| | - Welcker, Friedrich Gottlieb
- (from the article "classical scholarship") ...of the different parts of Greece, which he believed could shed much light on early history. He was a strong upholder of the importance of art and archaeology in the ...
- Welcome
- (from the article "metalwork") ...The guilds, for instance, commissioned drinking vessels in the shape of larger than life-size versions of the tools of their trade or their coats of arms. Another type of vessel ...
- Weld, Sir Frederick Aloysius
- politician, statesman, and prime minister of New Zealand (1864-65), whose "self-reliant" policy was that the colony have full responsibility for the conduct of all Maori affairs, including the settlement of ...
- Weld, Theodore Dwight
- American antislavery crusader in the pre-Civil War period. [1 Related Articles]
- welded rail
- (from the article "railroad") One of the most important developments is the welding of standard rails into long lengths. This continuous welded rail results in a smoother track that requires less maintenance. The rail ...
- welded tuff
- (from the article "welded tuff") rock composed of compacted volcanic ejecta (see tuff).formationtuff...many kilometres at speeds greater than 160 km (100 miles)
- welding
- technique used for joining metallic parts usually through the application of heat. This technique was discovered during efforts to manipulate iron into useful shapes. Welded blades were developed in the ... [10 Related Articles]
- Weldon, Fay
- British novelist, playwright, and television and radio scriptwriter known for her thoughtful and witty stories of contemporary women.
- Weldon, Walter F. R.
- (from the article "Pearson, Karl") ...emphasizing especially the importance of quantification for biology, medicine, and social science. It was the problem of measuring the effects of natural selection, brought to him by his colleague Walter ...
- Welensky, Sir Roy
- Northern Rhodesian trade unionist and statesman who helped found the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland and served as its deputy minister (1953-56) and prime minister (1956-63).
- Welf Dynasty
- dynasty of German nobles and rulers who were the chief rivals of the Hohenstaufens in Italy and central Europe in the Middle Ages and who later included the Hanoverian Welfs, ... [5 Related Articles]
- Welf I
- (from the article "Henry IV") ...plotting the murder of the King (1070). Then a rebellion broke out among the Saxons, which in 1073 spread so rapidly that Henry had to escape to Worms. After negotiations ...
- Welf V
- (from the article "Henry IV") ...of northeastern Italy. In addition, his second wife, Praxedis of Kiev, whom he had married in 1089 after the death of Bertha in 1087, left him, bringing serious charges against ...
- Welf-Waibling conflict
- (from the article "Walther Von Der Vogelweide") ...the earlier minnesingers, who was resident at the Viennese court). Instead, he gained the patronage of the Hohenstaufen Philip of Swabia, by writing in support of the Hohenstaufen cause against ...
- welfare economics
- branch of economics that seeks to evaluate economic policies in terms of their effects on the well-being of the community. It became established as a well-defined branch of economic theory ... [5 Related Articles]
- Welfare Party
- (from the article "Turkey") ...vote. Erdal Inonu, the son of Ismet Inonu, led the Social Democratic and Populist Party (SDPP; founded 1985), which gained one-fourth of the vote. Erbakan's new Welfare Party (WP; an ...
- welfare reform
- (from the article "Social Protection") For the third straight year, Congress failed to reauthorize the 1996 welfare-reform act, which had replaced cash assistance to needy families with block grants to states and new work requirements. ...
- welfare state
- concept of government in which the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens. It is based on the ... [9 Related Articles]
- Welfare State International
- (from the article "environmental theatre") The concept of environmental theatre was taken to greater extremes by radical American artistic groups such as Welfare State International and the Bread and Puppet Theater. Both took art to ...
- Welfare, Union of
- (from the article "Turgenev, Nikolay Ivanovich") Born into the middle class, Turgenev was one of a number of Russian youths infected by the liberal spirit that emerged in Europe after the French Revolution. He belonged to ...
- Welhaven, Johan Sebastian Cammermeyer
- Norwegian poet and critic who attacked the crudity and extreme nationalism of many of his contemporaries, particularly the nationalist poet Henrik Wergeland, who advocated complete cultural independence for Norway; their ... [2 Related Articles]
- Welitsch, Ljuba
- Bulgarian-born Austrian opera singer whose international career in the 1940s and '50s was highlighted by her interpretation of the title role in Richard Strauss's Salome (b. July 10, 1913--d. Sept. ...
- Welk, Lawrence
- American bandleader and accordion player, whose effervescent brand of "champagne music" was featured for more than 30 years on his successful show, one of the longest-running programs on television (1955-71). [1 Related Articles]
- Welkom
- city, Free State province, South Africa, southwest of Johannesburg. It was founded in 1947 amid goldfields, the development of which brought rapid growth, quickly making it the province's second largest ...
- well logging
- field technique used in mineral exploration to analyze the geologic formations penetrated by a drill hole. If the hole has been drilled by using coring techniques, the core provides a ... [2 Related Articles]
- WELL, The
- long-standing Internet community that features message-board-style discussions on a wide variety of topics. Founded by Americans Stewart Brand and Larry Brilliant, The WELL's origins trace back to 1985, when it ... [1 Related Articles]
- well-field system
- the communal land organization supposedly in effect throughout China early in the Zhou dynasty (c. 1046-256 BCE). The well-field system was first mentioned in the literature of the late Zhou ... [2 Related Articles]
- well-formed formula
- (from the article "set theory") The ZFC "axiom of extension" conveys the idea that, as in naive set theory, a set is determined solely by its members. It should be noted that this is not ...
- well-made play
- a type of play, constructed according to certain strict technical principles, that dominated the stages of Europe and the United States for most of the 19th century and continued to ... [4 Related Articles]
- well-ordering property
- (from the article "axiom of choice") The axiom of choice was first formulated in 1904 by the German mathematician Ernst Zermelo in order to prove the "well-ordering theorem" (every set can be given an order relationship, ...
- Welland
- city, regional municipality of Niagara, southeastern Ontario, Canada. It lies along the Welland River and Welland Ship Canal. During the War of 1812 the area was the scene of several ...
- Welland Canal
- waterway in southern Ontario, Can., that provides navigation for large vessels between Lake Erie to the south and Lake Ontario to the north and forms an important link in the ... [8 Related Articles]
- Welland, Colin
- (from the article "1981: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: Colin Welland for Chariots of FireAdapted Screenplay: Ernest Thompson for On Golden PondCinematography: Vittorio Storaro for RedsArt Direction: Leslie Dilley and Norman Reynolds for...
- Welland, River
- river in the eastern Midlands, England. The Welland River rises in the county of Leicestershire and flows eastward past Market Harborough and Stamford for about 70 miles (110 km) into ...
- Wellcome Institute of Comparative Physiology
- (from the article "London Zoo") ...Bedfordshire. Resembling a large country estate, this 600-acre (240-hectare) zoo displays and breeds large numbers of animals. It also houses two major research units sponsored by the society, the Wellcome ...
- Weller, J. M.
- (from the article "cyclothem") ...was used indiscriminately for the processes, the time involved (such as the periodicity of oscillations), and the sediments. The potential confusion in this loose nomenclature led American geologist J.M. Weller ...
- Weller, Thomas H.
- American physician and virologist who was the corecipient (with John Enders and Frederick Robbins) of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1954 for the successful cultivation of poliomyelitis ... [4 Related Articles]
- Welles, Gideon
- U.S. secretary of the navy under presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. [1 Related Articles]
- Welles, Orson
- American motion-picture actor, director, producer, and writer. His innovative narrative techniques and use of photography, dramatic lighting, and music to further the dramatic line and to create mood combined to ... [11 Related Articles]
- Wellesley
- town (township), Norfolk county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S., just west of Boston. Originally part of Dedham, it became the Western Precinct of Needham when that town was set off in 1711. ...
- Wellesley College
- private women's college in Wellesley, Massachusetts, U.S., one of the Seven Sisters schools. A liberal arts college, Wellesley grants bachelor's degrees in humanities, including Chinese, Japanese, and Russian languages; in ... [6 Related Articles]
- Wellesley Islands
- group of islands lying off the northwestern coast of Queensland, Australia, in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Sighted in 1644 by the Dutch navigator Abel Tasman, they were charted (1802-03) by ... [1 Related Articles]
- Wellesley, Richard Colley Wellesley, Marquess
- also called (from 1781) 2nd Earl Of Mornington, Viscount Wellesley Of Dangan Castle, or (from 1797) Baron Wellesley Of Wellesley, original surname Wesley British statesman who, as governor of Madras ... [3 Related Articles]
- Wellesz, Egon
- Austrian composer and musicologist, highly esteemed as an authority on Byzantine music.
- Wellfleet
- town (township), Barnstable county, Massachusetts, U.S. It lies on the northeastern arm of Cape Cod, 12 miles (19 km) south-southeast of Provincetown. First settled about 1724, it was incorporated in ...
- Wellhausen, Julius
- German biblical scholar best known for his analysis of the structure and dating of the Pentateuch. [2 Related Articles]
- Wellingborough
- (from the article "Wellingborough") town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Northamptonshire, England, situated east of Northampton along the River Nene. Wellingborough grew as a market town in the Middle Ages. After ...
- Wellingborough
- town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Northamptonshire, England, situated east of Northampton along the River Nene. Wellingborough grew as a market town in the Middle Ages. After ...
- Wellington
- town, east-central New South Wales, Australia. It lies at the confluence of the Macquarie and Bell rivers. The site, used by John Oxley as a base for exploration (1817-18), was ...
- wellington
- (from the article "nap") ...may pass or make one bid, which must be higher than all preceding bids. From low to high, the bids are two tricks, three tricks, misere (lose every trick), four ...
- Wellington
- capital city, port, and major commercial centre of New Zealand, located in the extreme south of North Island. It lies on the shores and hills surrounding Port Nicholson (Wellington Harbour), ... [7 Related Articles]
- Wellington
- town ("parish"), Taunton Deane district, administrative and historic county of Somerset, England, just west-southwest of Taunton. The first duke of Wellington (Arthur Wellesley, who took his title from the town), ...
- Wellington
- regional council, extreme southern North Island, New Zealand. It includes the cities of Wellington (the national capital) and Lower Hutt, Upper Hutt, Porirua, and Masterton. The broad Hutt River valley, ...
- Wellington bomber
- (from the article "Wallis, Sir Barnes") ...engineer before joining the airship (dirigible) department of Vickers Ltd. in 1913 as a designer. Eventually turning to aircraft, he employed his geodetic system in the Royal Air Force's (RAF's) ...
- Wellington Chest
- (from the article "campaign furniture") ...swivel handles, brass angle pieces to protect the corners, and short, turned feet (shaped on a lathe) that could be removed for transport. Perhaps the best-known piece of campaign furniture ...
- Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st duke of, marquess of Douro, marquess of Wellington, earl of Wellington, Viscount Wellington of Talavera and of Wellington, Baron Douro or Wellesley
- British army commander during the Napoleonic Wars and later prime minister of Great Britain (1828-30). He first rose to military prominence in India, won successes in the Peninsular War in ... [22 Related Articles]
- Wellington, Frank O.
- (from the article "Watson, Thomas Augustus") After leaving Bell in 1881, Watson started a new business in partnership with Frank O. Wellington. The two partners constructed engines and ships, receiving their first government contract in 1896 ...
- Wellman, William
- American film director whose more than 80 movies included Hollywood classics of documentary realism. [2 Related Articles]
- Wells
- city, Mendip district, administrative and historic county of Somerset, England, at the foot of the Mendip Hills. The name derives from the many springs rising near the cathedral, which was ... [3 Related Articles]
- Wells Cathedral
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...and Lincoln cathedral (c. 1140) once had them. The major displays of English early Gothic sculpture, however, took quite a different form. The chief surviving monument is the west front ...
- Wells Fargo
- American financial services company with banks in many states, especially in the West. The founders of the original company were Henry Wells (1805-78) and William George Fargo (1818-81), who had ... [1 Related Articles]
- Wells Fargo Bank
- (from the article "Wells Fargo") In 1905 Wells Fargo's banking operations (in California) were separated from its express operations and merged with the Nevada National Bank (founded 1875) to form the Wells Fargo Nevada National ...
- Wells Gray Provincial Park
- (from the article "Cariboo Mountains") ...decline northward and westward, merging with the Interior Plateau near Prince George. They are well mineralized, and gold is mined near Barkerville, which was the centre of a gold rush ...
- Wells, Carolyn
- prolific American writer remembered largely for her popular mysteries, children's books, and humorous verse.
- Wells, Charles Jeremiah
- English writer, author (under the pseudonym H.L. Howard) of Joseph and His Brethren: A Scriptural Drama in Two Acts (1823), a long dramatic poem in the style ...
- Wells, David Ames
- popular American writer on science and economics who, as chairman of the National Revenue Commission, helped to create the U.S. Bureau of Statistics and to establish an empirical basis for ...
- Wells, Dee
- (from the article "Ayer, Sir A.J.") ...In 1980 his first wife, Renee Lees, whom he had divorced in 1945, died, and one year later their daughter Valerie died suddenly of Hodgkin disease. In 1982 he divorced ...
- Wells, Dicky
- leading black American jazz trombonist noted, especially in the big band era, for his melodic creativity and expressive techniques.
- Wells, E.
- (from the article "biblical literature") New Testament editions in the 18th century did not question the Textus Receptus (T.R.), despite new manuscript evidence and study, but its limitations became apparent. E. Wells, a British mathematician ...
- Wells, Emmeline Blanche Woodward
- American religious leader and feminist who made use of her editorship of the Mormon publication Woman's Exponent to campaign energetically for woman suffrage.
- Wells, George
- (from the article "1957: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: George Wells for Designing WomanAdapted Screenplay: Pierre Boulle, Michael Wilson, Carl Foreman for The Bridge on the River KwaiCinematography: Jack Hildyard for The Bridge on the River KwaiArt ...
- Wells, H.G.
- English novelist, journalist, sociologist, and historian best known for such science fiction novels as The Time Machine and The War of the Worlds and such comic novels as Tono-Bungay and ... [5 Related Articles]
- Wells, Henry
- pioneer American expressman, one of the founders of the American Express Company and of Wells Fargo & Company. [3 Related Articles]
- Wells, Horace
- American dentist, a pioneer in the use of surgical anesthesia. [3 Related Articles]
- Wells, Joseph Morrill
- (from the article "White, Stanford") ...called the Shingle style. White designed one of the subtlest of these informally planned structures, the Casino (1881) at Newport, R.I. Subsequently, the partners, aided by their gifted draftsman Joseph ...
- Wells, Junior
- American blues singer and harmonica player (b. Dec. 9, 1934, Memphis, Tenn.--d. Jan. 15, 1998, Chicago, Ill.), was one of the musicians who introduced electric Chicago blues to international audiences ...
- Wells, Malcolm
- (from the article "Green Architecture: Building for the 21st Century") ...'90s brought a new surge of interest in the environmental movement and the rise to prominence of a group of more socially responsive and philosophically oriented green architects. American architect ...
- Wells, Mary
- (from the article "Motown") ...this two-story house became the home of "Hitsville." Motown's roster included several successful solo acts, such as Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder (a star as both a child and an adult), ...
- Wells, Rich, Greene, Inc.
- (from the article "Lawrence, Mary Wells") Early in 1966 Wells left Tinker and with her two coworkers established Wells, Rich, Greene, Inc. (WRG). They immediately captured the Braniff account, and many other large accounts quickly followed. ...
- Wells-Barnett, Ida Bell
- African American journalist who led an antilynching crusade in the United States in the 1890s.
- Wellsburg
- city, seat (1797) of Brooke county, in the northern panhandle of West Virginia, U.S. It lies along the Ohio River, about 15 miles (24 km) north of Wheeling, West Virginia, ...
- Wellstone, Paul David
- American teacher and politician (b. July 21, 1944, Washington, D.C.-d. Oct. 25, 2002, near Eveleth, Minn.), was a U.S. senator from Minnesota from 1991 to his death. Often referred to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Wels
- city, north-central Austria. It lies along the Traun River at the foothills of the Eastern Alps, southwest of Linz. The site has been occupied since prehistoric times. Wels originated as ...
- wels
- large, voracious catfish of the family Siluridae, native to large rivers and lakes from central Europe to western Asia. One of the largest catfishes, as well as one of the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Welsbach, Carl Auer, Freiherr von
- (baron of) Austrian chemist and engineer who invented the gas mantle, thus allowing the greatly increased output of light by gas lamps. [6 Related Articles]
- Welser Family
- family of German merchants, most prominent from the 15th to the 17th century. It first became important in the 15th century, when the brothers Bartholomew and Lucas Welser carried on ... [2 Related Articles]
- Welser Messe
- (from the article "Wels") ...windows; and the former imperial castle where the Holy Roman emperor Maximilian I died in 1519. A railway junction and important cattle and grain market, the city holds a big ...
- Welser-Most, Franz
- (from the article "Performing Arts") ...Slatkin, longtime director of the National Symphony Orchestra, was named music director of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra; his announced successor at the National Symphony was Ivan Fischer. In June, Franz ...
- Welsh Academy
- (from the article "Celtic literature") ...criticism also benefited. The standard set by Y Llenor was maintained in Ysgrifau Beirniadol ("Critical Essays"). In this field as in others, the establishment of the Welsh Academy (Yr Academi ...
- Welsh Arts Council
- (from the article "Wales") The Welsh Arts Council provides government assistance for literature, art, music, film, and drama. The council helps arrange tours of Wales by British and foreign orchestras and supports art exhibitions, ...
- Welsh corgi
- either of two breeds of working dogs developed to handle cattle. They are similar in appearance but are of different origins. Their resemblance results from crosses between the two breeds.
- Welsh Folk Museum
- (from the article "museums, history of") ...following Sweden's pioneering reerection of significant buildings, include the open-air museums at Arnhem in The Netherlands (the Open Air Museum, opened in 1912) and at Cardiff, Wales (the Welsh Folk ...
- Welsh Independents, Union of
- (from the article "Congregationalism") Welsh-speaking Congregational churches did not join the United Reformed Church but organized separately in the Union of Welsh Independents. These churches grew up originally in the countryside but moved successfully ...
- Welsh Intermediate Education Act
- (from the article "Wales") ...century, following the franchise reforms of 1867 and 1884, the hegemony of Welsh Liberal Nonconformity was well established. The passing of legislation specifically concerned with Wales, such as the Welsh ...
- Welsh language
- member of the Brythonic group of the Celtic languages, spoken in Wales. Modern Welsh, like English, makes very little use of inflectional endings; British, the Brythonic language from which Welsh ... [7 Related Articles]
- Welsh Language Act
- (from the article "Plaid Cymru") ...it allowed Plaid to turn more of its attention to electoral politics. The party won its first seat in Parliament in a by-election in 1966, and its policies helped to ...
- Welsh Language Act
- (from the article "Plaid Cymru") ...and the establishment of the Welsh Development Agency in 1974. The party also influenced other important changes, including the creation of a Welsh television channel in 1982 and the passage ...
- Welsh Language Society
- (from the article "Plaid Cymru") During the 1960s, with the injection of new ideas from younger members, the party broadened its agenda to include pressing social and economic issues. The formation of the Welsh Language ...
- Welsh law
- the native law of Wales. Although increasingly superseded by English law after the 13th century, Welsh law has been preserved in lawbooks that represent important documents of medieval Welsh prose.
- Welsh literary renaissance
- literary activity centring in Wales and England in the mid-18th century that attempted to stimulate interest in the Welsh language and in the classical bardic verse forms of Wales. The ...
- Welsh literature
- body of writings in the Welsh language with a rich and unbroken history stretching from the 6th century to the present. [5 Related Articles]
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