| | - Vatutin, Nikolay Fyodorovich
- (from the article "Kiev") ...southern end, called the Park of Glory, has an 85-foot granite obelisk rising above the grave of the Unknown Soldier and a memorial garden. Also located in the park are ...
- Vauban, Sebastien Le Prestre de
- French military engineer who revolutionized the art of siege craft and defensive fortifications. He fought in all of France's wars of Louix XIV's reign (1643-1715). [9 Related Articles]
- Vaucanson, Jacques de
- prolific inventor of robot devices of significance for modern industry. [2 Related Articles]
- Vaucheria
- genus of yellow-green algae characterized by multinucleate tubular branches lacking cross walls except in association with reproductive organs or an injury. Food is stored as oil globules. Asexual reproduction is ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vauclin, Mount
- (from the article "Martinique") ...are an active volcano, Mount Pelee, which rises to 4,583 feet (1,397 metres), to the north; the Carbet Mountains, of which Lacroix Peak reaches 3,923 feet (1,195 metres), in the ...
- Vaucluse
- (from the article "Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur") ...of France encompassing the southeastern departements of Alpes-Maritimes, Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Var, Bouches-du-Rhone, and Vaucluse. Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur is bounded by the regions of Languedoc-Roussillon to ...
- Vaucouleurs
- (from the article "Joan of Arc, Saint") ...of the Anglo-Burgundians and that of the Dauphin. The villagers had already had to abandon their homes before Burgundian threats. Led by her voices, Joan traveled in May 1428 from ...
- Vaucresson
- (from the article "Western architecture") ...preferences led him to develop an extreme version of Cubist painting that he and the painter Amedee Ozenfant called Purism. Returning to architecture in 1921, he designed a villa at ...
- Vaud
- canton, southwestern Switzerland, bordering France and the Jura Mountains to the west and Lake Geneva (Lac Leman) to the south. It has an area of 1,240 sq mi (3,212 sq ... [1 Related Articles]
- vaudeville
- a farce with music. In the United States the term connotes a light entertainment popular from the mid-1890s until the early 1930s that consisted of 10 to 15 individual unrelated ... [11 Related Articles]
- Vaugelas, Claude Favre, seigneur de, Baron De Perouges
- French grammarian and an original member of the Academie Francaise who played a major role in standardizing the French language of literature and of polite society. A courtier, he was ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vaughan Williams, Ralph
- English composer of the first half of the 20th century, founder of the nationalist movement in English music. [4 Related Articles]
- Vaughan, Frankie
- British theatre and cabaret singer who was one of the most popular romantic crooners of the 1950s through the '90s; darkly handsome and elegantly dressed, "Mr. Moonlight" (as he was ...
- Vaughan, Henry
- Anglo-Welsh poet and mystic remarkable for the range and intensity of his spiritual intuitions. [1 Related Articles]
- Vaughan, Sarah
- American jazz vocalist and pianist known for her rich voice, with an unusually wide range, and for the inventiveness and virtuosity of her improvisations. [1 Related Articles]
- vault
- in building construction, a structural member consisting of an arrangement of arches, usually forming a ceiling or roof. [13 Related Articles]
- vaulting
- gymnastics exercise in which the athlete leaps over a form that was originally intended to mimic a horse. At one time the pommel horse (side horse) was used in the ...
- Vauluisant, Hotel de
- (from the article "Troyes") ...receiving the surrender of Troyes. The cathedral of Saint-Remy (14th-16th century) is notable for its 197-ft- (60-m-) tall spire. Troyes's notable secular buildings include the 16th-century Hotel de Vauluisant, which ...
- Vaupes
- departamento, southeastern Colombia. It is bounded by Guainia departamento (north), Brazil (east), the Apoporis River (south), and Guaviare departamento (west). Vaupes was administratively created in 1963, and its area was ...
- Vauquelin, Nicolas-Louis
- French chemist who discovered the elements chromium (1797) and beryllium (1798). [3 Related Articles]
- Vauthier, Maurice
- (from the article "children's literature") ...Four Winds), Paul-Jacques Bonzon (The Orphans of Simitra), and Etienne Cattin (Night Express!) were distinguished. The domain of the imaginative tale was well represented by Maurice Vauthier, especially by his ...
- Vauvenargues, Luc de Clapiers, Marquis de
- French moralist and essayist whose belief in the individual's capacity for goodness played a part in the shift of opinion away from the pessimistic view of human nature elaborated by ...
- Vaux, Calvert
- (from the article "Downing, Andrew Jackson") While traveling in Europe in 1850, Downing entered into a partnership with the English architect Calvert Vaux, and upon their return to the United States the two men designed a ...
- Vaux, Clotilde de
- (from the article "Comte, Auguste") ...Maximilien Littre. Comte married Caroline Massin in 1825, but the marriage was unhappy and they separated in 1842. In 1845 Comte had a profound romantic and emotional experience with Clotilde ...
- Vaux, Thomas Vaux, 2nd Baron
- one of the early English Tudor poets associated with Sir Thomas Wyatt and the Earl of Surrey.
- Vaux-le-Vicomte
- chateau near Melun, France, designed in 1656 by Louis Le Vau for Nicolas Fouquet, who was finance minister to King Louis XIV. The chateau, finished in 1661, is considered to ... [3 Related Articles]
- Vauxcelles, Louis
- (from the article "Braque, Georges") ...of Cubism. After these radical works were rejected by the Salon d'Automne, that fall Braque had a show at Kahnweiler's gallery and provoked a remark about "cubes" from the Paris ...
- Vauxhall
- neighbourhood in the borough of Lambeth in London, England. It lies on the south bank of the River Thames near Vauxhall Bridge. Public gardens were laid out there about 1661 ...
- Vauxhall
- (from the article "automotive industry") ...States; or, most frequently, machinery manufacturers. The kinds of machinery included stationary gas engines (Daimler of Germany, Lanchester of Britain, Olds of the United States), marine engines (Vauxhall of Britain), ...
- Vauxhall Gardens
- (from the article "Vauxhall Gardens") With its spacious rotunda, tree-lined walkways, and acclaimed ornamentation, Vauxhall hosted a regular series of concerts at the time the 2nd edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica was published (1777-84). The following ...
- Vava
- Brazilian footballer (b. Nov. 12, 1934, Recife, Braz.-d. Jan. 19, 2002, Rio de Janeiro, Braz.), was a powerful centre-forward, a pivotal member of Brazil's national team, and one of only ...
- Vava'u Group
- island cluster of Tonga, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The group comprises two chains, one coral and the other volcanic. To the east lie uplifted coral islands, including Vava'u Island, ... [1 Related Articles]
- vavasour
- (from the article "Italy") ...the competition for rights and domains. The reign of Conrad II (1024-39), the first emperor of the Salian dynasty, permitted and even encouraged such competition. Conrad took the side of ...
- Vavilov, Nikolay Ivanovich
- Soviet plant geneticist whose research into the origins of cultivated plants incurred the animosity of T.D. Lysenko, official spokesman for Soviet biology in his time. [1 Related Articles]
- VAX
- (from the article "Digital Equipment Corporation") ...generating $135 million in sales. By the mid-1970s, however, the company's leadership in the minicomputer market was being challenged by IBM and other companies. In 1978 Digital introduced the VAX ...
- VAX/VMS
- (from the article "computer") ...more memory and more power generally, was produced in 10 different models over 10 years, and was a great success. It was followed by the VAX line, which supported an ...
- Vaxjo
- city and capital of the administrative lan (county) of Kronoberg, southern Sweden, on Vaxjosjon (lake). The city was a medieval trading centre; it was burned several times by the Danes, ...
- Vayk
- (from the article "Armenia") ...and deep valleys of the northeast, covered with forests, farmlands, and alpine pastures; the Sevan Basin, the hollow containing Lake Sevan, on the shores of which are farmlands, villages, and ...
- vazante
- (from the article "Sao Francisco River") The dry sertao is used largely for livestock grazing, mainly cattle, goats, sheep, and donkeys. Along the riverbanks vazante agriculture is practiced: during the rainy season, shallow waterbeds (vassantes) are ...
- Vazgen I
- (LEVON GARABET BALJIAN), Armenian cleric (b. Oct. 3 [Sept. 20, Old Style], 1908, Bucharest, Rom.--d. Aug. 18, 1994, Yerevan, Armenia), as head of the Armenian Orthodox Church for nearly 40 ...
- Vaziri, Leila
- (from the article "Swimming") Other standouts included American Leila Vaziri, who swam a world-record 28.16 sec in both the semifinal and the final of the 50-m backstroke; Australian Leisel Jones, who won the 100-m ...
- Vazov, Ivan
- man of letters whose poems, short stories, novels, and plays are inspired by patriotism and love of the Bulgarian countryside and reflect the main events in his country's history. [1 Related Articles]
- Vazquez de Mella, Juan
- (from the article "Carlism") ...the encroachment of centralized state power) and those for whom the tactical alliance implied a watering down of principle. The latter point of view found expression in the creation (1918) ...
- Vazquez Montalban, Manuel
- Spanish author (b. July 27, 1939, Barcelona, Spain-d. Oct. 18, 2003, Bangkok, Thai.), created the complex Spanish detective Pepe Carvalho in a series of 22 novels that were translated into ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vazquez Rosas, Tabare Ramon
- On March 1, 2005, Tabare Vazquez was sworn in as the new president of Uruguay. The historic significance of this event could not be overestimated. Vazquez was the first leftist ... [5 Related Articles]
- Vazquez, Lorenzo
- (from the article "Isabelline") It is a younger contemporary, Lorenzo Vazquez, born in Segovia but probably (on the basis of his style) trained in Bologna, who is credited with having introduced many of the ...
- VB Script
- (from the article "computer programming language") VB Script is a subset of Visual Basic. Originally developed for Microsoft's Office suite of programs, it was later used for Web scripting as well. Its capabilities are similar to ...
- Ve
- (from the article "Askr and Embla") ...mythology, the first man and first woman, respectively, parents of the human race. They were created from tree trunks found on the seashore by three gods-Odin and his two brothers, ...
- veal
- meat of calves slaughtered between 3 and 14 weeks, delicate in flavour, pale grayish white in colour, firm and fine-grained, with velvety texture. It has no marbling, and the small ... [3 Related Articles]
- vealer
- (from the article "meat processing") ...into several categories based on the ages of the animals at the time of slaughter. Baby veal (bob veal) is 2-3 days to 1 month of age and yields carcasses ...
- Veblen, Oswald
- American mathematician who made important contributions to differential geometry and the early development of topology. Many of his contributions found application in atomic physics and the theory of relativity. [3 Related Articles]
- Veblen, Thorstein
- American economist and social scientist who sought to apply an evolutionary, dynamic approach to the study of economic institutions. With The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899) ... [4 Related Articles]
- Vecchi, Orazio
- Italian composer best known for his madrigal-comedy L'Amfiparnaso and other entertainment music. [3 Related Articles]
- Vecchio, Palazzo
- most important historic government building in Florence, having been the seat of the Signoria of the Florentine Republic in the 14th century and then the government centre of the Medici ... [2 Related Articles]
- veche
- popular assembly that was a characteristic institution in Russia from the 10th to the 15th century. The veche probably originated as a deliberative body among early Slavic tribes. As the ... [1 Related Articles]
- vector
- in mathematics, a quantity that has both magnitude and direction but not position. Examples of such quantities are velocity and acceleration. In their modern form, vectors appeared late in the ... [7 Related Articles]
- vector
- (from the article "recombinant DNA technology") ...out by inserting a DNA fragment into a small DNA molecule and then allowing this molecule to replicate inside a simple living cell such as a bacterium. The small replicating ...
- vector
- in physics, a quantity that has both magnitude and direction. It is typically represented by an arrow whose direction is the same as that of the quantity and whose length ...
- vector analysis
- a branch of mathematics that deals with quantities that have both magnitude and direction. Some physical and geometric quantities, called scalars, can be fully defined by specifying their magnitude in ... [5 Related Articles]
- Vector Averaging Current Meter
- (from the article "undersea exploration") One of the most important advances in modern instrument design has been the introduction of low-power, solid-state microelectronics. The accuracy of the Vector Averaging Current Meter (VACM), for example, has ...
- vector bundle
- (from the article "mathematics") ...that at each point a vector space is available as mathematical storage space for all its possible values. Because a vector space is attached at each point, the theory is ...
- vector current
- (from the article "Wu, Chien-Shiung") ...worldwide acclaim not only to Wu but also to Lee and Yang, who won the 1957 Nobel Prize for Physics for their work. In 1958 Richard P. Feynman and Murray ...
- vector field
- (from the article "nature, philosophy of") Mathematically interpreted, a vector a represents a quantity with both magnitude and direction, which preserves its length or value and its direction when displaced. The vector field-i.e., the association of ...
- vector graphics
- (from the article "computer graphics") In the 1960s early computer graphics systems used vector graphics to construct images out of straight line segments, which were combined for display on specialized computer video monitors. Vector graphics ...
- vector minus axial vector theory
- (from the article "subatomic particle") ...into one theory in 1958 by the American physicists Murray Gell-Mann and Richard Feynman. They established the mathematical structure of the weak interaction in what is known as V−A, or ...
- vector product
- (from the article "mechanics") The cross product (also known as the vector product) combines two vectors to form another vector, perpendicular to the plane of the original vectors. The operation is written
- vector space
- a set of multidimensional quantities, known as vectors, together with a set of one-dimensional quantities, known as scalars, such that vectors can be added together and vectors can be multiplied ... [5 Related Articles]
- vectored jet
- (from the article "helicopter") The most successful of all the alternatives to the helicopter is one of the most technically complex, the vectored jet, best exemplified by the Harrier, developed initially by Hawker Aircraft ...
- vectorial process
- (from the article "dispersion") ...of distributional change occurs among migratory animals, which may be plentiful in the summer months and virtually absent in the winter. The forces governing the dispersal of organisms are either ...
- Ved-ava
- among the Mordvins, the water mother, a spirit believed to rule the waters and their bounty; she is known as Vete-ema among the Estonians and Veen emo among the Finns. ...
- Veda
- a collection of poems or hymns composed in archaic Sanskrit and known to the Indo-European-speaking peoples who entered India during the 2nd millennium BCE. No definite date can be ascribed ... [31 Related Articles]
- Vedado
- (from the article "Havana") To the north and west a newer section, centred on the uptown area known as Vedado, has become the rival of Old Havana for commercial activity and nightlife. This part ...
- vedalia beetle
- (from the article "biological control") ...by two parasitic species of chalcid wasps imported from Australia, Coccophagus gurneyi and Tetracnemus pretiosus; the effective predation of an Australian ladybird beetle, or vedalia beetle (Rodolia cardinalis), on the ...
- vedalla
- (from the article "anga") 9. Vedalla (perhaps meaning "subtle analysis"), teachings in catechetical form, according to the Pali system. The Sanskrit tradition places here, as vaipulya, a number of important Mahayana works, including the ...
- vedana
- (from the article "vedana") (Sanskrit and Pali), in the Buddhist chain of dependent origination, the sensation that leads to thirst. See pratitya-samutpada.aggregates of human existence
- Vedangas
- (from the article "Hinduism") Toward the end of the Vedic period, and more or less simultaneously with the production of the principal Upanishads, concise, technical, and usually aphoristic texts were composed about various subjects ...
- Vedanta
- one of the six orthodox systems (darshans) of Indian philosophy and the one that forms the basis of most modern schools of Hinduism. The term Vedanta means in Sanskrit the ... [15 Related Articles]
- Vedanta College
- (from the article "Roy, Ram Mohun") In 1822 Roy founded the Anglo-Hindu School and four years later the Vedanta College, in order to teach his Hindu monotheistic doctrines. When the Bengal government proposed a more traditional ...
- Vedanta Society of the City of New York
- (from the article "New Religious Movement") ...19th century, the first religious group to be imported from India took root in the United States, when Vivekananda attended the 1893 World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago and then ...
- Vedantadesika
- also called Venkatanatha leading theologian of the Visistadvaita (Qualified Nondualism) school of philosophy and founder of the Vadakalai, a subsect of the Srivaisnavas, a religious movement of South India. [2 Related Articles]
- Vedda
- people of Sri Lanka (Ceylon) who were that island's aboriginal inhabitants prior to the 6th century BC. They adopted Sinhala and now no longer speak their own language. Physically they ... [2 Related Articles]
- Vedder, Elihu
- American-born Romantic painter and illustrator whose reputation is based primarily on paintings derived from dreams and fantasies.
- Vedel, Anders Sorensen
- Danish historian and ballad collector who translated the Gesta Danorum of the medieval historian Saxo Grammaticus from Latin into Danish (1575).
- vedibandha
- (from the article "South Asian arts") The sanctum is often set on a raised base, or a plinth (pitha), above which is a foundation block, or socle (vedibandha), decorated with a distinct series of moldings; above ...
- Vedic chant
- religious chant of India, the expression of hymns from the Vedas, the ancient scriptures of Hinduism. The practice dates back at least 3,000 years and is probably the world's oldest ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vedic Period
- (from the article "India") In addition to the archaeological legacy discussed above, there remains from this period the earliest literary record of Indian culture, the Vedas. Composed in archaic, or Vedic, Sanskrit, generally dated ...
- Vedic religion
- the religion of the ancient Indo-European-speaking peoples who entered India about 1500 BC from the region of present-day Iran; it takes its name from the collections of sacred texts known ... [11 Related Articles]
- Vedic Sanskrit language
- (from the article "Sanskrit language") (Sanskrit samskrta: "prepared, cultivated, purified, refined"), Old Indo-Aryan language, the classical literary language of the Hindus of India. Vedic Sanskrit, based on a dialect of northwestern India, dates from as ...
- Vedrenne, John E.
- (from the article "theatre, Western") ...attention to the antirealistic movements that characterized experimental theatre in the rest of Europe. The domination of the actor-manager was effectively challenged by Harley Granville-Barker and John E. Vedrenne at ...
- Vedrine, Hubert
- (from the article "globalization, cultural") ...of other unifying themes. In Les cartes de la France a l'heure de la mondialisation (2000; "France's Assets in the Era of Globalization"), French Foreign Minister Hubert Vedrine denounced the ...
- veduta
- (Italian: "view"), detailed, largely factual painting, drawing, or etching depicting a city, town, or other place. The first vedute probably were painted by northern European artists who worked in Italy, ... [5 Related Articles]
- veduta ideata
- (from the article "veduta") ...di Roma." Allowing for variations of scale and minor additions, these scenes of monumental Roman ruins are essentially factual. His etchings of prison interiors, however, are examples of vedute ideate, ...
- Vee Jay Records
- (from the article "Vee Jay Records") Record store owners Vivian Carter ("Vee") and James Bracken ("Jay"), later husband and wife, formed Vee Jay Records in 1953. (At various times the company's labels also read VJ or ...
- Veeck, Bill
- American professional baseball club executive and owner, who introduced many innovations in promotion. [3 Related Articles]
- Veen, Johan van
- (from the article "Delta Project") ...with dikes linking the islands of Walcheren, Noord-Beveland, Schouwen, Goeree, and Voorne and created what amounts to several freshwater lakes that are free of tides. Devised by the Dutch engineer ...
- Veen, Otto van
- (from the article "emblem book") ...printed in the Netherlands or made by combining English text with foreign engravings, as in the English edition of the Amorum Emblemata, Figuris Aeneis Incisa (1608) of Octavius Vaenius (Otto ...
- Veeranam Dam
- (from the article "dam") ...dams were also constructed in India and Pakistan. In India a design employing hewn stone to face the steeply sloping sides of earthen dams evolved, reaching a climax in the ...
- veering wind profile
- (from the article "tornado") ...contrasts in temperature and moisture across the frontal boundary that divides the two air masses. For a storm to generate tornadoes, other factors must be present. The most important of ...
- Vega
- brightest star in the northern constellation Lyra and fifth brightest in the night sky, with a visual magnitude of 0.03. It is also one of the Sun's closer neighbours, at ... [3 Related Articles]
- Vega
- (from the article "Halley's Comet") ...1985, reached perihelion on Feb. 9, 1986, and came closest to Earth on April 11, 1986. Its passage was observed by two Japanese spacecraft (Sakigake and Suisei), two Soviet spacecraft ...
- Vega
- (from the article "airplane") ...Ryan monoplane, which made the first solo flight across the Atlantic in 1927 (see photograph). By 1929 the United States was building 5,500 aircraft, up from only 60 five years ...
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