Zablocki, who is important ...
- Zabrze
- city, Slaskie wojewodztwo (province), southern Poland. It is situated in the Upper Silesian industrial district.
- zabt
- (from the article "India") ...in copper coin (dams). The peasants thus had to enter the market and sell their produce in order to meet the assessment. This system, called zabt, was ...
- ZAC refractory
- (from the article "industrial glass") ...recommended for areas of glass contact as well as the furnace crown. Seventy-five years later, in 1942, electric-arc fusion-cast refractories became commercially available-particularly the ZAC refractory (35 percent zirconia, 53 ...
- Zacapa
- town, eastern Guatemala, situated at 738 feet (225 metres) above sea level along the San Jose River. Although the town is old, it grew greatly in size and importance only ...
- Zacapu
- city, north-central Michoacan estado (state), west-central Mexico. It is in the Sierra de Nahuatzen, 6,500 feet (1,980 m) above sea level and west of Morelia, the state ...
- Zacatecas
- estado (state), north-central Mexico. It is bordered by the states of Coahuila to the north, San Luis Potosi to the east, Jalisco and Aguascalientes to the south, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zacatecas
- city, capital of Zacatecas estado (state), north-central Mexico. Located in the southern part of the state, it lies in a deep, narrow ravine, about 8,200 feet (2,500 ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zacatecoluca
- city, southern El Salvador. It lies in the Lempa River valley, at the foot of San Vicente Volcano. A commercial centre for the surrounding agricultural area, it also trades in ...
- Zacatenco
- (from the article "Middle American Indian") ...and the transition from small villages to ceremonial towns of 5,000 inhabitants was completed. The archaeological evidence of this may be seen in the central valley of Mexico at El ...
- Zaccaria, Benedetto
- Genoese merchant, diplomat, and admiral, hero of a decisive Genoese naval victory over Pisa at Meloria (1284).
- Zaccaria, Maria
- (from the article "Greece, history of") ...the company. The last Navarrese prince, Pierre de St. Superan, joined the Ottomans in 1401 to raid Byzantine possessions in the southern Peloponnese; he died in 1402. He was succeeded ...
- Zaccaria, Saint Antonio Maria
- Italian priest, physician, and founder of the congregation of Clerks Regular of St. Paul, or Barnabites, a religious order devoted to the study of the Pauline Letters.
- Zacchini, Mario A.
- Italian-born circus performer who was the last of his family to perform in circuses and carnivals as a human cannonball-being shot from a cannon into a net on the other ...
- Zacconi, Lodovico
- Italian musicologist, last of a distinguished line of Renaissance writers on music. [1 Related Articles]
- Zach, Franz Xaver, Freiherr von
- (baron of) German-Hungarian astronomer patronized by Duke Ernst of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. [2 Related Articles]
- Zach, Natan
- (from the article "Literature") In poetry 2004 was the year of the veterans. Natan Zach penned a witty, moving collection, ha-Zamir kevar lo gar po yoter ("The Nightingale No Longer Lives Here"); Ori Bernstein ...
- Zacharias, Saint
- pope from 741 to 752. [5 Related Articles]
- Zachariasen, W. H.
- (from the article "industrial glass") In 1932 W.H. Zachariasen published The Atomic Arrangement in Glass, a classic paper that had perhaps the most influence of any published work on glass science. Zachariasen's work placed the ...
- Zachodniopomorskie
- wojewodztwo (province), northwestern Poland. Created in 1999 as part of Poland's provincial reorganization, it comprises the former (1975-98) provinces of Szczecin and Koszalin, as well as portions ...
- Zachow, Friedrich W.
- (from the article "Handel, George Frideric") The son of a barber-surgeon, Handel showed a marked gift for music and became a pupil in Halle of the composer Friedrich W. Zachow, learning the principles of keyboard performance ...
- Zack, Leon
- (from the article "stained glass") ...emblematic style of Leger to reveal the true expressive potentialities of slab glass and concrete. A third important work of this period is the long friezelike window created by the ...
- Zackenstil
- (from the article "painting, Western") In Germany the graceful pictorial style did not become popular. Instead the successor to the Byzantine conventions of the 12th century was an extraordinarily twisted and angular style called the ...
- Zackhras, Ruben
- (from the article "Marshall Islands") In January 2004 Kessai Note was inaugurated president of the Marshall Islands by the Nitijela (Congress) after having been reelected in November 2003. Vice Pres. Ruben Zackhras was also inaugurated.
- Zacynthus
- island, southernmost and third largest of the Ionian Islands (q.v.) of Greece, lying off the west coast of the Peloponnese. Including the tiny Strotadhes Islands to the south, it constitutes ... [2 Related Articles]
- Zadar
- picturesque historical town in Croatia, the former capital of Dalmatia. It is located on the end of a low-lying peninsula that is separated by the Zadar Channel from the islands ...
- Zadeh, Lotfi
- (from the article "fuzzy logic") Most concepts used in everyday language, such as "high temperature," "round face," or "aquatic animal," are not clearly defined. In 1965 Lotfi Zadeh, an engineering professor at the University of ...
- Zadick, Bill
- (from the article "Wrestling") ...team gold medal, followed by Iran (44 points). The U.S. was third with 35 points. Russia's five medalists included Khadzimurat Gatsalov, who won his third consecutive 96-kg title. The success ...
- Zadick, Mike
- (from the article "Wrestling") ...by Iran (44 points). The U.S. was third with 35 points. Russia's five medalists included Khadzimurat Gatsalov, who won his third consecutive 96-kg title. The success of Bill (66-kg gold) ...
- Zadkine, Ossip
- Russian-born French sculptor known for his dramatic Cubist-inspired sculptures of the human figure. [1 Related Articles]
- Zadok
- (from the article "cohen") Jewish priest, one who is a descendant of Zadok, founder of the priesthood of Jerusalem when the First Temple was built by Solomon (10th century BC) and through Zadok related ...
- Zadokite
- (from the article "priesthood") ...the Priestly Code was drawn up, that the distinction between priests and Levites became absolute. The priesthood was confined exclusively to those claiming succession from Aaron, in spite of the ...
- Zadracarta
- (from the article "Alexander the Great") ...him "lord of Asia"-i.e., of the Persian Empire; soon afterward his Asian coins carry the title of king. Crossing the Elburz Mountains to the Caspian, he seized Zadracarta in Hyrcania ...
- zadruga
- (from the article "Serbia") ...strong peasant patriarchal tradition that evolved under Ottoman domination and is still reflected in family and government structures. A distinctive feature is the zadruga, a corporate family ...
- Zaehner, R.C.
- British historian of religion who investigated the evolution of ethical systems and forms of mysticism, particularly in Eastern religions. [4 Related Articles]
- Zaentz, Saul
- (from the article "1984: Best Picture") Other NomineesOscar to "One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest" for best picture, 19751975: Best Picture Other NomineesOscar to ...
- Zafar
- ancient Arabian site located southwest of Yarim in southern Yemen. It was the capital of the Himyarites, a tribe that ruled much of southern Arabia from about 115 BC to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zafindraminia
- (from the article "Madagascar") ...in existence among the Antanosy people of the region. It was ruled by a "Moorish king" and had an aristocracy with privileges deriving presumably from Islam. Their collective name was ...
- Zafrulla Khan, Sir Muhammad
- Pakistani politician, diplomat, and international jurist, known particularly for his representation of Pakistan at the United Nations (UN). [1 Related Articles]
- Zafy, Albert
- (from the article "Madagascar") ...slowly, and often to the benefit of those with political connections. Relations with the international financial institutions became even more difficult in the period immediately before and during Zafy's period ...
- Zagajewski, Adam
- In 2004 Polish poet, fiction writer, and essayist Adam Zagajewski-already the recipient of several notable literary honours, including the Swedish PEN's Kurt Tucholsky Prize, the Tomas Transtromer Prize (Vasteras, Swed.), ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zaganos
- (from the article "Mehmed II") ...the Ottoman throne-succeeded in organizing a crusade. Edirne was the scene of violent rivalry between the powerful grand vizier Candarli Halil, on the one hand, and the viziers Zaganos and ...
- Zaghawa
- (from the article "Sudan, The") ...of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Another non-Arabized Muslim people is the Fur; these sedentary agriculturalists live in or near the Marra Mountains in the far west. North of the Fur ...
- Zaghlul, Sa'd
- Egyptian statesman and patriot, leader of the Wafd party and of the nationalist movement of 1918-19, which led Britain to give Egypt nominal independence in 1922. He was briefly prime ... [6 Related Articles]
- Zaghouan
- town in northeastern Tunisia. It lies on the fertile northern slope of Mount Zaghwan (Zaghouan) at an elevation of 4,249 feet (1,295 metres). It is built on the ancient Roman ...
- Zaghwan, Mount
- (from the article "Tunisia") ...in the northeast, south of the Gulf of Tunis. The highest mountain, Mount Chambi (Al-Sha'nabi), located near the centre of the Algerian border, rises to 5,066 feet (1,544 metres), while ...
- Zagnanado plateau
- (from the article "Benin") ...are to be found in the environs of Abomey, Ketou, Aplahoue (or Parahoue), and Zagnanado. The plateaus consist of clays on a crystalline base. The Abomey, Aplahoue, and Zagnanado plateaus ...
- Zagorec, Vladimir
- (from the article "Croatia") ...from its war of national liberation during the 1990s, and the country's anticorruption strategy, spearheaded by Prime Minister Ivo Sanader, bore fruit during the year. In early March retired general ...
- Zagorje Hills
- (from the article "Croatia") ...major geographic regions. In the north and northeast, running the full length of the upper arm of the Croatian crescent, are the Pannonian and para-Pannonian plains. To the north of ...
- Zagreb
- capital and chief city of Croatia. It is situated on the slopes of Medvednica Hill (Zagrebacka Gora) to the north and the floodplain of the Sava River to the south. [7 Related Articles]
- Zagreb Line
- (from the article "Tito, Josip Broz") ...organizer in Croatia and Serbia until 1927, when he joined the CPY committee for Zagreb, quickly becoming its organizational secretary. He promoted a campaign against party functions (the so-called Zagreb ...
- Zagreb, University of
- (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") ...and vocational schools, the emphasis on education led to the founding of universities in Rijeka in 1973, in Split in 1974, and in Osijek in 1975. The oldest university in ...
- Zagreus
- in Orphic myth, a divine child who was the son of Zeus (as a snake) and his daughter Persephone. Zeus intended to make Zagreus his heir and bestow on him ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zagros Mountains
- mountain range in southwestern Iran, extending northwest-southeast from the Sirvan (Diyala) River to Shiraz. The Zagros range is about 550 miles (900 km) long and more than 150 miles (240 ... [7 Related Articles]
- Zagwe Dynasty
- line of 12th- and 13th-century Ethiopian kings who combined a nomadic military life with an impassioned desire to build monuments to their Christian religion. Their tenuous pretensions to succession, based ... [2 Related Articles]
- Zaharias, Babe Didrikson
- American sportswoman, one of the greatest athletes of the 20th century, performing in basketball, track and field, and later golf. [1 Related Articles]
- Zaharoff, Sir Basil
- international armaments dealer and financier. Reputedly one of the richest men in the world, he was described as a "merchant of death" and the "mystery man of Europe."
- Zahawi, Jamil Sidqi az-
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...fiction: the emigrant who returns to his village. Iraqi modern literature is best represented by "the poet of freedom" Ma'ruf ar-Rusafi (died 1945), and Jamil Sidqi az-Zahawi (died 1936), whose ...
- Zahedan
- city and capital of Sistan va Baluchestan province, southeastern Iran, near the borders of Afghanistan and Pakistan. It is situated about 225 miles (360 km) southeast of Kerman in an ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zahedi, Fazlollah
- Iranian army officer and politician who was prime minister of Iran from 1953 to 1955.
- Zahid, Sheikh
- (from the article "Safi od-Din") ...he was influenced by Sufi (mystical) teachings. He then traveled to the province of Gilan (the Iranian Caspian province), where he spent 25 years as a murid (spiritual follower) of ...
- Zahir Shah, Mohammad
- king of Afghanistan from 1933 to 1973, who provided an era of stable government to his country. [3 Related Articles]
- Zahiriyah
- followers of an Islamic legal and theological school that insisted on strict adherence to the literal text (zahir) of the Qur'an and Hadith (sayings and actions of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zahiriyyah Madrasah, al-
- (from the article "Damascus") ...censor. Al-Assad National Library was inaugurated in 1984. Among other important materials, it contains the precious collection of manuscripts and rare books of Damascus's venerable public library, al-Zahiriyyah. The library ...
- Zahlah
- city, central Lebanon. It lies on the eastern slopes of the Lebanon Mountains, at an elevation of 3,150 feet (960 metres) above sea level. An agricultural market centre for the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zahn, Ernst
- Swiss writer, one of the contributors to the Heimatkunst ("homeland") movement-a literature striving for the reproduction of the life and atmosphere of the provinces. His realistic prose, though conventional, shows ...
- Zahr, az-
- (from the article "Jifarah, al-") ...known in Libya as the Nafusah Plateau. In Tunisia this tableland sends out a long north-south spur that forms the western border of the coastal plain and is called az-Zahr, ...
- Zahringen
- (from the article "Switzerland") ...emperors; however, the remoteness and the gradual decline of the imperial power allowed the rise of quasi-independent territories out of bailiwicks. This process enabled the feudal dynasties of the Zahringen, ...
- Zaian Amazigh
- (from the article "Khenifra") ...and lies along the banks of the Oum er-Rbia River at an elevation of about 3,280 feet (1,000 metres). The site was originally the wintering headquarters for the Ait Affi, ...
- zaibatsu
- (Japanese: "wealthy clique"), any of the large capitalist enterprises of Japan before World War II, similar to cartels or trusts but usually organized around a single family. One zaibatsu might ... [5 Related Articles]
- Zaid ibn Shaker
- Jordanian military officer and government official (b. Sept. 4, 1934, Amman, Jordan-d. Aug. 30, 2002, Amman), held the top three appointed posts in his country-commander of the armed forces (1976-88), ...
- Zaillian, Steven
- (from the article "1993: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: Jane Campion for The PianoAdapted Screenplay: Steven Zaillian for Schindler's ListCinematography: Janusz Kaminski for Schindler's ListArt Direction: Allan Starski for Schindler's ListOriginal Score: John Williams for Schindler's ListOriginal ...
- Zajaczek, Jozef
- (from the article "Poland") The post of viceroy did not go to Prince Czartoryski, by then estranged from Alexander, but went to a servile political nonentity, General Jozef Zajaczek. The tsar's brother Constantine, the ...
- zajal
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...however, it lost its original spontaneity and became as stereotyped as every other lyric form of expression during the later Middle Ages. Another strophic form developed in Spain is the ...
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