| | - Yemmiganur
- city, western Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. It lies west of the city of Kurnool. Yemmiganur was included in the Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagar, which flourished during medieval times (14th-16th ...
- yen
- monetary unit of Japan. The yen was divided into 100 sen and into 1,000 rin until 1954, when these tiny denominations were removed from circulation. Despite having suffered enormous devastation ...
- Yen Bai uprising
- (from the article "Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang") Its most ambitious action-an event known as the Yen Bai uprising-occurred on the night of Feb. 9, 1930, when the military garrison at Yen Bai, a small town along the ...
- Yen Chen-ch'ing
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...in synthesizing southern and northern tendencies, blending fluid brush movement and expressive power, were Chang Hsu (known for his "delirious cursive" writing) and his pupils Yen Chen-ch'ing and the monk ...
- Yen Chia-kan
- (from the article "Chiang Kai-shek") ...United States finally break diplomatic relations with Taiwan in 1979 in order to establish full relations with the People's Republic of China. After his death in 1975 he was succeeded ...
- Yen, Vivian Wu
- Chinese-born Taiwanese businesswoman was the tenacious chairwoman of the Yulon Group, the largest auto manufacturer in Taiwan; she became known as the "Iron Lady" after taking the reins and successfully ...
- Yen-lo Wang
- (from the article "Shih Wang") The first king receives the dead and determines whether or not they require punishment and, if so, to which region they should be sent. Formerly the position of first judge ...
- Yenakiyeve
- city, eastern Ukraine. It lies along the Krynka River. A pig-iron concern began there in 1858 but lasted only eight years; not until the first coal mines opened in the ...
- Yenangyaung
- town, west-central Myanmar (Burma), on the Irrawaddy River, 135 miles (217 km) southwest of Mandalay. It is the centre of oil fields that were long the most productive in Myanmar. ...
- Yendi
- (from the article "Ghana") A state of emergency was enforced from March to June in the northern Yendi district owing to ongoing political tensions over a chieftaincy. Revelations of an alleged coup plot in ...
- Yengema
- town, east-central Sierra Leone. The headquarters of a diamond-mining area inhabited mainly by the Kono and Mandingo peoples, the town has diamond-washing plants, a hospital, and several schools. Pop. (latest ...
- Yenisehir
- (from the article "Osman I") ...to defend their territories in the hinterland of the Asiatic shore opposite Constantinople (now Istanbul). Osman gradually extended his control over several former Byzantine fortresses, including Yenisehir, which provided the ...
- Yeniseian languages
- small group of languages grouped with Yukaghir, Nivkh, and the Luorawetlan languages as Paleo-Siberian languages. The Yeniseian group contains at least four languages-Ket, Kott, Arin (Arrin), and Assan-but only Ket ... [1 Related Articles]
- Yenisey River
- river of central Russia, one of the longest rivers in Asia. The world's sixth largest river in terms of discharge, the Yenisey runs from south to north across the great ... [4 Related Articles]
- yeoman
- in English history, a class intermediate between the gentry and the labourers; a yeoman was usually a landholder but could also be a retainer, guard, attendant, or subordinate official. The ... [3 Related Articles]
- yeoman warder
- the official guardian of the Tower of London. The office of yeoman warder has existed since the Tower was constructed in the 11th century; it is one of the oldest ...
- Yeomen of the Guard
- the personal bodyguard of the sovereign of England, in continuous existence since they were established by King Henry VII in 1485. They should not be confused with the yeomen warders ...
- Yeovil
- (from the article "South Somerset") ...the historic counties of Dorset or Devon. The district is predominantly rural and has many villages scattered over an agricultural landscape. The district's largest town and administrative centre is Yeovil. ...
- Yepes, Narciso Garcia
- Spanish classical guitarist and composer who was known for both his brilliant technique and his interpretations and who designed a 10-string guitar to aid him in arranging music; his arrangements, ...
- Yeppoon
- coastal town, east-central Queensland, eastern Australia. It lies 26 miles (42 km) northeast of Rockhampton and 435 miles (700 km) north of the state capital, Brisbane. Surveyed in 1872, the ...
- Yeraki
- (from the article "Laconia") Neolithic sites (before 2500 BC) are found in the Evrotas valley, the Malea peninsula, and elsewhere; Yeraki, a quiet village southeast of Sparta, has been occupied continuously since Neolithic times ...
- yerba
- (from the article "mate") In brewing mate, the dried leaves (yerba), placed in dried hollow gourds, are covered with boiling water and steeped. The gourds, called mates or culhas, are decorated, sometimes silver mounted; ...
- Yerba Buena Cove
- (from the article "San Francisco") Almost half a century later, a village sprang up on the shore of Yerba Buena Cove, 2 miles (3 km) east of the mission. The pioneer settler was an Englishman, ...
- Yerba Buena Island
- (from the article "Bay Bridge") complex crossing that spans San Francisco Bay from the city of San Francisco to Oakland via Yerba Buena Island. One of the preeminent engineering feats of the 20th century, it ...
- yerba mate
- (from the article "holly") ...to eastern North America, as is the winterberry, or black alder (I. verticillata). Possum haw (I. decidua), also deciduous, bears red fruits on a shrub growing to 10 m (33 ...
- Yerby, Frank
- American author of popular historical fiction.
- Yeremenko, Andrey I.
- (from the article "Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich") ...general; his principal task was to stimulate the resistance of the civilian population and maintain liaison with Stalin and other members of the Politburo. He was political adviser to Marshal ...
- Yerevan
- capital of Armenia. It is situated on the Hrazdan River, 14 miles (23 km) from the Turkish frontier. Though first historically recorded in AD 607, Yerevan dates by archaeological evidence ... [10 Related Articles]
- Yergeni hills
- (from the article "Kalmykia") ...it reaches the Caspian shore, and in the northeast it touches the Volga. Most of the republic lies in the vast lowland of the northern Caspian Depression, the greater part ...
- Yerkes Laboratories of Primate Biology
- (from the article "Yerkes, Robert M.") ...a longtime ambition by establishing the Yale Laboratories of Primate Biology, Orange Park, Fla. A unique centre for the study of the neural and physiological bases of behaviour, it was ...
- Yerkes Observatory
- astronomical observatory located at Williams Bay on Lake Geneva in southeastern Wisconsin, U.S. The Yerkes Observatory of the University of Chicago was named for its benefactor, transportation magnate Charles T. ... [3 Related Articles]
- Yerkes, Charles Tyson
- American financier who put together the syndicate of companies that built Chicago's mass-transit system. [1 Related Articles]
- Yerkes, Robert M.
- American psychologist and a principal developer of comparative (animal) psychology in the United States.
- Yermak Timofeyevich
- Cossack leader of an expeditionary force during Russia's initial attempts to annex western Siberia. He became a hero of Russian folklore. [5 Related Articles]
- Yermakova, Anastasiya
- (from the article "Swimming") ...domination of synchronized swimming-winning six of the seven contested events in Melbourne, including the team free and the team technical routines. The two Anastasiyas-Davydova and Yermakova-unbeaten since 2002, won three ...
- Yermolova, Maria Nikolayevna
- Russian dramatic actress whose 50-year career was devoted to imbuing her portrayals of stage heroines with a liberal spirit of active independence.
- Yerofeyev, Venedikt
- (from the article "Russia") ...chronicled the horrors of the prison camps; Andrey Sinyavsky, whose complex novel Goodnight! appeared in Europe in 1984, long after he had been forced to leave the Soviet Union; and ...
- Yersin, Alexandre
- Swiss-born French bacteriologist and one of the discoverers of the bubonic plague bacillus, Pasteurella pestis, now called Yersinia pestis. [1 Related Articles]
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- (from the article "yersiniosis") acute gastrointestinal infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica, characterized by fever, often-bloody diarrhea, and abdominal pain. A temporary rash called erythema nodosum also may appear on ...
- Yersinia pestis
- (from the article "plague") infectious fever caused by the bacillus Yersinia pestis, a bacterium transmitted from rodents to humans by the bite of infected fleas. Plague was the cause of some ...
- yersiniosis
- acute gastrointestinal infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica, characterized by fever, often-bloody diarrhea, and abdominal pain. A temporary rash called erythema nodosum also may appear on ...
- Yerwa Kanuri
- (from the article "Kanuri language") language within the Saharan branch of the Nilo-Saharan language family. Kanuri consists of two main dialects, Manga Kanuri and Yerwa Kanuri (also called Beriberi, which they consider pejorative), spoken in ...
- Yes
- British progressive rock band known for its extended compositions and virtuoso musicianship. Its principal members were Jon Anderson (b. Oct. 25, 1944, Accrington, Lancashire, Eng., ), Chris Squire (b. March ... [1 Related Articles]
- Yesenin, Sergey Aleksandrovich
- the self-styled "last poet of wooden Russia," whose dual image-that of a devout and simple peasant singer and that of a rowdy and blasphemous exhibitionist-reflects his tragic maladjustment to the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Yeshaq I
- (from the article "Ifat") ...port of Zeila.) Thereafter Ifat was continually in revolt against Ethiopia. It was finally destroyed in 1415, when its last attempt at independence under Sultan S'adad-Din was foiled by Yeshaq ...
- yeshiva
- any of numerous Jewish academies of Talmudic learning, whose biblical and legal exegesis and application of Scripture have defined and regulated Jewish religious life for centuries. The early history of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Yeshiva University
- private, coeducational institution of higher learning in New York, New York, U.S. It is a comprehensive research university comprising six undergraduate schools and seven graduate or professional schools at the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Yesil Mosque
- (from the article "Bursa") ...some of the outstanding examples of Ottoman architecture. Among its mosques, Ulu Mosque (1421) is a vast building with 20 domes, noted for the variety and fineness of its calligraphic ...
- Yesil River
- (from the article "Turkey") ...River east of the Bosporus. High ridges trending east-west rise abruptly from the Black Sea coast, and the coastal plain is thus narrow, opening out only in the deltas of ...
- Yessentuki
- city, Stavropol kray (region), southwestern Russia, in the valley of the Podkumok River. It was founded in 1798, developed as a fortress in the 1830s, and became a city in ...
- Yesugei
- (from the article "Genghis Khan") Various dates are given for the birth of Temujin (or Temuchin), as Genghis Khan was named-after a leader who was defeated by his father, Yesugei, when Temujin was born. The ...
- Yesuj
- town, southwestern Iran. The town has a sugar mill and other local industry producing bricks and mosaic tiles, livestock feed, mats and baskets, and carpets and rugs. Roads link it ...
- yeti crab
- (from the article "Life Sciences") ...unknown genus and family (Kiwaidae). It was approximately 15 cm (5.9 in) in length and had a distinctive shell shape that differentiated it from other families of crabs and lobsters. ...
- Yetl
- (from the article "nature worship") ...acquires the status of a water deity because of this phenomenon. The Tlingit of the northwestern United States view the moon as an old woman, the mistress of the tides. ...
- yetzer ha-ra'
- (from the article "Judaism") ...a tension between two "impulses." Here again, fragmentary and allusive biblical materials were developed into more-comprehensive statements. The biblical word yetzer, for example, means "plan," that which ...
- yetzer ha-tov
- (from the article "Judaism") ...ha-ra' ("the evil impulse"), to denote the source within humans of their disobedience, and subsequently the counter-term yetzer ha-tov ("the good impulse") was used to indicate humans' ...
- Yevpatoriya
- city, Crimea, southern Ukraine, on the Kalamit Bay on the west coast of the Crimean Peninsula. Founded in the 6th century BC as a Greek colony and later renamed for ...
- Yevreyskaya
- autonomous oblast (province) in Khabarovsk kray (region), far eastern Russia, occupying an area of 13,900 sq mi (36,000 sq km) in the basin of the middle Amur River. ...
- Yevtushenko, Yevgeny
- poet and spokesman for the younger post-Stalin generation of Russian poets, whose internationally publicized demands for greater artistic freedom and for a literature based on aesthetic rather than political standards ... [1 Related Articles]
- yew
- any tree or shrub of the genus Taxus (family Taxaceae), approximately eight species of ornamental evergreens, distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Other trees called yew but not in this genus ... [3 Related Articles]
- Yeysk
- city, Krasnodar kray (region), southwestern Russia. It was founded as a port in 1848 on the southern side of Taganrog Gulf of the Sea of Azov. Fishing and associated industries ...
- Yezhov, Nikolay Ivanovich
- Russian Communist Party official who, while chief of the Soviet security police (NKVD) from 1936 to 1938, administered the most severe stage of the great purges, known as Yezhovshchina (or ... [2 Related Articles]
- Yezhovshchina
- (from the article "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics") ...life. Zinovyev, Kamenev, and 14 others confessed to terrorist plots in conjunction with Trotsky and were shot. In September the NKVD chief, Yagoda, was replaced by Nikolay Yezhov, from whom ...
- Yezierska, Anzia
- (from the article "American literature") ...Michael Gold's harsh Jews Without Money (1930) and Henry Roth's Proustian Call It Sleep (1934), one of the greatest novels of the decade. They followed in the footsteps of Anzia ...
- Yggdrasill
- in Norse mythology, the world tree, a giant ash supporting the universe. One of its roots extended into Niflheim, the underworld; another into Jotunheim, land of the giants; and the ... [5 Related Articles]
- Yglesias, Jose
- U.S. author and journalist (b. Nov. 29, 1919, Tampa, Fla.--d. Nov. 7, 1995, New York, N.Y.), wrote fiction about Latinos and nonfiction about life in Latin America and Spain, the ...
- Yhombi-Opango, Joachim
- (from the article "Congo") ...among workers and students in the highly politicized environment of Brazzaville and other southern urban centres. Ngouabi was assassinated in March 1977. His successor, the more conservative Colonel Joachim Yhombi-Opango, ...
- Yi
- ethnic group of Austroasiatic origin living largely in the mountains of southwest China and speaking a Tibeto-Burman language. The Yi people numbered more than 7.5 million in the early 21st ... [4 Related Articles]
- yi
- (from the article "pan") ...the bowl supported a limited series of decorative motifs; the broad, flat interior of the vessel was often used for a more elaborate design or for a long inscription. The
- Yi Am
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") Yi Am, Shin Sa-im-dang, and Yi Chong are the better scholar-painters of the first period. Unlike the professional court painters, who made Chinese landscapes their specialty, these amateur scholar-painters devoted ...
- Yi Chong
- also called T'anum (Korean: "Ocean Hermit") painter who was one of the most popular 16th-century Korean artists. [1 Related Articles]
- Yi Dynasty
- the last and longest-lived imperial dynasty (1392-1910) of Korea. Founded by General Yi Song-gye, who established the capital at Hanyang (present-day Seoul), the kingdom was named Choson after the state ... [11 Related Articles]
- Yi Haejo
- (from the article "Korean literature") ...also tried to unify the spoken and written language. Typical writers and their works are Yi Injik, Kwi ui song (1907; "A Demon's Voice"); Yi Haejo, Chayujong ...
- Yi In-mun
- also called Yu-ch'un (Korean: "Exist Spring") famous Korean landscape painter.
- Yi Injik
- (from the article "Korean literature") ...with their established plot lines and stereotyped characterizations. Writers of sinsosol also tried to unify the spoken and written language. Typical writers and their works are Yi Injik,
- Yi Ku
- Korean royal (b. Dec. 29, 1931, Tokyo, Japan-d. July 16, 2005, Tokyo) was heir to the throne of Korea though he was born in exile and spent most of his ...
- Yi Kwangsu
- (from the article "Korean literature") The modern literary movement was launched by Ch'oe Namson and Yi Kwangsu. In 1908 Ch'oe published the poem "Hae egeso pada ege" ("From the Sea to Children") in Sonyon ("Children"), ...
- Yi language
- (from the article "Sino-Tibetan languages") ...Yunnan). Tibetic (i.e., Tibetan in the widest sense of the word) comprises a number of dialects and languages spoken in Tibet and the Himalayas. Burmic (Burmese in its widest application) ...
- Yi Mun Yol
- Yi Mun Yol may have been unhappy in his early years, but he so superbly turned this to his advantage that he became a commanding presence in the world of ...
- Yi Sang-cha
- noted Korean painter famous for the freshness and originality of his style.
- Yi Song-gye
- (from the article "Seoul") Seoul was founded in 1394 by Gen. Yi Song-gye, the founder of Korea's Yi dynasty, as the capital of a unified nation. The site was a militarily defensible natural redoubt ...
- Yi style
- (from the article "calligraphy") At first the calligraphy of the Yi dynasty (1392-1910) followed the zhao style, but early in the 16th century a mannered, vulgar style began to be evident. ...
- Yi Sun-shin
- Korean admiral and national hero whose naval victories were instrumental in repelling Japanese invasions of Korea in the 1590s. [1 Related Articles]
- Yi T'oegye
- (from the article "Confucianism") Yi T'oegye (1501-70), the single most important Korean Confucian, helped shape the character of Yi Confucianism through his creative interpretation of Zhu Xi's teaching. Critically aware of the philosophical turn ...
- Yi Yulgok
- (from the article "Confucianism") In addition, Yi Yulgok's (1536-84) challenge to T'oegye's re-presentation of Zhu Xi's Confucianism, from the perspective of Zhu's thought itself, significantly enriched the repertoire of the learning of the principle. ...
- yi-dam
- in Tibetan Buddhism, a tutelary, or guardian, deity with whom a lama (monk) has a special, secret relationship. The lama first prepares himself by meditation, then selects from among the ...
- Yibin
- city, southeastern Sichuan sheng (province), China. It is situated at the southwestern corner of the Sichuan Basin at the junction of the Min and the Yangtze rivers; ...
- Yichang
- city, western Hubei sheng (province), China. It extends along the left bank of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang), at a point marking the division between the river's ...
- Yichun
- city, north-central Heilongjiang sheng (province), far northeastern China. It is situated in the densely forested area of the Xiao Hinggan (Lesser Khingan) Range, at the confluence of ...
- Yick Wo v. Hopkins
- (from the article "Matthews, Stanley") ...of common carriers transporting liquor into the state was unconstitutional because it constituted state regulation of interstate commerce. His most important opinion, given for the court in Yick Wo v. ...
- Yiddish Conference
- (from the article "Peretz, I.L.") ...to the Zionists-was to create a complete cultural and national life for Jewry within the Diaspora with Yiddish as its language. He played an important moderating role as deputy chairman ...
- Yiddish drama
- (from the article "Goldfaden, Avrom") Hebrew and Yiddish poet and playwright and originator of Yiddish theatre and opera.Yiddish literatureYiddish literatureHaskala and HasidismEttinger wrote ma
- Yiddish language
- one of the many Germanic languages that form a branch of the Indo-European language family. Yiddish is the language of the Ashkenazim, central and eastern European Jews and their descendants. ... [3 Related Articles]
- Yiddish literature
- the body of written works produced in the Yiddish language of Ashkenazic Jewry (central and eastern European Jews and their descendants). [20 Related Articles]
- Yiddish theatre
- (from the article "Yiddish literature") European Jewish drama had its origin in the late Middle Ages, when dancers, mimics, and professional jesters entertained at wedding and Purim celebrations. Amateur Jewish actors began performing door to ...
- Yidgha-Munji languages
- (from the article "Iranian languages") Some 6,000 people speak dialects of the Yidgha-Munji group. Monjan is a very remote valley located in northern Afghanistan, and it is separated by a mountain pass from the Sanglechi-speaking ...
- yield
- (from the article "chemical compound") Second, the yield in each step must be considered. A step in a synthesis may give a very low yield of the desired product. For example, a proportion of the ...
- yield point
- in mechanical engineering, load at which a solid material that is being stretched begins to flow, or change shape permanently, divided by its original cross-sectional area; or the amount of ...
- yield strength
- (from the article "materials testing") ...detrimental to strength; for example, exposure of polyethylene plastic for short periods of time increases its tensile strength. Longer exposures, however, decrease tensile strength. Tensile and yield strength of a ...
- yield stress
- (from the article "stress") Reaction to stresses within elastic solids causes them to return to their original shape when the applied forces are removed. Yield stress, marking the transition from elastic to plastic behaviour, ...
- Yifter, Miruts
- (from the article "Miruts Yifter: Yifter the Shifter") Distance runner Miruts Yifter, a captain in the Ethiopian air force, became as famous for his quirks and setbacks as he did for his tenacity and victories. His introduction to ...
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