American band whose tales of urban decay, corruption, and sleaze, delivered with skilled musicianship and unique vocal harmonies, marked them as important contributors to the punk movement. The original members ...
(from the article "Romance languages") The Latin letter x, an abbreviation for ks, was also put to other uses in Romance; in Portuguese, Catalan, Sicilian, and Old Spanish it represents a /sh/ sound, in modern ...
(from the article "subatomic particle") ...lightest stable particles built from quarks, are not in fact stable but can decay to lighter leptons. These interactions between quarks and leptons occur through new gauge bosons, generally called ...
(from the article "Anthropology and Archaeology") An international consortium of genome centres succeeded in determining almost all of the DNA sequence of the human X chromosome and documented the extent to which the human Y chromosome ...
private scientific dining club of Victorian London, remarkable for the power that its nine members exerted on the scientific and cultural climate of late-19th-century England.
(from the article "Skiing") ...was scattered more than usual, with World Cup competitions as well as non-Cup events taking place throughout the U.S. The two biggest events were the U.S. Open and ESPN television's ...
(from the article "genetic disease, human") ...the X chromosome is gene-rich, most of these genes become transcriptionally silent in all but one X chromosome in each somatic cell (i.e., all cells except eggs and sperm) via ...
(from the article "Physical Sciences") ...attempt for the Ansari X Prize by SS1 began on September 29 with a flight to 103 km (64 mi), and it was completed on October 4 with a flight ...
(from the article "aerospace engineering") ...American James Hart Wyld designed, built, and tested the first U.S. regeneratively cooled liquid rocket engine. In 1947 Wyld's rocket engine powered the first supersonic research aircraft, the Bell X-1, ...
(from the article "helicopter") ...to lift an aircraft vertically from the ground and then shift to forward flight, but in every case the difficulties involved in recovery have inhibited the program. An early example, ...
(from the article "aerospace engineering") ...in propulsion, structures and materials, high-speed aeroelasticity, and transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic aerodynamics. The experience gained in the X-1 tests led to the development of the X-15 research rocket plane, ...
(from the article "China") ...across northern Burma. Already in India, the United States was training two Chinese divisions from remnants of the Burma campaign, plus artillery and engineering regiments (this became known as X-Force). ...
(from the article "metabolic disease") ...manifesting heterozygotes. Examples of X-linked disorders include ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (an enzyme deficiency resulting in high blood levels of ammonia and impaired urea formation), X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (a disorder that is ...
(from the article "immune system disorder") ...from hereditary and congenital defects are rare, but they can affect all major aspects of the immune system. Luckily many of those conditions can be treated. In the rare hereditary ...
(from the article "metabolic disease") ...Females have two X chromosomes, while males have an X and a Y chromosome. If a mutant gene is part of the X chromosome, the resulting disease is called X-linked. ...
(from the article "crustacean") The X-organ-sinus-gland complex is located in the eyestalk. The X-organ passes its secretions to the sinus gland, which acts as a release centre into the blood. Hormones liberated from the ...
electromagnetic radiation of extremely short wavelength and high frequency, with wavelengths ranging from about 10−8 to 10−12 metre and corresponding frequencies from about 1016 to 1020 hertz (Hz). [64 Related Articles]
(from the article "analysis") Absorbed X rays cause excitation of electrons from inner orbitals (those near the nucleus) to unoccupied outer orbitals. In some cases, the energy of the incident X ray is sufficient ...
(from the article "spectroscopy") Emission of X rays from high-temperature laboratory plasmas is used to probe the conditions within them; X-ray spectral measurements show both the composition and temperature of a source. X-ray and ...
(from the article "physical science, principles of") ...black, dissected into quarters. For crystals, of course, the unit cell is three-dimensional. A very wide variety of arrangements is exhibited by different substances, and it is the great triumph ...
a phenomenon in which the atoms of a crystal, by virtue of their uniform spacing, cause an interference pattern of the waves present in an incident beam of X rays. ... [18 Related Articles]
(from the article "spectroscopy") ...a crystal of zinc sulfide. Because the details of the diffraction patterns depended on the wavelength of the radiation, these experiments formed the basis for the spectroscopy of X rays. ...
(from the article "geology") The chemical analysis of minerals is undertaken with the electron microprobe (see above). Instruments and techniques used for the chemical analysis of rocks are as follows: The X-ray fluorescent (XRF) ...
(from the article "galaxy") Synchrotron radiation is characteristically emitted at virtually all wavelengths at almost the same intensity. A synchrotron source therefore ought to be detectable at optical and radio wavelengths, as well as ...
(from the article "microscope") X-ray microprobe analysis has proven to be so valuable that a majority of SEMs, as well as many TEMs, are now equipped with X-ray spectrometers as accessories. The technique has ...
(from the article "microscope") Little use has been found for the X-ray microscope. The basic device uses the emission of X-rays from a point source to cast an enlarged image on a phosphor screen, ...
(from the article "spectroscopy") X-ray monochromators are analogous to grating monochromators and spectrometers in the visible portion of the spectrum. If the lattice spacing for a crystal is accurately known, the observed angles of ...
(from the article "spectroscopy") X rays are strongly absorbed by solid matter so that the optics used in the visible and near-infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum cannot be used to focus or reflect ...
(from the article "spectroscopy") ...Over the next several years, a number of researchers determined that the rays carried no electric charge, traveled in straight trajectories, and had a transverse nature (could be polarized) by ...
in astronomy, any of a class of cosmic objects that emit radiation at X-ray wavelength. Because the Earth's atmosphere absorbs X rays very efficiently, X-ray telescopes and detectors must be ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "spectroscopy") A penetrating, electrically uncharged radiation was discovered in 1895 by the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen and was named X-radiation because its origin was unknown. This radiation is produced when ...
manner of depicting animals by drawing or painting the skeletal frame and internal organs. It is one of the characteristic styles of the art of some prehistoric hunting cultures. [3 Related Articles]
instrument designed to detect and resolve X rays from sources outside the Earth's atmosphere. Because of atmospheric absorption, X-ray telescopes must be carried to high altitudes by rockets or balloons ... [1 Related Articles]
evacuated electron tube that produces X rays by accelerating electrons to a high velocity with a high-voltage field and causing them to collide with a target, the anode plate. The ... [3 Related Articles]
sex chromosome disorder of human females, in which three X chromosomes are present, rather than the normal pair. More common than Turner's syndrome, where only one X chromosome is present, ... [1 Related Articles]
port town, southern Mozambique. Located on the eastern bank of the Limpopo River near its mouth, the town is a market centre for cashew nuts, rice, corn (maize), cassava, and ...
city, capital of Veracruz estado (state), east-central Mexico. About 55 miles (90 km) northwest of Veracruz city, Xalapa is located beneath towering volcanic peaks in the Sierra ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Kublai Khan") ...of the homeland because he was the youngest, was planning to have himself elected khan, he patched up a truce with Sung. In April 1260 he arrived at his residence ...
(from the article "Titan") ...this property were able to show that the surface is not uniform. Images taken in near-infrared wavelengths by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1994 revealed a bright continent-sized region, later ...
city, southwestern Azerbaijan. Situated at the foot of the eastern slopes of the Karabakh Range, the city was founded after the October Revolution (1917) on the site of the village ...
(from the article "Julich") ...Sigismund, elector of Brandenburg, and Wolfgang William of Palatinate-Neuburg, backed by France, the United Provinces, and the German Protestant princes, jointly occupied the duchies (1610). By the Treaty of Xanten ...
any of a class of organic salts formed by treatment of an alcohol with carbon disulfide in the presence of an alkali. The term is derived from the Greek word ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "dye") In 1871 the German chemist Adolph von Baeyer discovered a new dye class closely related to the triphenylmethane series and also without natural counterparts. Heating phthalic anhydride with resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) ...
city and nomos (department) in the Thrace (Thraki) region of eastern Greece. The city, which is situated below the Rhodope massif at the head of the narrow Eskeje (Esketze) Valley, ...
(from the article "purine") Uric acid, the first purine derivative to be discovered, was isolated in 1776 from urinary calculi; xanthine was obtained from the same source in 1817. Xanthine also occurs in tea, ...
rare inherited disorder of purine metabolism that results from a deficiency in the enzyme xanthine oxidase. Normally this enzyme breaks down the purine base xanthine to uric acid, which is ...
(from the article "Pericles") Pericles was born into the first generation able to use the new weapon of the popular vote against the old power of family politics. His father, Xanthippus, a typical member ...
(from the article "cocklebur") ...enclosed in oval green, yellow, or brown burs that have many hooked spines and two large hornlike spines. The ripe burs adhere to the hair of animals, which widely disseminate ...
(from the article "plant disease") The principal genera of plant pathogenic bacteria are Agrobacterium, Clavibacter, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Streptomyces, and Xylella. With the exception of Streptomyces species, all are small, single, rod-shaped cells approximately 0.5 ...
(from the article "pollination") ...Madagascar orchid, Angraecum sesquipedale, with a nectar receptacle 20 to 35 centimetres (eight to 14 inches) long, depends for its pollination exclusively on the local race of a hawkmoth, Xanthopan ...
(from the article "hawk moth") The species Xanthopan morganii praedicta, named in honour of its predicted existence by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, exclusively pollinates the Madagascar orchid,
(from the article "chromatophore") pigment-containing cell in the deeper layers of the skin of animals. Depending on the colour of their pigment, chromatophores are termed melanophores (black), erythrophores (red), xanthophores (yellow), or leucophores (white). ...
(from the article "carotenoid") ...or red pigments (biochromes) that are almost universally distributed in living things. There are two major types: the hydrocarbon class, or carotenes, and the oxygenated (alcoholic) class, or xanthophylls. Synthesized ...
(from the article "Greece, history of") ...the Philiki Etaireia, or "Friendly Society," with the specific aim of laying the foundations for a coordinated, armed uprising against the Turks. The three founders, Emmanuil Xanthos, Nicholas Skouphas, and ...
principal city of ancient Lycia. The ruined city, situated on a cliff above the mouth of the Koca (Xanthus) River in what is now southwestern Turkey, was designated (along with ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "murrelet") ...in Alaska are the marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), seen as far south as California, and Kittlitz's murrelet, (B. brevirostris), which reaches Japan. Most southerly is Xantus's murrelet (Endomychura hypoleucus), which ...
Brazilian Indian group speaking Xavante, a language of the Macro-Ge language family. The Xavante, who numbered about 10,000 in the early 21st century, live in the southeastern corner of Mato ... [1 Related Articles]
private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. It is affiliated with the Jesuit order (Society of Jesus) of the Roman Catholic church. The university comprises colleges of ...
the greatest Roman Catholic missionary of modern times, who was instrumental in the establishment of Christianity in India, the Malay Archipelago, and Japan. In Paris in 1534 he pronounced vows ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Northrop, John Knudsen") ...fuselage and tail. From the 1920s he experimented with several small prototypes, and during World War II he designed a bomber 172 feet (52 m) wide and 53 feet (16 ...
video game console system created by the American company Microsoft. The Xbox, Microsoft's first entry into the world of console electronic gaming, was released in 2001, which placed it in ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Computers and Information Systems") ...the $299.99 BRAVIA Internet Video Link, which enabled some of its high-definition TVs to view a limited selection of Internet videos, movie trailers, and music videos. Microsoft said that its ...
(from the article "Microsoft Corporation") In 2001 Microsoft released the Xbox, an electronic game console that quickly captured second place in the video gaming market. In 2002 Microsoft launched Xbox Live, a broadband gaming network ...
(from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") The earliest Middle Formative cultures of the Maya lowlands are called, collectively, the Xe horizon. They apparently developed from antecedent Early Formative cultures of the Maya lowlands that have been ...
long-surviving but now extinct genus of freshwater sharks. Xenacanthus survived from the end of the Devonian Period, some 360 million years ago, to about the end of the Triassic Period, ... [2 Related Articles]
Romanian-born French composer, architect, and mathematician who originated musique stochastique, music composed with the aid of electronic computers and based upon mathematical probability systems. [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Strabo") ...former tutor of the sons of Pompey (106-48 BC) in Nysa (now Sultanhisar in Turkey) on the Maeander. He moved to Rome in 44 BC to study with Tyrannion, the ...
an ancient lineage of mammals comprising the armadillos (order Cingulata) and the sloths and anteaters (order Pilosa). The namesake feature shared by all members of Xenarthra is seen in the ...
city, seat (1804) of Greene county, southwestern Ohio, U.S., near the Little Miami River, about 15 miles (25 km) east-southeast of Dayton. It was founded in 1803 by Joseph C. ...
(from the article "ancient Greek civilization") If the earlier Archaic period was an age of hospitality, the later Archaic age was an age of patronage. Instead of individual or small-scale ventures exploiting relationships of xenia (hospitality), ...
bird family of the order Passeriformes; its members are commonly known as New Zealand wrens. The three living species are the rock wren (Xenicus gilviventris) and the rare bush wren ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "cetacean") ...turtles, and others are specific to cetaceans. Commensal barnacles are most visible on humpbacks and gray whales, although they occur to a lesser extent on many other baleen and toothed ...
(from the article "soil") The presence of substances in soil that are not naturally produced by biological species is of great public concern. Many of these so-called xenobiotic (from Greek xenos, ...
Greek philosopher, pupil of Plato, and successor of Speusippus as the head of the Greek Academy, which Plato founded about 387 BC. In the company of Aristotle he left Athens ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "igneous rock") ...were not crystallized from the host magma but rather were accidentally torn from the country rock by the magma as it rose to the surface. When this has occurred, these ...
(from the article "Butler, Octavia E.") ...Kindred (1979) a contemporary black woman is sent back in time to a pre-Civil War plantation, becomes a slave, and rescues her white, slave-owning ancestor. Her later novels include the ...
(from the article "Greece") On March 3-6 PASOK held its seventh congress, adopting a new manifesto and new party statutes. Following the congress the PASOK National Council on March 16 elected as its secretary ...
rock fragment within an intrusive igneous body that is unrelated to the igneous body itself. Xenoliths, which represent pieces of older rock incorporated into the magma while it was still ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "notopterid") ...Notopterids are predacious and nocturnal and in some areas are sought as food. The largest (Notopterus chitala) may grow to a length of about 80 cm (32 inches). The species ...
chemical element, a heavy and extremely rare gas of Group 18 (noble gases) of the periodic table. It was the first noble gas found to form true chemical compounds. More ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "chemical bonding") ...is predicted and found to be a regular octahedron, and PCl5 (phosphorus pentachloride), with five bonding pairs, is predicted and found to be a trigonal bipyramid. The XeF4 (xenon tetrafluoride) ...
(from the article "xenon") Natural xenon is a mixture of nine stable isotopes in the following percentages: xenon-124 (0.096), xenon-126 (0.090), xenon-128 (1.92), xenon-129 (26.44), xenon-130 (4.08), xenon-131 (21.18), xenon-132 (26.89), xenon-134 (10.44), and ...
Greek poet and rhapsode, religious thinker, and reputed precursor of the Eleatic school of philosophy, which stressed unity rather than diversity and viewed the separate existences of material things as ... [10 Related Articles]
(from the article "snake") ...Tracheal lung present, left lung absent. Bears living young. Four fossil genera with 35 species from the Eocene to Oligocene of North America and Europe.2 species in ...
Greek historian and philosopher whose numerous surviving works are valuable for their depiction of late Classical Greece. His Anabasis ("Upcountry March") in particular was highly regarded in ... [18 Related Articles]
(from the article "Greek literature") ...the rural population. From about 1910 this critical attitude is further reflected in the prose writing of Konstantinos Chatzopoulos and Konstantinos Theotokis. Meanwhile Grigorios Xenopoulos wrote novels with an urban ...
widely distributed phosphate mineral, yttrium phosphate (YPO4), though large proportions of erbium commonly replace yttrium), that occurs as brown, glassy crystals, crystal aggregates, or rosettes in igneous rocks and associated ... [1 Related Articles]
Brazilian Indian group speaking Xerente, a Macro-Ge language. The Xerente live in northern Goias state, on a hilly upland plateau that is broken up by strips of forest that trace ... [2 Related Articles]
rare, recessively inherited skin condition in which resistance to sunlight and other radiation beyond the violet end of the spectrum is lacking. On exposure to such radiation the skin erupts ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Select nutrient-deficiency diseases") ...thereby reducing resistance to disease. Night blindness is an early sign of vitamin A deficiency, followed by abnormal dryness of the eye and ultimately scarring of the cornea, a condition ...
(from the article "bear grass") one of two species of North American plants constituting the genus Xerophyllum of the family Melanthiaceae. The western species, X. tenax, also is known as elk grass, squaw grass, and ...
any plant adapted to life in a dry or physiologically dry habitat (salt marsh, saline soil, or acid bog) by means of mechanisms to prevent water loss or to store ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "connective tissue disease") Sjogren syndrome, or sicca syndrome, is an autoimmune disorder characterized by dryness of the eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca); dryness of the mouth (xerostomia), often coupled with enlargement of the salivary glands; ...
division established in 1970 by Xerox Corporation in Palo Alto, California, U.S., to explore new information technologies that were not necessarily related to the company's core photocopier business. Many innovations ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "graphical user interface") ...Corporation's Palo Alto (California) Research Center (PARC), to which several of Engelbart's team moved in the 1970s. The new interface ideas found their way to a computer workstation called the ...
Persian king (486-465 BC), the son and successor of Darius I. He is best known for his massive invasion of Greece from across the Hellespont (480 BC), a campaign marked ... [20 Related Articles]
(from the article "Iran, ancient") The three kings that followed Xerxes on the throne-Artaxerxes I (reigned 465-425 BC), Xerxes II (425-424), and Darius II Ochus (423-404)-were all comparatively weak as individuals and as kings, and ...
a cluster of related peoples living primarily in Eastern Cape province, South Africa, and forming part of the southern Nguni group of Bantu-speaking peoples. The main Xhosa groups are the ... [13 Related Articles]
a Bantu language spoken by seven million people in South Africa, especially in Eastern province. Xhosa is a member of the Southeastern, or Nguni, subgroup of the Bantu group of ... [4 Related Articles]
