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yen ... Yokoyama Taikan

yen: monetary unit of Japan. The yen was divided into 100 sen and into 1,000 rin until 1954, when these tiny denominations were removed from circulation. Despite having suffered enormous devastation ...
Yen Fu: Chinese scholar who translated into Chinese works by T.H. Huxley, J.S. Mill, Herbert Spencer, Adam Smith, and others in an attempt to show that the secret to Western wealth and ...
Yen Yuan: Chinese founder of a pragmatic empirical school of Confucianism opposed to the speculative Neo-Confucian philosophy that had dominated China since the 11th century.
Yen-an: town in northeastern Shensi sheng (province), China. It became famous as the wartime stronghold of the Chinese communists from the mid-1930s to 1949. The area around the ...
Yen-ch'eng: city in the eastern coastal district of northern Kiangsu sheng (province), China.
Yen-chi: city, eastern Kirin sheng (province), China. It is a county-level shih (municipality) and the administrative seat of Yen-pien-ch'ao-hsien-tsu (Yen-pien Korean) autonomous chou (prefecture), which covers a mountainous area on the ...
Yen-t'ai: port city on the northern coast of Shantung sheng (province), China.
Yenagoa: town, Rivers state, southern Nigeria, in the Niger Delta. Situated in an area of swamps and mangrove and tropical rain forests, it is a traditional home of the Ijo people, ...
Yenakiyeve: city, Donetsk oblast (province), eastern Ukraine. It lies along the Krynka River. A pig-iron concern began there in 1858 but lasted only eight years; not until the first coal mines ...
Yenangyaung: town, west-central Myanmar (Burma), on the Irrawaddy River, 135 miles (217 km) southwest of Mandalay. It is the centre of oil fields that were long the most productive in Myanmar. ...
Yengema: town, east-central Sierra Leone. The headquarters of a diamond-mining area inhabited mainly by the Kono and Mandingo peoples, the town has diamond-washing plants, a hospital, and several schools. Pop. (1985 ...
Yeniseian languages: small group of languages grouped with Yukaghir, Nivkh, and the Luorawetlan languages as Paleo-Siberian languages. The Yeniseian group contains at least four languages-Ket, Kott, Arin (Arrin), and Assan-but only Ket ...
Yenisey River: river of central Russia, one of the longest rivers in Asia. The world's sixth largest river in terms of discharge, the Yenisey runs from south to north across the great ...
yeoman: in English history, a class intermediate between the gentry and the labourers; a yeoman was usually a landholder but could also be a retainer, guard, attendant, or subordinate official. The ...
Yeomen of the Guard: the personal bodyguard of the sovereign of England, in continuous existence since they were established by King Henry VII in 1485. They should not be confused with the yeomen warders ...
Yeppoon: coastal town, east-central Queensland, eastern Australia. It lies 26 miles (42 km) northeast of Rockhampton and 435 miles (700 km) north of the state capital, Brisbane. Surveyed in 1872, the ...
Yerby, Frank: American author of popular historical fiction.
Yerevan: capital of Armenia. It is situated on the Hrazdan River, 14 miles (23 km) from the Turkish frontier. Though first historically recorded in AD 607, Yerevan dates by archaeological evidence ...
Yerkes, Charles Tyson: American financier who put together the syndicate of companies that built Chicago's mass-transit system.
Yerkes, Robert M.: American psychologist and a principal developer of comparative (animal) psychology in the United States.
Yermak Timofeyevich: Cossack leader of an expeditionary force during the initial Russian attempts to annex western Siberia, who became a hero of Russian folklore.
Yermolova, Maria Nikolayevna: Russian dramatic actress whose 50-year career was devoted to imbuing her portrayals of stage heroines with a liberal spirit of active independence.
Yersin, Alexandre: Swiss-born French bacteriologist and one of the discoverers of the bubonic plague bacillus, Pasteurella pestis, now called Yersinia pestis.
yersiniosis: acute gastrointestinal infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica, characterized by fever, often-bloody diarrhea, and abdominal pain. A temporary rash called erythema nodosum also may appear on ...
Yes: British progressive rock band known for its extended compositions and virtuoso musicianship. Its principal members were Jon Anderson (b. Oct. 25, 1944, Accrington, Lancashire, Eng., ), Chris Squire (b. March ...
Yesenin, Sergey Aleksandrovich: the self-styled "last poet of wooden Russia," whose dual image-that of a devout and simple peasant singer and that of a rowdy and blasphemous exhibitionist-reflects his tragic maladjustment to the ...
yeshiva: any of numerous Jewish academies of Talmudic learning, whose biblical and legal exegesis and application of Scripture have defined and regulated Jewish religious life for centuries. The early history of ...
Yeshiva University: private, coeducational institution of higher learning in New York, New York, U.S. It is a comprehensive research university comprising six undergraduate schools and seven graduate or professional schools at the ...
Yessentuki: city, Stavropol kray (region), southwestern Russia, in the valley of the Podkumok River. It was founded in 1798, developed as a fortress in the 1830s, and became a city in ...
Yesuj: town, southwestern Iran. The town has a sugar mill and other local industry producing bricks and mosaic tiles, livestock feed, mats and baskets, and carpets and rugs. Roads link it ...
Yevpatoriya: city, Crimea, southern Ukraine, on the Kalamit Bay on the west coast of the Crimean Peninsula. Founded in the 6th century BC as a Greek colony and later renamed for ...
Yevreyskaya: autonomous oblast (province) in Khabarovsk kray (region), far eastern Russia, occupying an area of 13,900 sq mi (36,000 sq km) in the basin of the middle Amur River. ...
Yevtushenko, Yevgeny: poet and spokesman for the younger post-Stalin generation of Russian poets, whose internationally publicized demands for greater artistic freedom and for a literature based on aesthetic rather than political standards ...
yew: any tree or shrub of the genus Taxus (family Taxaceae), approximately eight species of ornamental evergreens, distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Other trees called yew but not in this genus ...
Yeysk: city, Krasnodar kray (region), southwestern Russia. It was founded as a port in 1848 on the southern side of Taganrog Gulf of the Sea of Azov. Fishing and associated industries ...
Yezhov, Nikolay Ivanovich: Russian Communist Party official who, while chief of the Soviet security police (NKVD) from 1936 to 1938, administered the most severe stage of the great purges, known as Yezhovshchina (or ...
Yggdrasill: in Norse mythology, the world tree, a giant ash supporting the universe. One of its roots extended into Niflheim, the underworld; another into Jotunheim, land of the giants; and the ...
YHWH: in Hebrew, the name of God as revealed to Moses. Because of its four letters, it is also known as the Tetragrammaton. See Yahweh.
Yi: ethnic group of Austroasiatic origin living largely in the mountains of southwest China and speaking a Tibeto-Burman language. The Yi people numbered more than 7.5 million in the early 21st ...
Yi Chong: also called T'anum (Korean: "Ocean Hermit") painter who was one of the most popular 16th-century Korean artists.
Yi Dynasty: the last and longest-lived imperial dynasty (1392-1910) of Korea. Founded by General Yi Song-gye, who established the capital at Hanyang (present-day Seoul), the kingdom was named Choson after the state ...
Yi In-mun: also called Yu-ch'un (Korean: "Exist Spring") famous Korean landscape painter.
Yi Sang-cha: noted Korean painter famous for the freshness and originality of his style.
Yi Sun-shin: Korean admiral and national hero whose naval victories were instrumental in repelling Japanese invasions of Korea in the 1590s.
yi-dam: in Tibetan Buddhism, a tutelary, or guardian, deity with whom a lama (monk) has a special, secret relationship. The lama first prepares himself by meditation, then selects from among the ...
Yiddish language: the language of Ashkenazic Jewry (central and eastern European Jews and their descendants). Written in the Hebrew alphabet, Yiddish became one of the world's most widespread languages, appearing in most ...
Yiddish literature: the body of written works produced in the Yiddish language of Ashkenazic Jewry (central and eastern European Jews and their descendants).
yield point: in mechanical engineering, load at which a solid material that is being stretched begins to flow, or change shape permanently, divided by its original cross-sectional area; or the amount of ...
Yijing: an ancient Chinese text, one of the Five Classics (Wujing) of Confucianism. The main body of the work, traditionally attributed to Wenwang (flourished 12th century BC), contains a discussion of ...
Yima: in ancient Iranian religion, the first man, the progenitor of the human race, and son of the sun. Yima is the subject of conflicting legends obscurely reflecting different religious currents.
Yin Mountains: range in the Inner Mongolian autonomous ch'u (region), China, comprising the Ta-ch'ing, Wu-la, Hara-narin, Sheyten, and Lang mountains. The Yin Mountains mostly rise to heights of about 6,500 feet (2,000 ...
Yin-ch'uan: capital of Hui Autonomous Region of Ningsia, north-central China. The city is located near the western bank of the upper course of the Huang Ho, near the western end of ...
yin-yang: in Eastern thought, the two complementary forces, or principles, that make up all aspects and phenomena of life. Yin is conceived of as earth, female, dark, passive, and absorbing; it ...
Ying-k'ou: city and port in Liaoning sheng (province), China. Ying-k'ou is situated near the mouth of the Hun River, some 11 miles (18 km) from the mouth of the Liao ...
yingqing ware: type of refined, thinly potted Chinese porcelain produced at Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, and in Hebei province. It was created primarily during the Song dynasty (960-1279), although it is likely that ...
Yithion: small port of Laconia, southern Peloponnese, Greece. It lies at the northwestern extremity of the Lakonikos Gulf at the mouth of the Gythius River. The town is connected by a ...
yizkor: (Hebrew: "may he [i.e., God] remember"), the opening word of memorial prayers recited for the dead by Ashkenazic (German-rite) Jews during synagogue services on Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), on ...
ylang-ylang: (Cananga odorata), South Asian tree of the custard apple family (Annonaceae), in the order Magnoliales. A penetrating but evanescent perfume is distilled from its flowers.
Yobe: state, northeastern Nigeria. It borders the Republic of Niger to the north and the Nigerian states of Borno to the east, Bauchi to the southwest, and Jigawa to the northwest. ...
Yoccoz, Jean-Christophe: French mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1994 for his work in dynamical systems.
yodel: type of singing in which high falsetto and low chest notes are rapidly alternated; its production is helped by the enunciation of open and closed vowels on the low and ...
Yodo River: river, central western Honshu, Japan. The Yodo is the sole outlet of Lake Biwa, the country's largest freshwater lake, from which it issues in a southwesterly direction to Osaka Bay, ...
Yoga: (Sanskrit: "Yoking," or "Union"), one of the six orthodox systems (darshans) of Indian philosophy. Its influence has been widespread among many other schools of Indian thought. Its basic text is ...
Yogacara: ("Doctrine of Consciousness"), an important idealistic school of Mahayana Buddhism. Yogacara attacked both the complete realism of Theravada Buddhism and the provisional practical realism of the Madhyamika school of Mahayana ...
yogurt: semifluid fermented milk food having a smooth texture and mildly sour flavour because of its lactic acid content. Yogurt may be made from the milk of cows, sheep, goats, or ...
Yogyakarta: kotamadya (municipality) and capital, Yogyakarta daerah istimewa (special district), Java, Indonesia. It lies 18 miles (29 km) inland from the southern Java coast and near Mount Merapi (9,551 feet [2,911 ...
Yogyakarta: daerah istimewa (special district), south-central Java, Indonesia. It is bounded on the west, north, and east by Jawa Tengah provinsi ("province") and fronts the Indian Ocean on the south. The ...
Yohannes IV: emperor of Ethiopia (1872-89). Like his predecessor, Tewodros II (reigned 1855-68), Yohannes IV was a strong, progressive ruler, but he spent most of his time repelling military threats from Egypt, ...
Yoho National Park: national park in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. The park occupies 507 square miles (1,313 square km) of the western and central slopes of the Rocky Mountains and is adjacent to ...
Yojoa, Lake: lake in northwestern Honduras. The nation's largest inland lake, Yojoa has an area of 110 square miles (285 square km). It is volcanic in origin and nestles at an elevation ...
yoke: wooden bar or frame used to join draft animals at the heads or necks so that they pull together. In the early Middle East and in Greece and Rome, oxen ...
Yokkaichi: city, Mie ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies facing Ise Bay, southwest of Nagoya. The city developed around a castle built in 1470. By the Tokugawa period (1603-1867), it had ...
Yokohama: city and port, capital of Kanagawa ken (prefecture), Japan, and part of the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area, which is the largest urban agglomeration in Japan.
Yokomitsu Riichi: Japanese writer who, with Kawabata Yasunari, was one of the mainstays of the New Sensationalist school (Shinkankaku-ha) of Japanese writers, influenced by the avant-garde trends in European literature of the ...
Yokosuka: seaport, Kanagawa ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies on the western shore of Tokyo Bay, about 15 miles (24 km) south of Yokohama. Its site on the Miura Peninsula was ...
Yokoyama Taikan: Japanese painter who, with his friend Hishida Shunso, contributed to the revitalization of traditional Japanese painting in the modern era.