| | - Yatsushiro
- city, Kumamoto ken (prefecture), Kyushu, Japan. It is situated along the delta of the Kuma River, facing Yatsushiro Bay. The city developed around a Shinto shrine that was built during ...
- Yau, Shing-Tung
- Chinese-born mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1983 for his work in differential geometry.
- Yaudheya
- (from the article "India") ...with the Vikrama era, also known as the Krita era and dating to 58 BCE. It is likely that southern Rajasthan as far as the Narmada River and the Ujjain ...
- Yaunde
- a Bantu-speaking people of the hilly area of south-central Cameroon who live in and around the capital city of Yaounde. The Yaunde and a closely related people, the Eton, comprise ...
- yaupon
- (from the article "holly") ...(10 feet), produces scarlet berries among shining, evergreen leaves. Japanese holly (I. crenata), an East Asian shrub growing to 6 m (20 feet), has small, evergreen leaves and black berries. ...
- Yauri
- historic kingdom and traditional emirate, Kebbi state, northwestern Nigeria. The kingdom was probably founded by the Reshe (Gungawa) people. The date of its founding is unknown, but by the mid-14th ... [1 Related Articles]
- Yauza River
- (from the article "Moscow") ...streams that once flowed into the Moscow River through the city area have now been put into underground conduits or have been filled in. There are still visible tributaries, however-i.e., ...
- Yavana
- in early Indian literature, either a Greek or another foreigner. The word appears in Achaemenian (Persian) inscriptions in the forms Yauna and Ia-ma-nu and referred to the Ionian Greeks of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Yavapai
- (from the article "Yuman") ...the Maricopa in the middle Gila; and the upland Yumans, who inhabited what is now western Arizona south of the Grand Canyon and whose major groups included the Hualapai (Walapai), ...
- Yavatmal
- city, northeastern Maharashtra state, western India. Yavatmal lies on major roads to Nagpur, Mumbai (Bombay), and Hyderabad. It is the regional centre of an agricultural area (cotton and wheat) and ...
- Yavlinsky, Grigory A.
- (from the article "Russia") ...form of a semi-mixed economy with the contradictions of the reforms themselves brought economic chaos to the country and great unpopularity to Gorbachev. Gorbachev's radical economists, headed by Grigory A. ...
- Yavorov, Peyo
- Bulgarian poet and dramatist, the founder of the Symbolist movement in Bulgarian poetry. [1 Related Articles]
- Yavuz, Hilmi
- (from the article "Turkish literature") ...(1978; "During the Siege") and Turkiye uzgun yurdum, guzel yurdum (1985; "Turkey My Sad Home, My Beautiful Home"). Hilmi Yavuz worked as a journalist in London, where ...
- yaw
- (from the article "ship") In maneuvering, a ship experiences yaw (rotation about a vertical axis) and sway (sideways motion). More generally, motions are possible in all six degrees of freedom, the other four being ...
- Yaw, Ellen Beach
- American operatic soprano who enjoyed critical and popular acclaim on European and American stages during the early 20th century.
- Yawata
- (from the article "Kita-Kyushu") Kita-Kyushu is one of Japan's leading manufacturing centres and is the one in which heavy industry is most prominent. The industrial nucleus, Yawata, specializes in iron and steel, heavy chemicals, ...
- Yawata Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.
- (from the article "Nippon Steel Corporation") Japanese corporation created by the 1970 merger of Yawata Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., and Fuji Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. It ranks among the world's largest steel corporations. Its ...
- Yawatahama
- city, Ehime ken (prefecture), Shikoku, Japan. It lies along the Uwa Sea. A castle town and fishing port during the Tokugawa era (1603-1867), it later developed as a trade centre ...
- Yawer, Ghazi al-
- (from the article "Iraq") Area: 434,128 sq km (167,618 sq mi) | Population (2005 est.): 27,818,000 | Capital: Baghdad | Head of state: Presidents Ghazi al-Yawer and, from April 7, Jalal Talabani | Head ...
- Yawkey, Tom
- American professional baseball executive, sportsman, and owner of the American League Boston Red Sox (1933-76)-the last of the patriarchal owners of early baseball.
- yawl
- two-masted sailboat, usually rigged with one or more jibsails, a mainsail, and a mizzen. In common with the ketch, the forward (main) mast is higher than the mizzenmast, but the ...
- yawning
- (from the article "speech") The inborn automatic reflexes of laughing and yawning illustrate the resonator action of the vocal organ. Together with a widely opened mouth, flat tongue, elevated palate, and maximally widened pharynx, ...
- yaws
- contagious disease occurring in moist tropical regions throughout the world. It is caused by a spirochete, Treponema pertenue, that is structurally indistinguishable from T. pallidum, which causes syphilis. Some syphilologists ... [1 Related Articles]
- yaya
- (from the article "Ottoman Empire") To replace the nomads, Orhan organized a separate standing army of hired mercenaries paid by salary rather than booty or by timar estates. Those mercenaries organized as infantry were called ...
- Yayati
- (from the article "Hinduism") In myths concerning kings and princes, a prevailing theme is the trial of the son by the father. For example, the ancient king Yayati had five sons to whom he ...
- Yayoi culture
- (c. 250 BC-c. AD 250), prehistoric culture of Japan, subsequent to the Jomon culture. Named after the district in Tokyo where its artifacts were first found in 1884, the culture ... [5 Related Articles]
- Yayoi ware
- (from the article "Yayoi culture") Yayoi pottery, like earlier Jomon ware, was unglazed. Pottery of the Early Yayoi period (250-100 BC) was characterized by knife-incised surface decoration. During the Middle Yayoi period (100 BC-AD 100), ...
- yazata
- in Zoroastrianism, member of an order of angels created by Ahura Mazda to help him maintain the flow of the world order and quell the forces of Ahriman and his ... [1 Related Articles]
- Yazd
- city, central Iran. The city dates from the 5th century AD and was described as the "noble city of Yazd" by Marco Polo. It stands on a mostly barren, sand-ridden ...
- Yazd-e Khvast
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...very same uncertainty surrounds the second pattern, which consisted in forcibly transforming sanctuaries of older faiths into Muslim ones. This was the case at Hamah in Syria and at Yazd-e ...
- Yazdegerd I
- king of the Sasanian Empire (reigned 399-420). [1 Related Articles]
- Yazdegerd II
- king of the Sasanian dynasty (reigned 438-457), the son and successor of Bahram V. [1 Related Articles]
- Yazdegerd III
- the last king of the Sasanian dynasty (reigned 632-651), the son of Shahryar and a grandson of Khosrow II. [3 Related Articles]
- Yazgulami language
- (from the article "Iranian languages") Dialects of the Shughni group are spoken in the Pamirs. Closely related to this group is Yazgulami. A period of a Yazgulami-Shughni common language (protolanguage) has been postulated by some ...
- Yazgulem Range
- (from the article "Pamirs") ...The western slope intersects other ranges that lie still farther to the west: the Peter I Range, with Moscow Peak (22,260 feet); the Darvaz Range, with Arnavad Peak (19,957 feet); ...
- Yazid I
- in full Yazid Ibn Mu'awiyah Ibn Abi Sufyan second Umayyad caliph (680-683), particularly noted for his suppression of a rebellion led by Husayn, the son of 'Ali. The death of ... [4 Related Articles]
- Yazid ibn al-Muhallab
- provincial governor in the service of several caliphs of the Umayyad dynasty.
- Yazid II
- (from the article "Farazdaq, al-") ...a number of panegyrics. He also enjoyed the favour of the caliph Sulayman (715-717) but was eclipsed when 'Umar II became caliph in 717. He got a chance to recover ...
- Yazidi
- religious sect, found primarily in the districts of Mosul, Iraq; Diyarbakir, Tur.; Aleppo, Syria; Armenia and the Caucasus region; and in parts of Iran. The Yazidi religion is a syncretic ... [1 Related Articles]
- Yaziji, Nasif
- Lebanese scholar who played a significant role in the revitalization of Arabic literary traditions.
- Yazilikaya
- (Turkish: "Inscribed Rock"), Hittite monument about a mile northeast of Bogazkoy; it was the site of the Hittite capital Hattusa in eastern Turkey. Two recesses in the rock, one to ... [4 Related Articles]
- Yazoo City
- city, seat (1848) of Yazoo county, west-central Mississippi, U.S. It lies along the Yazoo River, 47 miles (76 km) northwest of Jackson. Founded as a planned community in 1826, it ...
- Yazoo land fraud
- in U.S. history, scheme by which Georgia legislators were bribed in 1795 to sell most of the land now making up the state of Mississippi (then a part of Georgia's ...
- Yazoo River
- river formed by the confluence of the Tallahatchie and Yalobusha rivers north of Greenwood, Mississippi, U.S. It meanders about 190 miles (306 km) generally south and southwest, much of the ...
- YB-49
- (from the article "Northrop, John Knudsen") ...prototypes, and during World War II he designed a bomber 172 feet (52 m) wide and 53 feet (16 m) long. First flown in 1946, the XB-35 was powered by ...
- Ybl Museum
- (from the article "Szekesfehervar") ...where many Hungarian kings were crowned are carefully preserved. Some fine Baroque buildings survive, including the bishop's palace. The city's historic legacy can also be seen in its statuary. The ...
- Ybl, Miklos
- (from the article "Szekesfehervar") ...crowned are carefully preserved. Some fine Baroque buildings survive, including the bishop's palace. The city's historic legacy can also be seen in its statuary. The Ybl Museum features the work ...
- Ybor City
- (from the article "Tampa") ...Plant developed port facilities extensively and promoted tourism, building the lavish, Moorish-style Tampa Bay Hotel in 1891. Cigar manufacturing was introduced in 1886 by Vicente Martinez Ybor, and Ybor City, ...
- Ybor, Vicente Martinez
- (from the article "Florida") Cubans came to Key West after 1868 when, as a result of revolutionary turmoil in Cuba, Vicente Martinez Ybor moved his cigar factories there from Havana. Labour troubles and a ...
- Yciar, Juan de
- (from the article "calligraphy") Juan de Yciar was the first in Spain to publish a copybook, the Recopilacion subtilissima (1548; "Most Delicate Compilation"). Two years later he published his Arte subtilissima ...
- Ydalir
- (from the article "Ull") ...snowshoes, hunting, the bow, and the shield; he was a handsome stepson of the thunder god Thor. Ull possessed warrior-like attributes and was called upon for aid in individual combat. ...
- Yding Forest Hill
- (from the article "Denmark") Denmark proper is a lowland area that lies, on average, not more than 100 feet (30 metres) above sea level. The country's highest point, reaching only 568 feet (173 metres), ...
- Ye Jianying
- Chinese communist military officer, administrator, and statesman who held high posts in the Chinese government during the 1970s and '80s.
- Ye Mingchen
- (from the article "China") In the strained atmosphere in Guangzhou, where the xenophobic governor-general, Ye Mingchen, was inciting the Cantonese to annihilate the British, the Arrow incident occurred in October 1856. ...
- Ye Shengtao
- Chinese writer and teacher known primarily for his vernacular fiction.
- Ye Ting
- outstanding Chinese military leader. [1 Related Articles]
- Ye.O. Paton Bridge
- (from the article "Kiev") ...the rapid spread of the city on the low left bank of the Dnieper, previously almost devoid of settlement. The left bank is linked to the main part of Kiev ...
- Yeager, Chuck
- American test pilot and U.S. Air Force officer who was the first man to exceed the speed of sound in flight. [2 Related Articles]
- Yeager, Jeana
- (from the article "Voyager") in aeronautics, American experimental aircraft that in 1986 became the first airplane to fly around the world without stops or refueling. Piloted by Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, the craft ...
- year
- time required for the Earth to travel once around the Sun, about 365 14 days. This fractional number makes necessary the periodic intercalation of days in any calendar that is ... [4 Related Articles]
- Year 2000, Commission of the
- (from the article "futurology") ...de la conjecture (The Art of Conjecture), in which he offered a systematic philosophical rationale for the field. The following year the American Academy of Arts and Sciences formed its ...
- year list
- (from the article "chronology") ...not by regnal years but by the names of the years. Each year had an individual name, usually from an important event that had taken place in the preceding year. ...
- Yeardley, George
- (from the article "Burgesses, House of") representative assembly in colonial Virginia; the first elective governing body in a British overseas possession. The assembly was one division of the legislature established by Gov. George Yeardley at Jamestown, ...
- YearlyKos
- (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") ...force in the discussion of national issues. Several U.S. Democratic presidential candidates appeared in Chicago before a conference of self-described "progressive" bloggers called YearlyKos. Some who attended said that the ...
- yeast
- any of certain economically important single-celled fungi (kingdom Fungi), most of which are in the phylum Ascomycota, only a few being Basidiomycota. Yeasts are found worldwide in soils and on ... [14 Related Articles]
- yeast artificial chromosome
- (from the article "recombinant DNA technology") ...inserts) or lambda phage alone. Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) are vectors based on F-factor (fertility factor) plasmids of E. coli and can carry much larger amounts of DNA. Yeast artificial ...
- Yeats, Jack Butler
- most important Irish painter of the 20th century. His scenes of daily life and Celtic mythology contributed to the surge of nationalism in the Irish arts after the Irish War ...
- Yeats, John Butler
- (from the article "Yeats, Jack Butler") Jack Butler Yeats was the son of John Butler Yeats, a well-known portrait painter, and he was the brother of the poet William Butler Yeats. He was privately educated in ...
- Yeats, William Butler
- Irish poet, dramatist, and prose writer, one of the greatest English-language poets of the 20th century. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923. [14 Related Articles]
- Yecla
- city, Murcia provincia (province) and comunidad autonoma (autonomous community), southeastern Spain. It lies north of the city of Murcia, at the slopes of the ...
- Yefimov, Boris
- Soviet cartoonist chronicled the history of his country-especially the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin-through robustly drawn satiric cartoons, beginning in 1916. He began drawing as a child in Bialystok, Pol., ...
- Yefremov, Oleg Nikolayevich
- Russian actor and theatre director (b. Oct. 1, 1927, Moscow, U.S.S.R.-d. May 24, 2000, Moscow, Russia), was one of his country's finest and most influential directors; Yefremov championed new, young ...
- Yegorov, Boris Borisovich
- Soviet physician who, with cosmonauts Vladimir M. Komarov and Konstantin P. Feoktistov, was a participant in the first multimanned spaceflight, that of Voskhod ("Sunrise") 1, on Oct. 12-13, 1964, and ... [2 Related Articles]
- Yegorova, Lyubov
- Russian cross-country skier who was one of the two most decorated performers at the 1994 Olympic Winter Games in Lillehammer, Norway. She won three gold medals and a silver in ... [3 Related Articles]
- Yegoryevsk
- city, Moscow oblast (province), western Russia. It lies along the Glushitsy River southeast of the capital. The city of Yegoryevsk was formed in 1778 from the village of Vysokoye and ...
- Yegros, Fulgencio
- (from the article "Paraguay") ...in defending the colony from further attacks from Buenos Aires, he underestimated the nationalistic spirit of the Paraguayans. Under the leadership of the militia captains Pedro Juan Cabellero and Fulgencio ...
- Yeha
- (from the article "Tigray") Tigray contains the core of the ancient Aksumite kingdom and the historic settlements of Aksum, the kingdom's capital; Yeha, a ruined town of great antiquity; and Adwa, the site of ...
- yeheb
- (from the article "Fabales") ...tropics. Other important plants are acacia, used for animal food (both pods and leaf forage), for soil improvement and revegetation, and as a source of tannin and pulpwood; Cordeauxia edulis ...
- Yehoshua, Abraham B.
- (from the article "Literature") A.B. Yehoshua, the prolific, ever-changing author, published in 2004 a new novel, Shelihuto shel ha-memume al ma'shabe enosh ("The Mission of the Human Resource Man"), but the moralist tale failed ...
- Yeibichai
- (from the article "Native American dance") ...heritage; in their black-and-white striped disguise of paint, they are eerie and also comical. Pueblo masking influenced neighbouring tribal dances such as the curative yeibichai of the ...
- Yekaterinburg
- city and administrative centre of Sverdlovsk oblast (region), west-central Russia. The city lies along the Iset River, which is a tributary of the Tobol River, and on the eastern slope ... [2 Related Articles]
- Yekhanurov, Yury
- (from the article "Ukraine") Area: 603,628 sq km (233,062 sq mi) | Population (2006 est.): 46,757,000 | Capital: Kiev | Chief of state: President Viktor Yushchenko | Head of government: Prime Ministers Yury Yekhanurov ...
- Yekuana
- (from the article "Native American music") ...of cane or wood, causing it to vibrate. Among Native Americans, reed instruments are used primarily among South American Indians, particularly in the Tropical Forest and circum-Caribbean areas. The Yekuana ...
- Yekuno Amlak
- (from the article "Zagwe Dynasty") ...and is known for building the monolithic rock-hewn churches at the Zagwe capital, which was later renamed for him. Zagwe rule was destined to be short-lived, for at the end ...
- Yekutiel ben Isaac ibn Hasan
- (from the article "Ibn Gabirol") ...about 1022, Ibn Gabirol received his higher education in Saragossa, where he joined the learned circle of other Cordoban refugees established there around famed scholars and the influential courtier Yekutiel ...
- Yelena Glinskaya
- (from the article "Russia") ...with the khan of the Crimean Tatars. In the end, however, much of what Vasily accomplished was undone by his failure as a procreator: divorcing his first wife for her ...
- Yelets
- city, Lipetsk oblast (province), western Russia, on the Sosna River. First mentioned in 1146 and the seat of a minor princedom in the 13th century, Yelets long served as a ...
- Yellin, Samuel
- (from the article "metalwork") One of the most gifted and dedicated iron craftsmen in the U.S., Samuel Yellin of Philadelphia, raised the standards of wrought-iron craftsmanship to its apex during the 1920s. He not ...
- yellow
- (from the article "colour") ...cyan. An image that absorbs only green light transmits both blue light and red light, and its colour is magenta. The blue-absorbing image transmits only green light and red light, ...
- yellow anaconda
- (from the article "anaconda") The giant anaconda (Eunectes murinus), also called the green anaconda, sucuri, or water kamudi, is an olive-coloured snake with alternating oval-shaped black spots. The yellow, or southern, anaconda (E. notaeus) ...
- yellow bell
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...sets of bells or stone chimes, but the classical writings on music discuss a 12-tone system in relation to the blowing of bamboo pipes (lu). The first pipe produces a ...
- yellow birch
- (Betula alleghaniensis, or B. lutea), ornamental and timber tree of the family Betulaceae, native to the northeastern part of North America.
- Yellow Book, The
- short-lived but influential illustrated quarterly magazine devoted to aesthetics, literature, and art. It was published in London from 1894 to 1897. [1 Related Articles]
- yellow cake
- (from the article "uranium processing") Prior to final purification, uranium present in acidic solutions produced by the ion-exchange or solvent-extraction processes described above, as well as uranium dissolved in carbonate ore leach solutions, is typically ...
- yellow cake
- (from the article "baking") Common cake varieties include white cake, similar in formula to yellow cake, except that the white cake uses egg whites instead of whole eggs; devil's food cake, differing from chocolate ...
- yellow corydalis
- (from the article "Corydalis") ...underground tubers and lobed or finely dissected leaves, although the climbing corydalis (C. claviculata) of Great Britain is an annual with short sprays of cream-coloured, tubular flowers. Yellow corydalis (C. ...
- Yellow Creek Massacre
- (from the article "Logan, James") ...the white settlers. Logan was converted to an intense hatred of all white men in 1774, when his entire family was treacherously slaughtered by a frontier trader named Daniel Greathouse ...
- yellow cucumber tree
- (from the article "Magnoliales") ...It is cultivated in almost all temperate regions of the world, and it flowers five to seven years after planting. Another cultivated magnolia native to the United States is the ...
- yellow enzyme
- (from the article "Theorell, Axel Hugo Teodor") ...found in red muscle (1932). At the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (now Max Planck Institute), Berlin (1933-35), he worked with Otto Warburg in isolating from yeast a pure sample of the ...
- yellow fever
- acute infectious disease, one of the great epidemic diseases of the tropical world, though it sometimes has occurred in temperate zones as well. The disease, caused by a flavivirus, infects ... [11 Related Articles]
- yellow flag
- (from the article "Iris") ...has slender, straight stalks with clustered heads of violet-blue or white blooms. Similar but shorter and more sturdy, I. spuria has round falls, short standards, and rather lax foliage. The ...
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