| | - Witt, Katarina
- German figure skater who was the first woman to win consecutive Olympic gold medals (1984 and 1988) in singles figure skating since Sonja Henie in 1936. The charismatic Witt defined ... [2 Related Articles]
- Witt, Otto Nikolaus
- (from the article "dye") ...conjugated double bonds: X&doublehorzbond;C&singlehorzbond;C&doublehorzbond;C&singlehorzbond;C&doublehorzbond;C&singlehorzbond; . . . , where X is carbon, oxygen, or nitrogen. In 1876 German chemist Otto Witt proposed that dyes contained conjugated systems of benzene rings ...
- Witte, Emanuel de
- Dutch painter whose scenes of church interiors represent the last phase of architectural painting in the Netherlands.
- Witte, Hans de
- (from the article "Wallenstein, Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von, Herzog von Friedland, Herzog von Mecklenburg, Furst Von Sagen") ...on the Catholic League under Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria, readily agreed to Wallenstein's proposal to raise an independent imperial army of 24,000 men without charges upon the imperial treasury: ...
- Witte, Sergey Yulyevich, Graf
- (Count) Russian minister of finance (1892-1903) and first constitutional prime minister of the Russian Empire (1905-06), who sought to wed firm authoritarian rule to modernization along Western lines. [4 Related Articles]
- Witteberg series
- uppermost member of the Cape System of sedimentary rocks in South Africa. It consists of about 805 metres (2,640 feet) of shales and sandstones and is transitional between the Late ...
- Wittelsbach, House of
- German noble family that provided rulers of Bavaria and of the Rhenish Palatinate until the 20th century. The name was taken from the castle of Wittelsbach, which formerly stood near ... [9 Related Articles]
- Witten
- city, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), northwestern Germany. It lies on the Ruhr River, bordering Dortmund (north) and Bochum (northwest). Chartered in 1825, it was severely damaged in ...
- Witten, Edward
- American mathematical physicist who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1990 for his work in superstring theory. He also received the Dirac Medal from the International Centre for Theoretical Physics ... [3 Related Articles]
- Wittenberg
- city, Saxony-Anhalt Land (state), north-central Germany. It lies on the Elbe River, southwest of Berlin. First mentioned in 1180 and chartered in 1293, it was the residence ... [1 Related Articles]
- Wittenberg Concord
- (from the article "Bucer, Martin") ...declared, "We are one, and we acknowledge and receive you as our dear brethren in the Lord." Bucer is reported to have shed tears at Luther's words. Melanchthon subsequently drew ...
- Wittenberg University
- (from the article "Wittenberg") ...First mentioned in 1180 and chartered in 1293, it was the residence of the Ascanian dukes and electors of Saxony from 1212 until it passed, with electoral Saxony, to the ...
- Wittenberg, House of
- (from the article "Germany") ...Germany the dukes of Brunswick dissipated their strength by frequent divisions of their territory among heirs. Farther east the powerful duchy of Saxony was also split by partition between the ...
- Wittenmyer, Annie Turner
- American relief worker and reformer who helped supply medical aid and dietary assistance to army hospitals during the Civil War and was subsequently an influential organizer in the temperance movement.
- Wittfogel, Karl
- (from the article "hydraulic civilization") according to the theories of the German-American historian Karl A. Wittfogel, any culture having an agricultural system that is dependent upon large-scale government-managed waterworks-productive (for irrigation) and protective (for flood ...
- Wittgenstein, Ludwig
- Austrian-born English philosopher, regarded by many as the greatest philosopher of the 20th century. Wittgenstein's two major works, Logisch-philosophische Abhandlung (1921; Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, 1922) and Philosophische Untersuchungen (published posthumously in ... [39 Related Articles]
- Wittig reaction
- (from the article "aldehyde") Another addition reaction involving a carbon nucleophile is the Wittig reaction, in which an aldehyde reacts with a phosphorane (also called a phosphorus ylide), to give a compound containing a ...
- Wittig, Georg
- German chemist whose studies of organic phosphorus compounds won him a share (with Herbert C. Brown) of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1979.
- Wittig, Monique
- French avant-garde novelist and radical feminist whose works include unconventional narratives about utopian nonhierarchical worlds, often devoid of men. [2 Related Articles]
- Wittingau, Master of
- (from the article "Bohemian school") ...substantial figures, and forceful characterization. The last major artist of the Bohemian school, who represented the third generation of artists (working between about 1380 and 1390), was the Master of ...
- Wittlin, Jozef
- Polish novelist, essayist, and poet, an Expressionist noted for his humanist views.
- Wittstock, Battle of
- (Oct. 4, 1636), military engagement of the Thirty Years' War, the greatest victory of the Swedish general Johan Baner, pupil of Gustavus II Adolphus. The battle took place at a ...
- Witu Islands
- volcanic island group of the Bismarck Archipelago, eastern Papua New Guinea, southwestern Pacific Ocean. The islands lie 40 miles (65 km) north of New Britain Island in the Bismarck Sea. ...
- Witwatersrand
- ridge of gold-bearing rock mostly in Gauteng province, South Africa. Its name means "Ridge of White Waters." The highland, which forms the watershed between the Vaal and Limpopo rivers, is ... [9 Related Articles]
- Witwatersrand System
- major division of Precambrian rocks in South Africa (the Precambrian began about 3.8 billion years ago and ended 540 million years ago). The Witwatersrand rocks overlie rocks of the Dominion ...
- Witwatersrand, University of the
- (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") Primary and secondary schools range widely in character. Racial segregation, abolished in law, remains common in practice. Facilities of higher education include the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa's premier ...
- Witwe, J. Lotz
- (from the article "glassware") ...Tiffany glasses but also their figured and heavily lustred material attracted great interest. Several factories started making a similar heavily lustred glass, including the firm of J. Lotz' Witwe of ...
- Witz, Konrad
- late Gothic Swiss painter who was one of the first European artists to incorporate realistic landscapes into religious paintings.
- Witzel, Georg
- (from the article "Christianity") Once the separation between the Roman Catholic and new Protestant churches was complete, people on both sides tried to restore unity. Roman Catholics such as Georg Witzel and George Cassander ...
- Wivallius, Lars
- Swedish poet and adventurer, whose lyrics show a feeling for the beauties of nature new to Swedish poetry in his time.
- Wiwaxia
- (from the article "Burgess Shale") ...there are many other genera that do not fit so easily into modern phyla. Such unusual fossils as Hallucigenia, a creature with a long tubular body and two rows of ...
- Wiyot
- southernmost of the Northwest Coast Indians of North America, they lived along the lower Mad River, Humboldt Bay, and lower Eel River of what is now California and spoke Wiyot, ...
- Wiyot language
- (from the article "North American Indian languages") ...in the area of northwestern California, where several small tribes have very similar cultures, but use languages of very diverse types. These are Karok, genetically classified as Hokan; Yurok and ...
- WLAC
- (from the article "WLAC") For many lovers of rock and roll, the station of choice was neither a local outlet nor a national network. It was something in between-WLAC, based in Nashville, Tennessee, which ...
- Wladyslaw I
- king of Poland (1320-33), a ruler who succeeded in bringing together a series of Polish principalities into a kingdom and laying the foundations for a strong Polish nation. [5 Related Articles]
- Wladyslaw I Herman
- (from the article "Poland") Under Boleslaw's brother and successor, Wladyslaw I Herman, claims to the royal crown and a more ambitious foreign policy were abandoned. Efforts by the palatine, Sieciech, to maintain centralized power ...
- Wladyslaw II Jagiello
- grand duke of Lithuania (as Jogaila, 1377-1401) and king of Poland (1386-1434), who joined two states that became the leading power of eastern Europe. He was the founder of Poland's ... [10 Related Articles]
- Wladyslaw II the Exile
- (from the article "Wroclaw") ...Island"). In 1109 a major attack by German forces was repelled at nearby Psie Pole. In 1138 Wroclaw became the first capital of all Silesia under the rule of the ...
- Wladyslaw III Warnenczyk
- Polish king (1434-44) who was also king of Hungary (as Ulaszlo I; 1440-44) and who attempted unsuccessfully to push the Ottoman Turks out of the Balkans. His reign was overshadowed ... [5 Related Articles]
- Wladyslaw IV Vasa
- king of Poland (1632-48), a popular monarch who did much to heal the wounds and solve the problems created by his father, Sigismund III Vasa, an obstinate man and religious ... [5 Related Articles]
- Wloclawek
- city, Kujawsko-Pomorskie wojewodztwo (province), north-central Poland, on the Vistula River.
- Wlodkowic, Pawel
- (from the article "Poland") ...opposed the ruthless rule of the Teutonic Order. Polish tolerance was manifest at the Council of Constance (1414-18), where the prominent theologian and rector of Krakow University Pawel Wlodkowic (Paulus ...
- WM formation
- (from the article "football (soccer)") Between the wars, Herbert Chapman, the astute manager of London's Arsenal club, created the WM formation, featuring five defenders and five attackers: three backs and two halves in defensive roles, ...
- Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company
- (from the article "Wrigley, William, Jr.") ...introduced in 1893. By 1908, sales of Wrigley's Spearmint were more than $1,000,000 a year. In 1911 Wrigley took over Zeno Manufacturing, the company that made his chewing gum, and ...
- WMD Civil Support Team
- (from the article "chemical weapon") ...chemical weapons, and coordinate rescue operations. Cognizant of the growing risk posed by weapons of mass destruction (WMD), the United States in 1998 authorized the creation of 10 National Guard ...
- WMMS
- (from the article "WMMS") Radio stations, as a rule, reflect and serve the local community. In Cleveland, Ohio, where Alan Freed rocked and ruled in the early 1950s, it was WMMS-FM that came to ...
- WNEW
- (from the article "WNEW") Once underground, or free-form, radio proved itself capable of attracting listeners and advertising revenue in significant numbers, radio corporations jumped onto the bandwagon. None was as successful as Metromedia, which ...
- Wo
- (from the article "Japan") Japan first appears in Chinese chronicles under the name of Wo (in Japanese, Wa). The Han histories relate that "in the seas off Lo-lang lie the people of Wo, who ...
- woad
- (Isatis tinctoria), biennial or perennial herb, in a genus of about 80 species in the mustard family (Brassicaceae), formerly grown as a source of the blue dye indigo and now ...
- Woburn
- city, Middlesex county, northeastern Massachusetts, U.S., located just north of Boston. The community, named for Woburn, England, was set off from Charlestown and incorporated as a town in 1642. Aided ...
- Woburn Abbey
- Bedfordshire, Eng., seat of the dukes of Bedford, with a house that was rebuilt from a medieval Cistercian abbey by Henry Flitcroft (in 1747-61) and Henry Holland (in 1787-88). Its ... [2 Related Articles]
- Wodehouse, Sir P.G.
- English-born comic novelist, short-story writer, lyricist, and playwright, best known as the creator of Jeeves, the supreme "gentleman's gentleman." He wrote more than 90 books and more than 20 film ...
- Woden-Weston Creek
- (from the article "Australian Capital Territory") Each of the newer urban districts of Woden-Weston Creek, Belconnen, Tuggeranong, and Gungahlin includes residential suburbs, a major regional centre, and local service centres. These districts were developed according to ...
- WoduridaR
- (from the article "Tune Stone") ...on two sides of the stone. Discovered in 1627 in southeastern Norway, it is now in Oslo. Authorities do not agree on the translation, but it is clear that WiwaR ...
- Wodzislaw Slaski
- city, Slaskie wojewodztwo (province), south-central Poland. Located in the Rybnik coal fields, it is 6 miles (10 km) north of the border with the Czech Republic and ...
- Wodziwob
- (from the article "Ghost Dance") The first Ghost Dance developed in 1869 around the dreamer Wodziwob (d. c. 1872) and in 1871-73 spread to California and Oregon tribes; it soon died out or was transformed ...
- Woertz, Patricia A.
- American businesswoman who was named president and CEO of the agricultural processing corporation Archer Daniels Midland Co. (ADM) in 2006. [1 Related Articles]
- Woese, Carl R.
- For his revolutionary discovery of what the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences termed "a third domain of life," microbiologist Carl Woese, a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, ...
- Woestijne, Karel van de
- Flemish poet whose body of work constitutes a symbolic autobiography. [1 Related Articles]
- Woffington, Peg
- Irish actress, one of the outstanding theatrical personalities of her time. [1 Related Articles]
- Wogeo
- (from the article "nature worship") ...added to the mummified dead in Egypt. The African Asante designate their patrilinear groups as ntoro, which means "water," "river," and "semen," and the Wogeo of Papua New Guinea call ...
- Wohler, Friedrich
- German chemist who was one of the finest and most prolific of the 19th century. [8 Related Articles]
- Wohlfahrtia vigil
- (from the article "flesh fly") ...exit the grasshopper and enter the pupal stage in the soil. Other species deposit eggs in wasp or bee nests. Another Sarcophaga species develops in the pitcher plant. The large ...
- Wohlgemut affair
- (from the article "Droz, Numa") prominent Swiss politician and twice federal president, who is best-remembered for his stand against the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck in the Wohlgemut affair (1889).
- Wohlstetter, Albert
- (from the article "international relations") ...as a basis of strategic stability. Bernard Brodie's treatise on nuclear deterrence was highly influential, as was the work of Herman Kahn, Glenn Snyder, Thomas C. Schelling, Henry A. Kissinger, ...
- Wohlwill process
- (from the article "gold processing") ...to recover gold values that had escaped both gravity concentration and amalgamation. With E.B. Miller's process of refining impure gold with chlorine gas (patented in Britain in 1867) and Emil ...
- Woiwode, Larry
- American writer whose semiautobiographical fiction reflects his early childhood in a tiny town on the western North Dakota plains, where five generations of his family had lived.
- Wojciechowski, Stanislaw
- one of the leaders in the struggle for Polish independence from Russia in the years before World War I. He later served as the second president of the Polish Republic ... [1 Related Articles]
- wojewodztwo
- (from the article "Poland") Local government in Poland is organized on three levels. The largest units, at the regional level, are the wojewodztwa (provinces), which were consolidated and reduced in number ...
- wok
- thin-walled cooking pan, shaped like a shallow bowl with handles, widely used in Chinese-style cooking. The wok has a round bottom that concentrates heat, cooking food quickly with relatively little ...
- Wokha
- town, Nagaland state, northeastern India, at the foot of the Wokha Hills, 50 miles (80 km) north of Kohima town. It is a trade and agricultural centre for the surrounding ...
- Woking
- borough (district), administrative and historic county of Surrey, England. Woking lies about 25 miles (40 km) southwest of London. It developed as a residential town in an attractive setting of ...
- Wokingham
- town and unitary authority, geographic and historic county of Berkshire, England. It lies 33 miles (53 km) west of London. The town of Wokingham, which lay in Windsor Royal Forest, ...
- Woko
- (from the article "Niger") ...of Lake Chad and the Niger the Buduma and Sorko peoples are fishermen. Sedentary peoples live in dwellings that vary from those made of straw to those made of banco ...
- Wolcott, Alexander
- (from the article "photography, history of") ...of the daguerreotype process to make it more feasible for portraiture, the most desired application. The earliest known photography studio anywhere opened in New York City in March 1840, when ...
- Wolcott, Oliver
- American public official who signed the Declaration of Independence (1776) and helped negotiate a settlement with the Iroquois (1784).
- Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.
- (from the article "Wolcott, Oliver") His son, Oliver Wolcott (1760-1833), continued the family tradition of public service as U.S. secretary of the Treasury (1795-1800) and governor of Connecticut (1817-27).
- Wold, Herman
- (from the article "automata theory") The Wiener and Kolmogorov research on extrapolation of time series became known as single-series prediction and owed much to the studies (1938) of a Swedish mathematician named Herman Wold, whose ...
- Wolde, Mamo
- Ethiopian long-distance runner (b. June 12, 1932, Dirre Jille, Eth.-d. May 26, 2002, Addis Ababa, Eth.), became a national hero at the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City, where he ...
- Wolde-Giyorgis, Girma
- (from the article "Ethiopia") Area: 1,127,127 sq km (435,186 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 76,512,000 | Capital: Addis Ababa | Chief of state: President Girma Wolde-Giyorgis | Head of government: Prime Minister Meles ...
- Wolds
- (from the article "East Riding of Yorkshire") From their white cliffs at Flamborough Head, the Yorkshire Wolds rise inland to an elevation of nearly 800 feet (240 metres), sweeping in a crescent west and south to the ...
- Woldstreek
- (from the article "Groningen") ...19th century. Agriculture in this region has specialized in rye, oats, and potatoes for the starch industry; this type of agriculture has been adopted by the adjoining regions of Westerwolde ...
- wolf
- any of three species of wild doglike carnivores. The gray, or timber, wolf (Canis lupus) is the best-known. It is the largest nondomestic member of the dog ... [3 Related Articles]
- Wolf Creek Crater
- huge meteorite crater 65 miles (105 km) south of Halls Creek, Western Australia. The crater is on the edge of a little-explored desert and was first sighted from an airplane ...
- Wolf Cubs
- (from the article "Baden-Powell, Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron") ...founded the Girl Guides (in the United States, Girl Scouts from 1912). His wife, Olave, Lady Baden-Powell (1889-1977), also did much to promote the Girl Guides. In 1916 he organized ...
- wolf herring
- (Chirocentrus dorab), species of fish belonging to the family Chirocentridae (order Clupeiformes). It is exclusively marine in habitat, occurring in the Indian Ocean and in the western Pacific to Japan ... [1 Related Articles]
- wolf note
- (from the article "mechanics") ...the sound box of a violin does its job well if it has a natural frequency of oscillation that responds resonantly to each musical note. Very strong resonances to certain ...
- wolf pack
- (from the article "convoy") ...rescue ships, and voice radio communications permitted convoys to be more easily coordinated, and afforded greater protection against the new German tactics of marshalling U-boats into "wolf packs" of 8 ...
- wolf snake
- any of a number of nonvenomous members of the family Colubridae, named for large teeth in both jaws. Asian wolf snakes are placed in the genera Cercaspis (one species; Sri ...
- wolf spider
- any member of the spider family Lycosidae (order Araneida), a large and widespread group. They are named for the wolflike habit of chasing and pouncing upon prey. About 125 species ... [3 Related Articles]
- Wolf v. Colorado
- (from the article "exclusionary rule") The Fourth Amendment guarantees freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures-that is, those made without a warrant signed by a judge. The U.S. Supreme Court held in Wolf v. Colorado (1949) ...
- Wolf's sunspot number
- (from the article "Wolf, Rudolf") ...the observations of the Earth's magnetism made by Johann von Lamont. In 1849 he devised a system, still in use, of gauging solar activity by counting sunspots and sunspot groups, ...
- Wolf, Alfred Peter
- American nuclear and organic chemist whose work led to advances in medical imaging, especially the development of positron emission tomography (b. Feb. 13, 1923, New York, N.Y.--d. Dec. 17, 1998, ...
- Wolf, Charles-Joseph-Etienne
- (from the article "Wolf-Rayet star") ...Sun and thousands of times more luminous. Only a few hundred are known, located mostly in the spiral arms of the Milky Way Galaxy. The type was first distinguished in ...
- Wolf, Christa
- German novelist, essayist, and screenwriter most often associated with East Germany. [2 Related Articles]
- Wolf, Daniel
- U.S. journalist who was one of the founders of the Village Voice weekly newspaper and served as its first editor, 1955-70 (b. May 25, 1915--d. April 11, 1996).
- Wolf, Eric Robert
- Austrian-born anthropologist and historian (b. Feb. 1, 1923, Vienna, Austria-d. March 6/7, 1999, Irvington, N.Y.), studied historical trends across civilizations and argued that individual cultures must be viewed in the ...
- Wolf, Friedrich August
- German classical scholar who is considered the founder of modern philology but is best known for his Prolegomena ad Homerum (1795), which created the "Homer question" in its modern form. [1 Related Articles]
- Wolf, Hazel
- Canadian-born American environmentalist (b. March 10, 1898, Victoria, B.C.-d. Jan. 19, 2000, Port Angeles, Wash.), was a longtime advocate for environmental causes. After moving to the U.S. from Canada in ...
- Wolf, Henry
- Austrian-born American graphic designer and photographer (b. May 23, 1925, Vienna, Austria-d. Feb. 14, 2005, New York, N.Y.), influenced and energized magazine design during the 1950s and '60s with his ...
- Wolf, Hugo
- composer who brought the 19th-century German lied, or art song, to its highest point of development. [2 Related Articles]
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