| | - Widnes
- town in the unitary authority of Halton, historic county of Lancashire, England. It is situated on the north bank of the River Mersey at its lowest bridging point and on ... [1 Related Articles]
- Widor, Charles-Marie
- French organist, composer, and teacher.
- Widow and Orphans Friendly Society
- (from the article "Dryden, John Fairfield") ...(small policies usually based on weekly premiums) as developed by the Prudential Assurance Company of London and by private benevolent societies. In 1873 Dryden and a few backers founded the ...
- widow orchid
- (from the article "Pleurothallis") The flowers are primarily in tints and shades of yellow combined with white, red, green, or brown. The widow orchid (P. macrophylla) is a dark, deep purple.
- widow spider
- (from the article "spider") ...(genus Latrodectus), have been determined. The various protein components of the venom affect specific organisms, different components affecting mammals and insects. Widows exhibit warning coloration as a ...
- widowhood
- (from the article "Christianity") The Christian congregation has traditionally cared for the poor, the sick, widows, and orphans. The Letter of James says: "Religion that is pure and undefiled before God is this: to ...
- Widsith
- Old English poem, probably from the 7th century, that is preserved in the Exeter Book, a 10th-century collection of Old English poetry. "Widsith" is an idealized self-portrait of a scop ... [2 Related Articles]
- Widukind
- (from the article "Germany") ...as he did when he executed 4,500 Saxons at Verden, and garrison the defense points abandoned by the Saxons. In time, resistance to the Franks gave the Saxons a kind ...
- Wie, Michelle
- (from the article "Golf") American Michelle Wie, who turned professional amid huge publicity on her 16th birthday in October 2005, had a season of near-misses on the women's circuit, finishing joint third in the ...
- Wiebe, Rudy
- (from the article "Canadian literature") ...into postmodern parodies of the quest journey. In The Temptations of Big Bear (1973), The Scorched-Wood People (1977), and A Discovery of Strangers (1994), Rudy Wiebe constructed fictional and spiritual ...
- Wieck, Friedrich
- (from the article "Schumann, Robert") ...his time was devoted not to the law but to song composition, improvisation at the piano, and attempts to write novels. For a few months he studied the piano seriously ...
- Wied, Gustav
- Danish dramatist, novelist, and satirist chiefly remembered for a series of what he called satyr-dramas.
- Wied-Neuwied, Maximilian, Prinz zu
- German aristocratic naturalist, ethnographer, and explorer whose observations on a trip to the American West in the 1830s provide valuable information about the Plains Indians at that time.
- Wiegand, Clyde E.
- U.S. physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project, which produced the atomic bomb, and later, in the 1950s, was part of a team that discovered the antiproton, using the bevatron ...
- Wiegand, Willy
- (from the article "typography") Cobden-Sanderson's influence, however, far exceeded that of Morris in Germany. The most important of the German private presses, the Bremer Presse (1911-39), conducted by Willy Wiegand, like the Doves Press, ...
- Wieland, Christoph Martin
- poet and man of letters of the German Rococo period whose work spans the major trends of his age, from rationalism and the Enlightenment to classicism and pre-Romanticism. [4 Related Articles]
- Wieland, Heinrich Otto
- German chemist, winner of the 1927 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his determination of the molecular structure of bile acids.
- Wieland, Joyce
- Canadian artist (b. June 30, 1931, Toronto, Ont.--d. June 27, 1998, Toronto), was one of Canada's most influential woman artists and produced works in a variety of media, including sculptures, ...
- Wielgus, Stanislaw
- (from the article "Religion") Polish Archbishop Stanislaw Wielgus resigned before his official installation mass in January after a historical commission reported that documents revealed his collaboration with security forces during Poland's communist rule. The ...
- Wieliczka salt mine
- (from the article "Krakow") ...University Museum, housed in the 14th-century Collegium Maius building; and the Czartoryski Museum, which has collections of Greek, Egyptian, Asian, and European art. Just outside the city lies the Wieliczka ...
- Wielkopolskie
- wojewodztwo (province), west-central Poland. One of 16 provinces created in 1999 when Poland underwent administrative reorganization, it is bordered by the provinces of Zachodniopomorskie to the northwest, ...
- Wielkopolskie Uprising
- (from the article "Wielkopolskie") During the 18th and 19th centuries industry and agriculture thrived. Many Germans migrated to the area, attempting to remake it along Prussian lines. This effort was countered by the Wielkopolskie ...
- Wielopolski, Count Aleksander
- Polish statesman who undertook a program of major internal reforms coupled with full submission to Russian domination in order to gain maximum national autonomy. [4 Related Articles]
- Wieman, Carl E.
- American physicist who, with Eric A. Cornell and Wolfgang Ketterle, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2001 for creating a new ultracold state of matter, the so-called Bose-Einstein condensate ...
- Wieman, Henry Nelson
- (from the article "religious experience") ..."religious" as a quality of experience and an attitude toward life that is more expressive of the human spirit than of any supernatural reality. Theologians Douglas Clyde Macintosh and Henry ...
- Wien's law
- (from the article "electromagnetic radiation") Wien's law of the shift of the radiative power maximum to higher frequencies as the temperature is raised expresses in a quantitative form commonplace observations. Warm objects emit infrared radiation, ...
- Wien, Wilhelm
- German physicist who received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1911 for his displacement law concerning the radiation emitted by the perfectly efficient blackbody (a surface that absorbs all radiant ... [6 Related Articles]
- Wienbarg, Ludolf
- (from the article "Young Germany") ...19th-century Germany (about 1830-50), influenced by French revolutionary ideas, which was opposed to the extreme forms of Romanticism and nationalism then current. The name was first used in Ludolf Wienbarg's ...
- Wiene, Robert
- (from the article "film noir") ...underscored by the use of stark, high-contrast lighting-the most notable visual feature of film noir. The shadowy noir style can be traced to the German Expressionist cinema of the silent ...
- Wiener Neustadt
- city, northeastern Austria. It lies near the Leitha River south of Vienna. Founded in 1194 by the Babenberg duke Leopold V, it was chartered in 1277 and had a mint ...
- Wiener pfennig
- (from the article "Austria") ...VI. England had to pay a heavy ransom, a share of which Leopold obtained and invested in the foundation, extension, and fortification of towns as well as in the stamping ...
- Wiener schnitzel
- (from the article "veal") ...is often served rare in European countries but is usually thoroughly cooked in the U.S. Cuts such as the leg, loin, shoulder, and breast are usually roasted, often boned and ...
- Wiener, Norbert
- American mathematician who established the science of cybernetics. He attained international renown by formulating some of the most important contributions to mathematics in the 20th century. [8 Related Articles]
- Wiener-Hopf integral equation
- (from the article "automata theory") ...in a limited sense some years before Wiener's work on cybernetics. In 1931 Wiener had collaborated with an Austrian-born U.S. mathematician, Eberhard Hopf, to solve what is now called the ...
- Wienerisch
- (from the article "Vienna") Wienerisch, the Viennese speech and accent, reveals social levels and origins. It also demonstrates that the people of Vienna have in their time been governed by Romans, Italians, Spanish, French, ...
- Wieniawski, Henryk
- Polish violinist and composer, one of the most celebrated violinists of the 19th century.
- Wieprecht, Wilhelm
- (from the article "tuba") ...of a straight-built Roman trumpet and was the medieval Latin word for trumpet. Valved bass brass instruments for bands are mentioned as early as 1829, but little is now known ...
- Wieringermeer Polder
- (from the article "IJsselmeer Polders") ...a dam (Afsluitdijk; completed 1932) enclosing the IJsselmeer and the subsequent land reclamation of its rich marine clay, began in 1920, following the plans of engineer-statesman Cornelis Lely. The Wieringermeer ...
- Wierwille, Victor Paul
- (from the article "The Way International") Christian evangelical group founded in 1942 as Vesper Chimes, a radio ministry broadcast from Lima, Ohio, by Victor Paul Wierwille (1916-85). Its current headquarters are in New Knoxville, Ohio; estimates ...
- Wierzynski, Kazimierz
- a member of the group of Polish poets called Skamander.
- Wies
- (from the article "Rococo style") ...Francois de Cuvillies. Among the finest German Rococo pilgrimage churches are the Vierzehnheiligen (1743-72), near Lichtenfels, in Bavaria, designed by Balthasar Neumann, and the Wieskirche (begun 1745-54), near Munich, built ...
- Wiesbaden
- city, capital of Hesse Land (state), southern Germany. It is situated on the right (east) bank of the Rhine River at the southern foot of the Taunus ...
- Wieschaus, Eric F.
- American developmental biologist who shared the 1995 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, with geneticists Edward B. Lewis and Christiane Nusslein-Volhard (qq.v.), for discovering the genetic controls of early embryonic ... [2 Related Articles]
- Wiesel, Elie
- Romanian-born Jewish writer, whose works provide a sober yet passionate testament of the destruction of European Jewry during World War II. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in ... [2 Related Articles]
- Wiesel, Torsten Nils
- Swedish neurobiologist, corecipient with David Hunter Hubel and Roger Wolcott Sperry of the 1981 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. All three scientists were honoured for their investigations of brain ... [2 Related Articles]
- Wiesenthal, Simon
- founder and head (1961-2003) of the Jewish Documentation Centre in Vienna. Wiesenthal was a longtime Nazi-hunter who, with the cooperation of the Israeli, West German, and other governments, tracked down ... [1 Related Articles]
- Wieser, Friedrich von
- economist who was one of the principal members of the Austrian school of economics, along with Carl Menger and Eugen von Bohm-Bawerk. [1 Related Articles]
- Wiest, Dianne
- (from the article "1986: Best Supporting Actress") Other NomineesOscar for best supporting actress, 19941994: Best Supporting Actress Other Nominees
- wife
- (from the article "dowry") One of the basic functions of a dowry has been to serve as a form of protection for the wife against the very real possibility of ill treatment by her ...
- WiFi
- (from the article "computer") A recent standard for wireless Ethernet, known as WiFi, is becoming common for small office and home networks. Using frequencies from 2.4 to 5 gigahertz (GHz), such networks can transfer ...
- Wifred
- (from the article "Spain") However, Asturian leadership did not go unchallenged: King Sancho I Garces (905-926) began to forge a strong Basque kingdom with its centre at Pamplona in Navarre, and Count Wilfred of ...
- wig
- manufactured head covering of real or artificial hair worn in the theatre, as personal adornment, disguise, or symbol of office, or for religious reasons. The wearing of wigs dates from ... [4 Related Articles]
- Wigan
- (from the article "Wigan") town and metropolitan borough in the northwestern part of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, historic county of Lancashire, England. It lies along the River Douglas and the Leeds and ...
- Wigan
- town and metropolitan borough in the northwestern part of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, historic county of Lancashire, England. It lies along the River Douglas and the Leeds and ...
- wigeon
- any of four species of dabbling ducks (family Anatidae), popular game birds and excellent table fare. The European wigeon (Anas, or Mareca, penelope) ranges across the Palaearctic and is occasionally ...
- Wiggin, Kate Douglas
- American author who led the kindergarten education movement in the United States.
- Wiggins, David
- (from the article "ethics") ...to call "true" those judgments that reflect an appropriate "sensibility" to the relevant circumstances. Accordingly, the philosophers who adopted this approach, notably David Wiggins and John McDowell, were sometimes referred ...
- Wiggins, J Russell
- American journalist, newspaper editor, and statesman (b. Dec. 4, 1904, Luverne, Minn.-d. Nov. 12, 2000, Brooklin, Maine), helped transform the Washington Post from a relatively obscure newspaper into one that ...
- wiggler indicator
- (from the article "gauge") ...measurement, but some gauges show only whether the deviation is within a certain range. They include dial indicators, in which movement of a gauging spindle deflects a pointer on a ...
- Wigglesworth, Michael
- British-American clergyman, physician, and author of rhymed treatises expounding Puritan doctrines.
- Wigglesworth, Sir Vincent
- English entomologist, noted for his contribution to the study of insect physiology. His investigations of the living insect body and its tissues and organs revealed much about the dynamic complexity ... [1 Related Articles]
- Wight, Isle of
- island and unitary authority, part of the historic county of Hampshire, lying off the south coast of England, in the English Channel. The island is separated from the mainland by ... [2 Related Articles]
- Wight, Peter B.
- (from the article "Western architecture") ...Potter, a pupil of Upjohn. The banded and pointed arches of this building suggest the influence of Ruskin. More successful-and controversial-as an exponent of the Ruskinian aesthetic was Peter B. ...
- Wightman Cup
- trophy awarded the winner of women's tennis matches held annually from 1923 to 1989 between British and American teams. A competition comprised five singles and two doubles matches. The cup ... [2 Related Articles]
- Wightman, Hazel Hotchkiss
- American tennis player who dominated women's competition before World War I. Known as the "queen mother of American tennis," she was instrumental in organizing the Wightman Cup match between British ...
- Wigley, Tom
- (from the article "The Kyoto Protocol: What Next?") Third, and perhaps most crucial, even complete success in meeting the emissions targets under the protocol would do little to address projected climate change. In 1998 Tom Wigley, a scientist ...
- Wigman, Mary
- German dancer, a pioneer of the modern expressive dance as developed in central Europe. [4 Related Articles]
- Wigmore, John Henry
- American legal scholar and teacher whose 10-volume Treatise on the Anglo-American System of Evidence in Trials at Common Law (1904-05), usually called Wigmore on ...
- Wigner effect
- (from the article "radiation") ...of fast neutrons, suggested in 1942 that the process of energy transfer by collision from neutron to atom might result in important physical and chemical changes. The phenomenon, known as ...
- Wigner, Eugene Paul
- Hungarian-born American physicist, joint winner, with J. Hans D. Jensen of West Germany and Maria Goeppert Mayer of the United States, of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1963. He ... [4 Related Articles]
- Wigry National Park
- (from the article "Podlaskie") ...the oldest in Poland and contains the largest stand of virgin (old-growth) forest in Europe. The Biebrza and Narew national parks both protect wetland areas known for an abundance of ...
- Wigry, Lake
- (from the article "Podlaskie") ...lakes, marshland, and peat bogs. The North Podlasian Lowland occupies the south-central part of the province. To the north is a portion of the Masurian Lakeland. The largest lake in ...
- Wigtownshire
- historic county at the southwestern tip of Scotland, facing the Irish Sea to the south and the North Channel to the west. It is the western portion of the historic ...
- Wihtred
- king of Kent who came to the throne in 691 or 692 after a period of anarchy. [1 Related Articles]
- Wii
- (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") With its Wii video-game console, Nintendo emerged during the year as the unexpected winner of the video-game machine wars. Wii lacked state-of-the-art graphics but provided entertaining game play for the ...
- Wii Fit
- interactive electronic fitness game released in 2007 by the Nintendo Company Ltd. for their Wii gaming system.
- Wii Sports
- electronic game created by Japanese designer Eguchi Katsuya and produced by Nintendo for the 2006 launch of the Nintendo Wii video game console. Wii Sports features five individual games that ...
- Wiitiko
- (from the article "American Subarctic peoples") Three of the most popular characters in Algonquian folklore are Wiitiko (Windigo), a terrifying cannibalistic giant apt to be encountered in the forest; Tcikapis, a kindly, powerful young hero and ...
- Wiitiko psychosis
- (from the article "American Subarctic peoples") ...giant apt to be encountered in the forest; Tcikapis, a kindly, powerful young hero and the subject of many myths; and Wiskijan (Whiskeyjack), an amusing trickster (see trickster tale). "Wiitiko ...
- Wijdenbosch, Jules
- (from the article "Suriname") ...Bouterse had retained broad appeal in Suriname; he served as president of the National Democratic Party (Nationale Democratische Partij; NDP) and was widely viewed as the real power behind Jules ...
- Wijetunga, Dingiri Banda
- Sri Lankan politician brought stability to Sri Lanka as the country's head of state (May 7, 1993-Nov. 12, 1994) during the crucial period immediately following the assassination on May 1, ...
- wiki
- World Wide Web (WWW) site that can be modified or contributed to by users. Wikis can be dated to 1995, when American computer programmer Ward Cunningham created a new collaborative ... [3 Related Articles]
- Wikia, Inc.
- (from the article "Wales, Jimmy") ...online enterprises. He extended the wiki model to several other projects, including Wiktionary and Wikinews. In 2004 he cofounded with Angela Beesley the for-profit Wikia, Inc.
- Wikipedia
- free, Internet-based encyclopaedia operating under an open-source management style. It is overseen by the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation. Wikipedia uses a collaborative software known as wiki that facilitates ... [4 Related Articles]
- Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Ulrich von
- German classical scholar and teacher whose studies advanced knowledge in the historical sciences of metrics, epigraphy, papyrology, topography, and textual criticism. [2 Related Articles]
- Wilander, Mats
- (from the article "Australian Open Tennis Championships-singles") ...in the 1980s. Borg inspired a new wave of players in Sweden. A sophisticated junior-development system created a group of Swedish players-led by 1982, 1985, and 1988 French Open champion ...
- wilayah
- (from the article "Tunisia") The country is divided into 24 administrative areas called wilayat (provinces; singular wilayah), each of which is headed by a wali ...
- Wilberforce University
- private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Wilberforce, Ohio, U.S. It is affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Wilberforce, the oldest historically black private college in the United States, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Wilberforce, Samuel
- British cleric, an Anglican prelate and educator and a defender of orthodoxy, who typified the ideal bishop of the Victorian era. He was a major figure in the preservation of ... [3 Related Articles]
- Wilberforce, William
- British politician and philanthropist who from 1787 was prominent in the struggle to abolish the slave trade and then to abolish slavery itself in British overseas possessions. [4 Related Articles]
- Wilbur, Earl Morse
- (from the article "Unitarianism and Universalism") The Unitarian theologian Earl Morse Wilbur (1866-1956) advanced the thesis, now widely accepted, that the history of Unitarianism in Poland, Transylvania, England, and America gains unity from certain common themes. ...
- Wilbur, John
- (from the article "Friends United Meeting") ...presiding, gave more attention to creeds and scripture rather than concentrating on the Inner Light, and developed more active social and mission programs. A reaction to this movement was led ...
- Wilbur, Richard
- American poet associated with the New Formalist movement. [2 Related Articles]
- Wilburite
- (from the article "Friends United Meeting") ...A reaction to this movement was led by John Wilbur, a Friends minister who stressed traditional Friends teachings and mode of worship. This reaction led to further schism and the ...
- Wilbye, John
- English composer, one of the finest madrigalists of his time.
- Wilcox, Desmond John
- British television executive and documentarian (b. May 21, 1931, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, Eng.-d. Sept. 6, 2000, London, Eng.), made memorable television documentaries noted for their humanitarian aspects, among them ...
- Wilcox, Ella Wheeler
- American poet and journalist who is perhaps best remembered for verse tinged with an eroticism that, while rather oblique, was still unconventional for her time.
- Wilcox, Harvey
- (from the article "Hollywood") ...The first house in Hollywood was an adobe building (1853) on a site near Los Angeles, then a small city in the new state of California. Hollywood was laid out ...
- Wilcox, Thomas
- (from the article "Parliament, Admonition to") Puritan manifesto, published in 1572 and written by the London clergymen John Field and Thomas Wilcox, that demanded that Queen Elizabeth I restore the "purity" of New Testament worship in ...
- Wilcoxon signed-rank test
- (from the article "statistics") The Wilcoxon signed-rank test can be used to test hypotheses about two populations. In collecting data for this test, each element or experimental unit in the sample must generate two ...
- Wilczek, Frank
- American physicist who, with David J. Gross and H. David Politzer, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2004 for discoveries regarding the strong force-the nuclear force that binds ... [3 Related Articles]
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