coalition of various reform groups that led a revolutionary movement against the authoritarian regime of Ottoman sultan Abdulhamid II, which culminated in the establishment of a constitutional government. After their ...
nonsectarian Christian organization that aims "to advance the physical, social, intellectual, moral, and spiritual interests of young women." The recreational, educational, and spiritual aspects of its program are symbolized in ...
classical investigation into the nature of light, an investigation that provided the basic element in the development of the wave theory and was first performed by the English physicist and ...
numerical constant, named for the 18th-century English physician and physicist Thomas Young, that describes the elastic properties of a solid undergoing tension or compression in only one direction, as in ...
prolific English writer on agriculture, politics, and economics. Besides his books on agricultural subjects, he was the author of the famous Travels in France (or Travels During the Years 1787, ...
professional U.S. baseball player, winner of more major league games than any other pitcher. His victory total is variously given as 509 or 511, the sum of his defeats 313, ...
English poet, dramatist, and literary critic, author of The Complaint: or, Night Thoughts (1742-45), a long, didactic poem on death. The poem was inspired by the successive deaths of his ...
American educator who, as Chicago's superintendent of schools, became the first woman to achieve that administrative status in a major American school system.
English novelist and poet who, although at times sentimental and long-winded, achieved wide popularity for his considerable skill as a storyteller. Among his best known novels, many of which are ...
U.S. astronaut who participated in the Gemini, Apollo, and space shuttle projects. He served as Virgil Grissom's co-pilot on Gemini 3 (1965), the first U.S. two-man space flight.
American tenor saxophonist who emerged in the mid-1930s Kansas City, Mo., jazz world with the Count Basie band and introduced an approach to improvisation that provided much of the basis ...
English physician and physicist who established the principle of interference of light and thus resurrected the century-old wave theory of light. He was also an Egyptologist who helped decipher the ...
articulate U.S. civil rights leader who spearheaded the drive for equal opportunity for blacks in U.S. industry and government service during his 10 years as head of the National Urban ...
four Midwestern American outlaws of the post-Civil War era-Thomas Coleman ("Cole"; 1844-1916), John (1846-74); James ("Jim"; 1850-1902), and Robert ("Bob"; 1853-89)-who were often allied with Jesse James.
British army officer and explorer whose travels, mainly in northern India and Tibet, yielded major contributions to geographical research; he also forced the conclusion of the Anglo-Tibetan Treaty (September 6, ...
extinct genus of primitive reptiles found as fossils in Late Permian deposits of South Africa (the Permian Period began 286 million years ago and lasted 41 million years). Youngina is ...
city, Mahoning and Trumbull counties, seat (1876) of Mahoning County, northeastern Ohio, U.S. It lies along the Mahoning River, near the Pennsylvania border, and is equidistant (65 miles [105 km]) ...
public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Youngstown, Ohio, U.S. It comprises Williamson College of Business Administration, Rayen College of Engineering and Technology, and colleges of Arts and Sciences, Education, ...
novelist, essayist, and short-story writer who became the first woman to be elected to the Academie Francaise (French Academy), an exclusive literary institution with a membership limited to 40.
supervised shelter providing inexpensive overnight lodging, particularly for young people. Hostels range from simple accommodations in a farm house to hotels able to house several hundred guests for days at ...
city, central Turkey. The city lies on the site of a Bronze Age settlement 100 miles (160 km) east of Ankara in a valley of the Ak Mountains, at an ...
city, southern Paraguay. It is situated in the westward extension of the Brazilian Highlands. Its name means "water of God" in the ancient Guarani language. Founded in 1887, it serves ...
municipality, West Flanders province (province), western Belgium. It lies along the Yperlee (Ieperlee) River, south of Ostend. Ypres became a major cloth-weaving city in the Middle Ages, ...
city, Washtenaw County, southeastern Michigan, U.S. It lies along the Huron River just east of Ann Arbor. Originally called Woodruff's Grove, it grew up around a French trading post (1809-19) ...
historian and politician, author of the first history of Finland in Finnish. Later he guided the Old Finn Party in its policy of compliance with Russia's unconstitutional Russification program in ...
a small stream (48 mi [77 km] long), rising on the north flanks of the sandstone hills of Monts Cassell and de Recollets in northern France and flowing in an ...
former town, now a southeastern section of El Paso, El Paso county, extreme western Texas, U.S. Ysleta lies near the Rio Grande. The town was annexed by El Paso in ...
in French literature, a medieval collection of fables, often versions of Aesop's Fables. The word was first applied to a collection of tales written by Marie de France in the ...
(Yb), chemical element, rare-earth metal of transition Group IIIb of the periodic table, a low-melting-point, divalent rare earth with little commercial use.
(Y), chemical element, rare-earth metal of transition Group IIIb of the periodic table, used for red phosphors in colour television. Yttrium metal is silvery in colour, ductile, and relatively reactive; ...
defense minister who saved China when the Cheng-t'ung emperor (1427-64) of the Ming dynasty was captured in 1449 while leading Chinese troops against the Mongol leader Esen.
popular short-story writer of the 1920s in China, one of the founding members of the Creation Society, which was devoted to the promotion of modern literature.
river in South China. A southern tributary of the Hsi Chiang, it rises in two branches in southeastern Yunnan Province and flows about 400 mi (750 km) generally east in ...
the most revered and popular of Chinese Taoist deities. In the official Taoist pantheon, he is an impassive sage-deity, but he is popularly viewed as a celestial sovereign who guides ...
city in the southeast of the Kwangsi Chuang autonomous ch'u (district), China. Situated on the upper waters of the Nan-liu River, which drains southwestward into the Gulf of Tonkin to ...
city, central Shansi Province (sheng), China. It is a county-level municipality (shih) and the administrative centre of Chin-chung Prefecture (ti-ch'u). Yu-tz'u has from early times been overshadowed by T'ai-yuan, nearby ...
monetary unit of China. The yuan is divided into 100 fen and 10 jiao. The People's Bank of China has exclusive authority to issue currency. Banknotes are issued in denominations ...
(1206-1368), dynasty established in China by Mongol nomads. Yuan rule stretched throughout most of Asia and eastern Europe, though the Yuan emperors were rarely able to exercise much control over ...
Chinese army leader and reformist minister in the twilight of the Manchu (Ch'ing) dynasty (until 1911) and then first president of the Republic of China (1912-16).
a key literary figure of the middle Tang dynasty of China, influential in the guwen ("ancient-style prose") revival, which employed the styles of the early classical Chinese ...
city, seat (1856) of Sutter county, north-central California, U.S. It lies in the Sacramento Valley, at the junction of the Feather and Yuba rivers, 40 miles (65 km) north of ...
city, central Hokkaido, northern Japan. It lies along the upper Yubari River, in the Yubari Range. It developed as a mining town when coal was discovered in the area in ...
estada ("state"), northern Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Mexico. It is bounded on the north by the Gulf of Mexico, on the east and southeast by Quintana Roo, and on the southwest ...
strait connecting the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, extending for 135 miles (217 km) between Cape Catoche, Mexico, and Cape San Antonio, Cuba. The north and south equatorial ...
oceanic surface current, the western limb of a clockwise gyre in the eastern Gulf of Mexico flowing from northern Honduras, through the Yucatan Channel, to the central eastern portion of ...
a northeastern projection of Central America, lying between the Gulf of Mexico to the west and north and the Caribbean Sea to the east. Encompassing some 76,300 square miles (197,600 ...
American Indian language of the Mayan family, spoken in the Yucatan Peninsula, including not only part of Mexico but also Belize and northern Guatemala. In its classical (i.e., 16th-century) form ...
Middle American Indians of the Yucatan Peninsula in eastern Mexico. The Yucatec were participants in the Maya civilization, whose calendar, architecture, and hieroglyphic writing marked them as a highly civilized ...
(genus Yucca), any of about 40 species of succulent plants of the lily family Agavaceae, native to southern North America. Most species of yucca are stemless, with a rosette of ...
the ruins of prehistoric Native American pueblos, located 15 miles (24 km) south of the town of Cortez in the southwestern corner of Colorado, U.S., near Mesa Verde National Park. ...
(genus Tegeticula), any of four species of insects of the Prodoxidae family of moths (order Lepidoptera). The adults are small, diurnal, and have tiny spines covering their wings.
form of Chinese poetry derived from the folk-ballad tradition. The yuefu takes its name from the Yuefu ("Music Bureau") created in 120 BC by Wudi of Han ...
aboriginal people of South China who in the 5th-4th century BC formed a powerful kingdom in present-day Chekiang and Fukien provinces. The name Vietnam means "south of the Yueh," and ...
Chinese lute, one of a family of flat, round-bodied lutes found in Central and East Asia. It was invented, according to tradition, during the Chin dynasty (AD 265-420). It has ...
city in northern Hunan sheng (province), China. The city is situated on the east bank of the outlet from the Tung-t'ing Lake into the Yangtze River, some 5 miles (8 ...
ancient people who ruled in Bactria and India from about 128 BC to about AD 450. The Yuezhi are first mentioned in Chinese sources at the beginning of the 2nd ...
in Hindu cosmology, an age of mankind. Each yuga is progressively shorter than the preceding one, corresponding to a decline in the moral and physical state of humanity. Four such ...
