| | - Wettstein, Johann Rudolf
- burgomaster of Basel who, at the close of the Thirty Years' War, represented the Swiss Confederation at the Congress of Westphalia (in Munster, 1647-48), where he secured European recognition of ...
- Wetzler, Alfred
- (from the article "Why wasn't Auschwitz bombed?") On April 10, 1944, two men escaped from Auschwitz: Rudolph Vrba and Alfred Wetzler. They made contact with Slovak resistance forces and produced a substantive report on the extermination camp ...
- Wetzstein, Johann Gottfried
- Orientalist who propounded (1873) a "literal" interpretation of the Song of Solomon, which, despite its presence in the Old Testament, he read as an anthology of love songs having no ...
- Wewak
- coastal town, island of New Guinea, northern Papua New Guinea, southwestern Pacific Ocean. Wewak is situated near the mouth of the Sepik River. Economic activities are limited due to primitive ... [1 Related Articles]
- Wewoka
- city, seat (1907) of Seminole county, east-central Oklahoma, U.S. Founded by the offspring of African Americans and Creek Indians in 1843, the town takes its name from a Creek village ...
- Wexford
- county in the province of Leinster, southeastern Ireland. It is bounded on the east and south by the Irish Sea and from west to north by Counties Kilkenny, Carlow, and ...
- Wexford
- seaport and county seat, County Wexford, Ireland, on the River Slaney. The name Wexford derives from the Norse settlement of Waesfjord. It was an early colony of the English, having ... [1 Related Articles]
- Wexford Opera Festival
- (from the article "Ireland") The Wexford Opera Festival, held annually in the fall, draws a large international audience. Of particular importance is St. Patrick's Day (March 17), honouring the country's patron saint. Whereas overseas ...
- Wexler, Haskell
- (from the article "1966: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: Claude Lelouch and Pierre Uytterhoeven for A Man and a WomanAdapted Screenplay: Robert Bolt for A Man for All SeasonsCinematography, Black-and-White: Haskell Wexler for Who's Afraid of Virginia ...
- Wexler, Jerry
- American record producer and music journalist coined the term rhythm and blues (R&B) in 1949 while working as a reporter for Billboard magazine; four years later he ... [7 Related Articles]
- Wexler, Milton
- American psychoanalyst launched the Hereditary Disease Foundation during the 1970s in an effort to seek a cure for Huntington disease, a relatively rare progressive and invariably fatal hereditary neurological ...
- Wexler, Sy
- American filmmaker (b. Oct. 6, 1916, New York, N.Y.-d. March 10, 2005, Los Angeles, Calif.), produced more than 300 training, educational, and documentary films for students and physicians during the ...
- Weybright, Victor
- (from the article "publishing, history of") ...the original cover design was attractive in the bold simplicity of its orange and white stripes. A U.S. agency was arranged shortly before World War II and was later taken ...
- Weyden, Rogier van der
- Flemish painter who, with the possible exception of Jan van Eyck, was the most influential northern European artist of his time. Though most of his work was religious, he produced ... [8 Related Articles]
- Weyergans, Francois
- (from the article "Literature") In 2005 two of the most prestigious literary prizes crowned autobiofictions. Francois Weyergans won the Prix Goncourt for his Trois jours chez ma mere, in which the author's alter ego, ...
- Weyerhaeuser Company
- (from the article "Business Overview") ...manufacturers, but the duties were later removed when the U.S. International Trade Commission ruled against them. Meanwhile, the housing slump hurt a number of wood-product manufacturers, such as Weyerhaeuser, whose ...
- Weyerhaeuser, Frederick
- American lumber capitalist who put together a syndicate owning millions of acres of timberland, as well as sawmills, paper mills, and other processing plants.
- Weygand, Maxime
- French army officer who in World War I served as chief of staff under Gen. (later Marshal) Ferdinand Foch and who in World War II, as commander in chief of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Weyl, Carl J.
- (from the article "1938: Other Winners") ...Cecil Lewis, W.P. Lipscomb for PygmalionOriginal Story: Eleanore Griffin and Dore Schary for Boys TownCinematography: Joseph Ruttenberg for The Great WaltzArt Direction: Carl J. Weyl for The Adventures of Robin ...
- Weyl, Hermann
- German American mathematician who, through his widely varied contributions in mathematics, served as a link between pure mathematics and theoretical physics, in particular adding enormously to quantum mechanics and the ... [6 Related Articles]
- Weyler y Nicolau, Valeriano, Marques De Tenerife
- Spanish general who, as captain general of Cuba shortly before the outbreak of the Spanish-American War (1898), used stern antirebel measures that were exploited by U.S. newspapers to inflame public ... [3 Related Articles]
- Weymouth
- town (township), Norfolk county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies on Hingham Bay and the Weymouth Fore and Weymouth Back rivers, just southeast of Boston. The township embraces the villages of ...
- Weymouth and Portland
- borough (district), administrative and historic county of Dorset, southern England, on the English Channel. Bronze Age weapons and Roman interments have been found on the site. Weymouth's first specific charter ...
- Weymouth, Richard Francis
- philologist and biblical scholar who made one of the major 20th-century translations of the New Testament into modern English. After graduation from University College, London, he received the first Doctor ...
- Weyprecht, Karl
- Arctic explorer who discovered Franz Josef Land, an archipelago north of Russia, and who advanced a successful scheme for international cooperation in polar scientific investigations. [1 Related Articles]
- WFMT
- (from the article "Terkel, Studs") In 1945 Terkel began his long association with the Chicago fine arts radio station WFMT by inaugurating The Wax Museum, a program that brought out his knack ...
- WH Smith
- (from the article "Media and Publishing") In April a bid worth £940 million (£1 = about $1.80) was tabled for the whole of WH Smith (including Hodder Headline) by venture group Permira. In August, however, WH Smith agreed ...
- whale
- any of the larger species of aquatic mammals belonging to the order Cetacea. The term whale can be used in reference to any cetacean, including porpoises and dolphins, but in ... [21 Related Articles]
- Whale
- (from the article "Mulberry") Each Mulberry harbour consisted of roughly 6 miles (10 km) of flexible steel roadways (code-named Whales) that floated on steel or concrete pontoons (called Beetles). The roadways terminated at great ...
- whale catcher
- (from the article "whaling") ...1860s, but these were of limited success. A Norwegian, Svend Foyn, brought whaling into the modern age with the construction of his 86-ton, seven-knot Spes et Fides, the first steam-powered ...
- whale louse
- (family Cyamidae), any of a small group of highly specialized peracaridan crustaceans (order Amphipoda) related to the familiar skeleton shrimp found in shallow marine habitats. Whale lice are external parasites ... [1 Related Articles]
- whale oil
- any oil derived from any species of whale, including sperm oil from sperm whales, train oil from baleen whales, and melon oil from small toothed whales. [2 Related Articles]
- whale shark
- (Rhincodon typus), gigantic but harmless shark (family Rhincodontidae) found worldwide but mainly in the tropics. The largest of living fishes, it often grows to about 9 m (30 feet) long ... [4 Related Articles]
- whaleboat
- light, swift, rowing and sailing boat fitted with a centreboard (retractable keel), initially developed for use by whaling crews and now used more generally. Its double-ended, broad-beamed design is reminiscent ...
- whalebone
- series of stiff keratinous plates in the mouths of baleen whales, used to strain plankton from seawater. Whalebone was once important in the production of corsets, brushes, and other goods. [5 Related Articles]
- Whalen, Philip
- American poet who emerged from the Beat movement of the mid 20th century, known for his wry and innovative poetry. [2 Related Articles]
- Whales, Bay of
- former indentation in the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. First seen by the British explorer Sir James Clark Ross in 1842 and visited by a fellow countryman, Ernest Henry (later Sir ...
- whaling
- the hunting of whales for food and oil. Whaling was once conducted around the world by seafaring nations in pursuit of the giant animals that seemed as limitless as the ... [18 Related Articles]
- whaling dance
- (from the article "Native American dance") Formerly, Eskimos held elaborate outdoor ceremonies for whale catches and similar events. In Alaska, preliminaries included the rhythmic mime of a successful whale catch, with a woman in the role ...
- Whampoa Academy
- (from the article "Lin Biao") ...Yat-sen until his death in March 1925, had secured the assistance of the Soviet Union and the cooperation of the CCP and were then preparing a military expedition from their ...
- Whampoa, Treaty of
- (from the article "Unequal Treaty") Over the next few years China concluded a series of similar treaties with other powers; the most important treaties were the Treaty of Wanghia with the United States and the ...
- wharf
- (from the article "dock") At locations where the conformation of the shore and depth of water do not favour economical construction of a quay wall, a wharf, consisting of a trestle-mounted rectangular platform running ...
- Wharfe, River
- river in the historic county of Yorkshire in north-central England. It rises in the Pennines in the administrative county of North Yorkshire and then flows 60 miles (97 km) southeast ...
- Wharfedale
- upper valley of the River Wharfe within the Pennine uplands, in the historic county of Yorkshire, England, noted for its scenic attractions. The valley descends from the western part of ...
- Wharton Model
- (from the article "Klein, Lawrence Robert") Klein's research produced a series of increasingly detailed and sophisticated models of economic activity. The Wharton Models found wide use in forecasting gross national product, exports, investment, and consumption. A ...
- Wharton's duct
- (from the article "salivary gland") ...of the mouth cavity near the second upper molar. The second pair, the submaxillary glands, also called submandibular glands, are located along the side of the lower jawbone. The major ...
- Wharton, Edith
- American author best known for her stories and novels about the upper-class society into which she was born. [1 Related Articles]
- Wharton, Philip Wharton, 4th Baron
- prominent English reforming peer from the English Civil Wars to the Glorious Revolution of 1688-89.
- Wharton, Thomas, 1st Marquess of Wharton
- English peer who was one of the principal Whig politicians after the Glorious Revolution (1688-89). [1 Related Articles]
- Wharton, William
- American novelist and painter best known for his innovative first novel, Birdy (1979; filmed 1984), a critical and popular success.
- Whately, Richard
- Anglican archbishop of Dublin, educator, logician, and social reformer. [4 Related Articles]
- Whatizit
- (from the article "Olympic Games") ...or animals especially associated with the host country. Thus, Moscow chose a bear, Norway two figures from Norwegian mythology, and Sydney three animals native to Australia. The strangest mascot was ...
- whatnot
- series of open shelves supported by two or four upright posts. The passion for collecting and displaying ornamental objects that began in the 18th century and was widespread in the ...
- wheal-and-flare reaction
- (from the article "immune system disorder") ...acute asthma. If the antigen is injected beneath the skin-for example, by the sting of an insect or in the course of some medical procedure-the local reaction may be extensive. ...
- wheat
- cereal grass of the Gramineae (Poaceae) family and of the genus Triticum and its edible grain, one of the oldest and most important of the cereal crops. [19 Related Articles]
- Wheat Belt
- principal crop-growing region of Western Australia, occupying about 60,000 square miles (160,000 square km) in the southwestern section of the state. Served by the Perth-Albany Railway, the crescent-shaped belt is ... [1 Related Articles]
- Wheat Belt
- the part of the North American Great Plains where wheat is the dominant crop. The belt extends along a north-south axis for more than 1,500 miles (2,400 km) from central ...
- wheat bug
- (from the article "cereal farming") Many wheats in central Europe and the Middle East have shown evidence of attacks from the wheat bug (Weizen-wanze, or ble punaise). The two main varieties are the Aelia and ...
- wheat flake
- (from the article "cereal processing") The manufacture of wheat flakes is similar to that of corn flakes. Special machinery separates the individual grains so that they can be flaked and finally toasted.
- Wheat Mother
- (from the article "Rice Mother") ...rice that is ritually cut and dressed as a woman. This is believed to contain the concentrated soul-stuff of the field (analogous customs occur in peasant Europe, where the last ...
- wheatear
- (genus Oenanthe), any of a group of 19 species of thrushes belonging to the family Turdidae. They resemble wagtails in having pied plumage and the tail-wagging habit (with body bobbing). ... [1 Related Articles]
- wheatgrass
- (genus Agropyron), any of a number of species of wheatlike grasses in the family Poaceae, found throughout the North Temperate Zone. The plants are perennials, 30 to 100 cm (about ... [1 Related Articles]
- Wheatley, John
- British Labourite politician, champion of the working classes. [1 Related Articles]
- Wheatley, L. Allen
- (from the article "Dependent States") The trial of former British Virgin Islands (BVI) financial secretary L. Allen Wheatley ended in January with his receiving a nine-month jail sentence for having approved an airport telecommunications contract ...
- Wheatley, Paul
- (from the article "urban culture") Continuing Redfield and Singer's concern for the cultural role of cities within their societies, Paul Wheatley in The Pivot of the Four Quarters (1971) has taken the earliest form of ...
- Wheatley, Phillis
- the first black woman poet of note in the United States. [1 Related Articles]
- Wheaton
- city, seat (1867) of DuPage county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. It is a suburb of Chicago, located about 25 miles (40 km) west of downtown. The first settlers (1837) were Erastus ...
- Wheaton College
- private, coeducational liberal arts college in Wheaton, Illinois, U.S. Wheaton College began as a preparatory school, the Illinois Institute, built by Wesleyan Methodists in 1854. It became a college in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Wheaton College
- private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Norton, Massachusetts, U.S. It is a liberal arts college offering bachelor's degree programs in such areas as biological and physical sciences, computer science, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Wheaton, Henry
- American maritime jurist, diplomat, and author of a standard work on international law.
- Wheatstone bridge
- (from the article "bridge") ...Christie and popularized in 1843 by Sir Charles Wheatstone, measures resistance by comparing the current flowing through one part of the bridge with a known current flowing through another part. ...
- Wheatstone, Sir Charles
- English physicist who popularized the Wheatstone bridge, a device that accurately measured electrical resistance and became widely used in laboratories. [7 Related Articles]
- wheel
- a circular frame of hard material that may be solid, partly solid, or spoked and that is capable of turning on an axle. [6 Related Articles]
- wheel and axle
- basic machine component for amplifying force. In its earliest form it was probably used for raising weights or water buckets from wells. Its principle of operation is demonstrated by the ...
- wheel bug
- (from the article "assassin bug") The wheel bug (Arilus cristatus) is recognized by the notched crest on the top of the thorax. The adult is gray and quite large (about 25 mm); the nymph is ...
- wheel lock
- device for igniting the powder in a firearm such as a musket. It was developed in about 1515. The wheel lock struck a spark to ignite powder on the pan ... [1 Related Articles]
- wheel tree
- (from the article "Trochodendrales") Despite the primitive wood, both species have flowers that are considered quite specialized. Trochodendron aralioides, of South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, is a small broadleaf evergreen tree up to 12 ...
- wheelchair fencing
- (from the article "fencing") One of fencing's most recent developments is that of wheelchair fencing. German-born English neurosurgeon Sir Ludwig Guttman introduced wheelchair fencing at Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Aylesbury, England. Fencing was one ...
- Wheeldon, Christopher
- To many knowledgeable balletomanes the premiere of Scenes de ballet in 1999 by students of the School of American Ballet, the official school of the New York ... [3 Related Articles]
- wheeled armoured carrier
- (from the article "tank") In addition to tracked armoured carriers or infantry fighting vehicles, which were intended to cooperate closely with tanks, most armies also developed wheeled armoured carriers for more general use. Examples ...
- wheeled plow
- (from the article "work, history of the organization of") The wheeled plow, gradually introduced over several centuries, further reinforced communal work organization. Earlier plows had merely scratched the surface of the soil. The new plow was equipped with a ...
- wheeler
- (from the article "driving and coaching") ...harness, or, less commonly, one following the other in a tandem. Four horses, or a four-in-hand, are harnessed in two pairs, one following the other, and called, respectively, the leaders ...
- Wheeler Peak
- (from the article "bristlecone pine") ...southwestern United States, occurring usually at elevations above 1,700 metres (5,500 feet). P. longaeva has the longest life-span of any conifer known. A stand of western bristlecone pine on Wheeler ...
- Wheeler Peak
- highest point (13,161 feet [4,011 metres]) in New Mexico, U.S. The peak is located in Taos county, 70 miles (113 km) north-northeast of Santa Fe, in the Sangre de Cristo ... [2 Related Articles]
- Wheeler, George M.
- (from the article "Rocky Mountains") ...Civil War: the survey of the 40th parallel led by Clarence King (1867-78), the geologic survey of Nebraska and Wyoming led by Ferdinand Hayden (1867-78), the 100th-meridian survey led by ...
- Wheeler, Harvey
- American political scientist and writer (b. Oct. 17, 1918, Waco, Texas-d. Sept. 6, 2004, Carpinteria, Calif.), was the author of numerous nonfiction political science books but was best known for ...
- Wheeler, John Archibald
- physicist, the first American involved in the theoretical development of the atomic bomb. He also originated a novel approach to the unified field theory and came up with the term ... [3 Related Articles]
- Wheeler, Joseph
- Confederate cavalry general during the American Civil War. [1 Related Articles]
- Wheeler, Lyle
- (from the article "1939: Other Winners") ...Goes to WashingtonCinematography, Black-and-White: Gregg Toland for Wuthering HeightsCinematography, Color: Ernest Haller and Ray Rennahan for Gone with the WindArt Direction: Lyle Wheeler for Gone with the WindOriginal Score: Herbert ...
- Wheeler, Mount
- (from the article "Taos") ...Mountains. The Sangre de Cristo range in the eastern portion of the county features high, aspen-covered mountainsides; much of it is more than 10,000 feet (3,000 m) above sea level, ...
- Wheeler, Sir Mortimer
- British archaeologist noted for his discoveries in Great Britain and India and for his advancement of scientific method in archaeology. [2 Related Articles]
- Wheeler, William A
- 19th vice president of the United States (1877-81) who, with Republican President Rutherford B. Hayes, took office by the decision of an Electoral Commission appointed to rule on contested electoral ...
- Wheeler, William Morton
- American entomologist recognized as one of the world's foremost authorities on ants and other social insects. Two of his works, Ants: Their Structure, Development, and Behavior (1910) and Social Life ...
- Wheeler-Hill, James
- (from the article "German-American Bund") In 1939 the Bund's national leader, Fritz Julius Kuhn, was prosecuted for grand larceny (misappropriating Bund money) and forgery; in 1940 its national secretary, James Wheeler-Hill, was convicted of perjury. ...
- Wheeling
- city, seat of Ohio county, in the northern panhandle of West Virginia, U.S., on the Ohio River (there bridged to Martins Ferry, Bridgeport, and Bellaire, Ohio). The site was settled ...
- Wheeling Conventions
- (from the article "West Virginia") ...War fueled new desires for a politically separate western area. At the Virginia secession convention of April 1861, a majority of the western delegates opposed secession. Subsequent meetings at Wheeling ...
- Wheelock College
- (from the article "Wheelock, Lucy") ...of the League of Nations. She retired as director of the Wheelock School in 1939. The school, which then had 325 students and 23 faculty members, was incorporated in that ...
- Wheelock, Eleazar
- American educator who was founder and first president of Dartmouth College. [2 Related Articles]
- Wheelock, John
- (from the article "Dartmouth College case") ...could not be impaired by the New Hampshire legislature. The charter vested control of the college in a self-perpetuating board of trustees, which, as a result of a religious controversy, ...
- Wheelock, Lucy
- American educator who was an important figure in the developmental years of the kindergarten movement in the United States.
- wheelwork
- (from the article "clock") The wheelwork, or train, of a clock is the series of moving wheels (gears) that transmit motion from a weight or spring, via the escapement, to the minute and hour ...
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