| | - Water of Leith
- (from the article "Edinburgh") ...to natural contours and softened the regimentation of the right angle with curves and crescents. The New Town's northwestern boundary is roughly the line of Edinburgh's only substantial stream, the ...
- water of maceration
- (from the article "sugar") ...mills in which the cane cells are crushed and juice extracted. As the crushed cane proceeds through a series of up to eight four-roll mills, it is forced against a ...
- water parsnip
- any of several aromatic herbs of the genus Sium, especially S. latifolium, belonging to the parsley family (Apiaceae), distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere and Africa. They grow in moist areas, ...
- water plantain
- any freshwater perennial herb of the genus Alisma, commonly found in lakes, ponds, and ditches. The three or four species are widely distributed throughout the North Temperate Zone and Australia. ...
- water pollution
- (from the article "The Perils of China's Explosive Growth") The UN 2006 Human Development Report cited China's worsening water pollution and its failure to restrict heavy polluters. More than 300 million people lacked access to clean drinking water. About ...
- water polo
- sport played in a swimming pool by teams of seven with a buoyant ball resembling an association football (soccer ball). The game was originally called "football-in-the-water," and indeed it is ...
- water poppy
- (from the article "Hydrocleys") genus of perennial aquatic plants of the family Limnocharitaceae, consisting of three or four species, all native to tropical America. The water poppy (H. nymphoides), which has yellow flowers about ...
- water pump
- (from the article "cooling system") ...liquid to carry away heat; (2) a radiator, consisting of many small tubes equipped with a honeycomb of fins to convect heat rapidly, that receives and cools hot liquid from ...
- water purification
- treatment of water to make it safe and acceptable for human use. Such treatment grew vastly in importance in the 20th century because of the growth of cities and development ... [6 Related Articles]
- water rail
- (Rallus aquaticus), slender marsh bird of the family Rallidae (order Gruiformes), native to most of Europe and Asia. Its length is about 28 cm (11 inches), and it has a ...
- water rat
- any of 18 species of amphibious carnivorous rodents. They exhibit many adaptations associated with hunting in water for food and burrowing along streams, rivers, and lakes. The eyes are small, ... [2 Related Articles]
- water resource
- any of the entire range of natural waters that occur on the Earth, regardless of their state (i.e., vapour, liquid, or solid) and that are of potential use to humans. ... [7 Related Articles]
- water retting
- (from the article "retting") In water retting, the most widely practiced method, bundles of stalks are submerged in water. The water, penetrating to the central stalk portion, swells the inner cells, bursting the outermost ...
- water sapphire
- (from the article "cordierite") The natural mineral has little commercial use. When clear, cordierite is sometimes cut as a gem; the stones from the gem gravels of Sri Lanka have been called water sapphires. ...
- water scavenger beetle
- any of the approximately 2,000 species of the predominately aquatic insect family Hydrophilidae (order Coleoptera). These beetles are found swimming in marshy freshwater ponds throughout the world, especially in warm ... [1 Related Articles]
- water scorpion
- any of the approximately 150 species of aquatic invertebrates of the family Nepidae (order Hemiptera). The water scorpion resembles a land scorpion in certain ways: it has scythelike front legs ... [1 Related Articles]
- water shield
- (Brasenia schreberi), small purple-flowered aquatic plant of the fanwort family (Cabombaceae), found in northern ponds and still waters throughout the world, except in Europe. "Water shield" also refers to fanwort ... [1 Related Articles]
- water shrew
- any of 12 species of amphibious shrews that have a broad, fleshy muzzle, large chest, and long hind legs and digits. Most water shrews live in montane habitats and forage ...
- water snake
- any of about 200 species of semiaquatic snakes belonging to 38 genera (family Colubridae). Water snakes feed in or near water, and some leave aquatic environments only to bask in ...
- water snowflake
- (from the article "buckbean") ...or bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata), a medicinal plant of wet soils, has white or pink flowers, bitter-tasting leaves, and hard, light brown seeds. The species of fringed water lily, water snowflake, ...
- water softener
- device for removing calcium and magnesium from water; water so treated will not form insoluble scale in pipes and tanks and will not form a precipitate with soaps or interfere ... [2 Related Articles]
- water softening
- (from the article "hard water") ...small scale by the addition of ammonia, borax, or trisodium phosphate, together with sodium carbonate (washing soda). The latter precipitates the calcium as carbonate and the magnesium as hydroxide. Water ...
- water soldier
- (from the article "Hydrocharitaceae") ...the family receives its common name, is Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, a rootless water plant with round or heart-shaped floating leaves and small, attractive, three-petaled white flowers. The water soldier (Stratiotes aloides) ...
- water spangle
- (from the article "fern") ...in a globose indusium, each containing either one megaspore or several microspores; 2 genera, often treated as separate families (Azollaceae and Salviniaceae), Azolla (about 6 species) and Salvinia (about 10 ...
- water spider
- (from the article "respiration") ...restricted to terrestrial situations, although some of them regularly hunt aquatic creatures at stream or pond edges and may actually travel about on the surface film as easily as on ...
- water star grass
- (from the article "mud plantain") ...of these plants have leafstalks that form sheaths around the long stems. Some species of Heteranthera grow below the water; others float or are rooted on muddy stream banks and ...
- water stress
- (from the article "Magnoliidae") ...and Nymphaeales lack vessels, although vessels are in the roots of Nelumbo. Magnoliidae with primitive vessels usually grow on deep shady sites close to water, where there is a minimum ...
- water strider
- any insect of the family Gerridae (order Heteroptera), which numbers about 350 species. Water striders, often seen running or skating in groups over the surface of a pond or stream, ... [1 Related Articles]
- water supply
- (from the article "water supply") available water provided to fulfill a particular need; if the need is domestic, industrial, or agricultural, the water must fulfill both quality and quantity requirements. Water supplies can be obtained ...
- water table
- upper level of an underground surface in which the soil or rocks are permanently saturated with water. The water table separates the groundwater zone that lies below it from the ... [2 Related Articles]
- water temperature
- (from the article "ice in lakes and rivers") The setting for the development of ice cover in lakes is the annual evolution of the temperature structure of lake water. In most lakes during the summer, a layer of ...
- water treader
- any insect of the approximately 30 species of the family Mesoveliidae (order Heteroptera). These small, slender insects are yellowish or greenish in colour and are 5 millimetres (0.2 inch) or ... [1 Related Articles]
- water tupelo tree
- (from the article "tupelo") ...scarlet autumnal foliage. A variety of the black tupelo called the swamp black tupelo (N. sylvatica, variety biflora) grows in swamps along the East coast and in the Deep South. ...
- water turbine
- (from the article "turbine") Water turbines are generally divided into two categories: (1) impulse turbines used for high heads of water and low flow rates and (2) reaction turbines normally employed for heads below ...
- water turtle
- (from the article "sound reception") ...experiments involving the turtle's sensitivity to sounds have used training methods (conditioned responses); only a few have met with success. It has been found that turtles of the species Pseudemys ...
- water vapour
- (from the article "air") Of the gases present in variable concentrations, water vapour, ozone, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide are of principal importance. The typical concentration ranges of these gases (in percentage ...
- water vapour feedback
- (from the article "global warming") ...even more potent than CO2, the net greenhouse effect actually becomes stronger as the surface warms, which leads to even greater warming. This positive feedback is known as the "water ...
- water well
- (from the article "building construction") Domestic water-supply systems for low-rise residential buildings have two sources, either municipal water-distribution systems or, where these are not available, wells that are drilled to underground aquifers which are free ...
- Water Witch incident
- (1855), brief military skirmish near the Paraguayan Ft. Itapiru, involving the USS "Water Witch," commanded by Lt. Thomas J. Page, and Paraguayan troops who fired as the vessel was exploring ...
- water-control program
- (from the article "China") ...of water-control projects. This was an activity so characteristic of a new dynasty that one can speak of "hydraulic cycles" moving in tandem with political consolidations in China. These water-control ...
- water-cooled, plate-fuel reactor
- (from the article "nuclear reactor") This is the most common type of research reactor. It uses enriched uranium fuel in plate assemblies (see above) and is cooled with water. Water-cooled, plate-fuel reactors operate over a ...
- water-current system
- (from the article "sponge") Sponges are unusual animals in that they lack definite organs to carry out their various functions. The most important structure is the system of canals and chambers, called a water-current ...
- water-gas shift reaction
- (from the article "chemical industry") The red-hot coke can also be heated with steam to yield carbon monoxide and hydrogen, a mixture known as water gas. It is also possible to carry out a water-gas ...
- water-in-oil emulsion
- (from the article "pharmaceutical industry") ...the rate at which the suspended drug settles to the container bottom. Emulsions consist of one liquid suspended in another. Oil-in-water emulsions will mix readily with water-based liquids, while water-in-oil ...
- water-jet channeling
- (from the article "mining") ...is forced through a small-diameter nozzle at extremely high velocity, creating new cracks and penetrating small natural cracks. In the process thin layers of rock are sliced away. The advantages ...
- water-jet machining
- (from the article "machine tool") In the water-jet machining process, water is forced through tiny nozzles under very high pressures to cut through materials such as polymers, brick, and paper. Water-jet machining has several advantages ...
- water-repellent fabric
- (from the article "polymer, inorganic") ...They are especially useful as lubricants in applications where there are extreme variations in temperature, because their viscosity changes very little as the temperature changes. Silicones are also water-repellent. Paper, ...
- water-supply system
- arrangement for transporting water from areas of abundance to an area of shortage. This includes works for the collection, transmission, treatment, storage, and distribution of water for homes, commercial establishments, ... [12 Related Articles]
- water-vascular system
- (from the article "echinoderm") The water-vascular system, which functions in the movement of tube feet, is a characteristic feature of echinoderms, and evidence of its existence has been found in even the oldest fossil ...
- Waterberg Series
- major division of rocks in southern Africa. The age of the Waterberg is in doubt; it is possible that the Waterberg is late Precambrian or Early Paleozoic (older or younger ...
- waterboarding
- (from the article "Bush, George W.") In February 2005 the CIA confirmed that some individuals in its custody had been subjected to "enhanced interrogation techniques," including waterboarding (simulated drowning), which was generally regarded as a form ...
- Waterboer, Andries
- (from the article "South Africa") ...another source of African labour by illegally capturing San women and children (many of the men were killed) as well as Africans from across the eastern frontier. Griqua raiding states ...
- Waterboer, Nicholaas
- (from the article "South Africa") The diamond zone was simultaneously claimed by the Orange Free State, the South African Republic, the western Griqua under Nicolaas Waterboer, and southern Tswana chiefs. At a special hearing in ...
- waterbuck
- (from the article "waterbuck") antelope species of the genus Kobus (q.v.).PHOTOGRAPHWaterbuck.Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
- Waterburg, Battle of
- (from the article "Namibia") ...fought between the Germans and the Herero (with a single Ovambo battle at Fort Namutoni near the Etosha Pan). It reached a climax when General Lother van Trotha defeated the ...
- Waterbury
- city, coextensive with the town (township) of Waterbury, New Haven county, west-central Connecticut, U.S., on the Naugatuck River. Mattatuck Plantation, settled in 1674 as part of Farmington, was incorporated (1686) ...
- watercolour
- pigment ground in gum, usually gum arabic, and applied with brush and water to a painting surface, usually paper; the term also denotes a work of art executed in this ... [13 Related Articles]
- watercolour paper
- (from the article "drawing") ...stronger and free of wood, with an irregular edge, has remained to this day a favourite surface for drawings. Vellum, delicate and without veins, resembles parchment in its smooth surface. ...
- watercraft
- (from the article "ship") Surviving clay tablets and containers record the use of water-borne vessels as early as 4000 BC. Boats are still vital aids to movement, even those little changed in form during ...
- watercress
- (Nasturtium officinale), perennial plant, of the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to Eurasia and naturalized throughout North America in cool, flowing streams where it grows submerged, floating on the water, or ... [1 Related Articles]
- Wateree
- (from the article "Sumter") The Wateree Indians, a small Siouan-speaking tribe, inhabited the region in the 17th century. By the time of the American Revolution, European settlers had replaced its forests with farms; the ...
- Wateree Lake
- (from the article "Santee-Wateree-Catawba river system") ...into South Carolina to Great Falls, a distance of 220 miles (350 km), where it becomes the Wateree River. The Wateree continues southward through a series of lakes and reservoirs, ...
- Wateree River
- (from the article "Santee-Wateree-Catawba river system") ...Catawba River in the Blue Ridge Mountains of western North Carolina. The Catawba flows east and then south into South Carolina to Great Falls, a distance of 220 miles (350 ...
- waterfall
- area where flowing river water drops abruptly and nearly vertically (see ). Waterfalls represent major interruptions in river flow. Under most circumstances, rivers tend to smooth out irregularities in their ... [4 Related Articles]
- waterfall technique
- (from the article "advanced ceramics") Two other tape-casting methods are the waterfall technique and the paper-casting process. In the waterfall technique a conveyor belt carries a flat surface through a continuous, recirculated waterfall of slurry. ...
- waterflooding
- (from the article "heavy oil and tar sand") crude oils below 20° API gravity are usually considered to be heavy. The lighter conventional crudes are often waterflooded to enhance recovery. The injection of water into the reservoir helps ...
- Waterford
- county in the province of Munster, southern Ireland. It is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the south and from west to east by Counties Cork, Tipperary, Kilkenny, and Wexford. ...
- Waterford
- city, port, county borough of County Waterford, and the major town of southeastern Ireland. It is on the south bank of the River Suir, 4 miles (6 km) above its ...
- Waterford
- town (township), New London county, southeastern Connecticut, U.S., on Long Island Sound just west of the city of New London. The area, settled about 1653, was separated from New London ...
- Waterford glass
- heavy cut glassware produced in Waterford, Ire., from 1729. Waterford glass, particularly the early variety, is characterized by thick walls, deeply incised geometric cutting, and brilliant polish. The smoky, bluish ... [1 Related Articles]
- waterfowl
- in the United States, all varieties of ducks, geese, and swans; the term is sometimes expanded to include some unrelated aquatic birds such as coots, grebes (see ), and loons. ... [6 Related Articles]
- Watergate Scandal
- (1972-75), U.S. political scandal surrounding the revelation of illegal activities on the part of the incumbent Republican administration of President Richard M. Nixon during and after the 1972 presidential election ... [15 Related Articles]
- Waterhouse, Alfred
- English architect who worked in the style of High Victorian medieval eclecticism. He is remembered principally for his elaborately planned complexes of educational and civic buildings. [2 Related Articles]
- Waterhouse, Benjamin
- American physician and scientist, a pioneer in smallpox vaccination.
- Waterhouse, George Marsden
- businessman, politician, prime minister of South Australia (1861-63) and prime minister of New Zealand (1872-73), the only man ever to be premier of two British colonies.
- Waterhouse, Keith
- English novelist, playwright, and screenwriter noted for his ability to create comedy and satire out of depressing human predicaments.
- Waterhouse, Rupert
- (from the article "Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome") ...the meningococci of cerebrospinal fever are the typical pathogens involved, other organisms, such as streptococci and pneumococci, may be involved. The syndrome is named after the British physician Rupert Waterhouse ...
- Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
- a rare type of septicemia (blood poisoning) of rapid and severe onset, marked by fever, collapse and sometimes coma, hemorrhage from skin and mucous membranes, and severe bilateral hemorrhage of ...
- waterleaf
- any of about eight species of herbaceous plants constituting a genus (Hydrophyllum) in the borage family (Boraginaceae) and native to damp woodlands of North America. Light-greenish mottling on the leaves, ... [1 Related Articles]
- waterlogging
- (from the article "grassland") ...however, arise from climate-related circumstances. Woody plants may be prevented from growing in certain areas for other reasons, allowing grasses to dominate. One cause is seasonal flooding or waterlogging, which ...
- Waterloo
- city, regional municipality of Waterloo, southeastern Ontario, Canada. Its settlement dates from the early 1800s, when a group of Pennsylvania Mennonites led by Abraham Erb settled along the Grand River. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Waterloo
- city, seat (1855) of Black Hawk county, northeastern Iowa, U.S., along both sides of the Cedar River, adjacent to Cedar Falls on the west. The site was first settled in ...
- Waterloo Bridge
- (from the article "Edinburgh") ...the South Bridge (1788) and the King George IV Bridge (1834), are multiple-arch constructions that span the Cowgate ravine. These new bridges opened the south to rapid expansion. In the ...
- Waterloo Bridge
- (from the article "Rennie, John") Rennie is best known, however, for his London bridges: Waterloo Bridge (1811-17; replaced 1937-45), composed of masonry arches; Southwark Bridge (1814-19; replaced 1912-21), composed of three cast-iron arches; and the ...
- Waterloo Cup
- (from the article "coursing") The first known coursing club came into existence in 1776 at Swaffham through the enterprise of Lord Orford. The Waterloo Cup, the Derby of coursing, was established in 1836 and ...
- Waterloo Station
- railway station in the borough of Lambeth, London, England. It is one of the largest stations in the United Kingdom. Part of the station serves as a terminus for the ...
- Waterloo, Battle of
- (June 18, 1815), Napoleon's final defeat, ending 23 years of recurrent warfare between France and the other powers of Europe. It was fought during the Hundred Days of Napoleon's restoration, ... [9 Related Articles]
- Waterloo, University of
- (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") ...become secular and almost entirely financially dependent on the provincial governments. Beginning in the late 1950s, Ontario established a number of new postsecondary institutions. One of these, the University of ...
- Waterman, L. E.
- (from the article "pen") ...of pen in which ink is held in a reservoir and passes to the writing point through capillary channels. The first practical version of the fountain pen was produced in ...
- watermark
- design produced by creating a variation in the thickness of paper fibre during the wet-paper phase of papermaking. This design is clearly visible when the paper is held up to ... [1 Related Articles]
- watermeal
- (from the article "angiosperm") The variety of forms found among angiosperms is greater than that of any other plant group. The size range alone is quite remarkable, from the smallest individual flowering plant, probably ...
- watermelon
- (Citrullus lanatus, formerly C. vulgaris), succulent fruit of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), native to tropical Africa, but under cultivation on every continent except Antarctica. Its vines grow prostrate, with branched ... [1 Related Articles]
- waterpower
- power produced by a stream of water as it turns a wheel or similar device. The waterwheel was probably invented in the 1st century BC, and it was widely used ... [2 Related Articles]
- waterproof cement
- (from the article "cement") Masonry cements are used primarily for mortar. They consist of a mixture of portland cement and ground limestone or other filler together with an air-entraining agent or a water-repellent additive. ...
- waterproofing
- (from the article "art conservation and restoration") ...and spoils finishes. The remedy may involve renewing roof finishes. It may entail inserting a continuous moisture barrier, perhaps in a modern material such as stout polyethylene. Techniques of waterproofing ...
- Waters, Benjamin
- American tenor saxophonist and arranger who played for seven years with Charlie Johnson's early Harlem jazz band in New York City. A journeyman sideman, he later played woodwinds with American ...
- Waters, Ethel
- American blues and jazz singer and dramatic actress whose singing, based in the blues tradition, featured her full-bodied voice, wide range, and slow vibrato. [2 Related Articles]
- Waters, Frank
- U.S. novelist and biographer whose works concentrated on the American Southwest (b. July 5, 1902--d. June 3, 1995).
- Waters, John
- (from the article "Depp, Johnny") ...went undercover in high schools and colleges to catch troubled youths. The show was a hit, though Depp resented his promotion as a teen heartthrob. In 1990 he left the ...
- Waters, Muddy
- dynamic American blues guitarist and singer who played a major role in creating the post-World War II ensemble blues style. [4 Related Articles]
- Waters, Ralph Milton
- (from the article "medicine, history of") ...Rectal anesthesia had never proved satisfactory, and the first improvement on the combination of nitrous oxide, oxygen, and ether was the introduction of the general anesthetic cyclopropane by Ralph Waters ...
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