| | - Vanderbilt Family
- one of the wealthiest and most prominent families in the United States. The third generation of Vanderbilts-following Cornelius and William Henry Vanderbilt (qq.v.)-was led by three of William Henry's four ...
- Vanderbilt Mansion
- (from the article "Hyde Park") ...D. Roosevelt Library and Museum contains some 44,000 books and houses Roosevelt's papers and memorabilia as well as a collection of material on U.S. and New York state history. Nearby ...
- Vanderbilt Road
- (from the article "Nicaragua, Lake") ...lake, and be completed by a channel dug through the Rivas Isthmus, has been mooted. After the discovery of gold in California in 1848, Cornelius Vanderbilt, the New York millionaire, ...
- Vanderbilt University
- private, coeducational institution of higher education in Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. Baccalaureate degrees are awarded through the College of Arts and Science, School of Engineering, Peabody College (education and human development), ...
- Vanderbilt, Amy
- American journalist and author, an acknowledged authority on manners, mores, and etiquette. [1 Related Articles]
- Vanderbilt, Cornelius
- American shipping and railroad magnate who acquired a personal fortune of more than $100,000,000. [7 Related Articles]
- Vanderbilt, George Washington
- (from the article "Vanderbilt Family") ...Cornelius and William Henry Vanderbilt (qq.v.)-was led by three of William Henry's four sons: Cornelius (1843-99), William Kissam (1849-1920), and George Washington (1862-1914). Of the three, Cornelius was by far ...
- Vanderbilt, Harold Stirling
- (from the article "Vanderbilt Family") ...for their interest in show horses. William Kissam left two sons-William Kissam (1878-1944) and Harold Stirling (1884-1970)-both associated with the New York Central Railroad. Harold Stirling Vanderbilt was also notable ...
- Vanderbilt, William Henry
- American railroad magnate and philanthropist who nearly doubled the Vanderbilt family fortune established and in large part bequeathed to him by his father, Cornelius.
- Vanderbilt, William Kissam
- (from the article "Vanderbilt Family") one of the wealthiest and most prominent families in the United States. The third generation of Vanderbilts-following Cornelius and William Henry Vanderbilt (qq.v.)-was led by three of William Henry's four ...
- Vanderdecken
- (from the article "Flying Dutchman") in European maritime legend, spectre ship doomed to sail forever; its appearance to seamen is believed to signal imminent disaster. In the most common version, the captain, Vanderdecken, gambles his ...
- Vanderhaeghe, Guy
- (from the article "Canadian literature") ...depict the bleakness of New Brunswick communities (Lives of Short Duration, 1981; Nights Below Station Street, 1988; Mercy Among the Children, 2000), while Guy Vanderhaeghe's fiction has its roots in ...
- Vanderlin
- (from the article "Sir Edward Pellew Group") ...islands in the Gulf of Carpentaria, near the mouth of the McArthur River, in northeastern Northern Territory, Australia. The islands have a total area of 800 square miles (2,100 square ...
- Vanderlyn, John
- U.S. painter and one of the first American artists to study in Paris. He was largely responsible for introducing the Neoclassical style to the United States. [1 Related Articles]
- Vandervelde, Emile
- Belgian statesman and a prominent figure in European Socialism who served in Belgian coalition governments from 1914 to 1937 and was influential in the peace negotiations following World War I.
- VanDerZee, James
- American photographer, whose portraits chronicled the Harlem Renaissance.
- Vandross, Luther
- American soul and pop singer, songwriter, and producer whose widespread popularity and reputation as a consummate stylist began in the early 1980s. [1 Related Articles]
- Vandyke collar
- (from the article "Genoese lace") ..."laces made with lead weights") were used for the edging of ruffs and later of collars. Styles followed a pattern similar to needle-made lace in Venice, taking the form of ...
- vane
- (from the article "feather") The typical feather consists of a central shaft (rachis), with serial paired branches (barbs) forming a flattened, usually curved surface-the vane. The barbs possess further branches -the barbules-and the barbules ...
- vane pump
- (from the article "pump") A sliding vane pump is illustrated in Figure 3. The rotor is mounted off-centre. Rectangular vanes are positioned at regular intervals around the curved surface of the rotor. Each vane ...
- Vane, Sir Henry, The Elder
- English statesman, a prominent royal adviser who played an equivocal role in the events leading to the outbreak of the Civil War between King Charles I and Parliament.
- Vane, Sir Henry, the Younger
- English Puritan, one of the most capable administrators in Parliament during the Civil Wars between the Parliamentarians and Royalists. [1 Related Articles]
- Vane, Sir John Robert
- English biochemist who, with Sune K. Bergstrom and Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson, won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1982 for the isolation, identification, and analysis of prostaglandins, which ... [2 Related Articles]
- Vane, Sutton
- English playwright, remembered for his unusual and highly successful play Outward Bound (1923), about a group of passengers who find themselves making an ocean voyage on a ship that seems ...
- Vaner, Lake
- largest lake in Sweden, 2,181 square miles (5,650 square km) in area, in the southwestern part of the country. The lake is about 90 miles (145 km) long and as ... [2 Related Articles]
- Vang Chapel
- (from the article "Dolnoslaskie") ...a Baroque assembly hall at Wroclaw University. Also of note are the Benedictine abbey at Legnickie Pole, the Cistercian abbeys at Krzeszow and Lubiaz, and the 12th-century Vang Chapel, a ...
- Vanga
- (from the article "West Bengal") The name of Bengal, or Bangla, is derived from the ancient kingdom of Vanga, or Banga. References to it occur in early Sanskrit literature, but its early history is obscure ...
- vanga-shrike
- any of the 12 species of Madagascan birds constituting the bird family Vangidae (order Passeriformes). The coral-billed nuthatch is sometimes included. They are 13 to 30 cm (5 to 12 ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vangelis
- (from the article "1981: Other Winners") ...Ernest Thompson for On Golden PondCinematography: Vittorio Storaro for RedsArt Direction: Leslie Dilley and Norman Reynolds for Raiders of the Lost ArkOriginal Score: Vangelis for Chariots of FireOriginal Song: "Arthur's ...
- Vanguard
- (from the article "airplane") ...of these planes and the high fuel consumption in comparison with the best piston planes never made them exceptionally popular. The Vickers Viscount was adopted for its newness and its ...
- Vanguard
- any of a series of unmanned U.S. experimental test satellites. Vanguard I, launched March 17, 1958, consisted of a tiny 3.25-pound (1.47-kilogram) sphere equipped with two radio transmitters. It was ...
- Vanguard
- (from the article "space exploration") ...rather than to the army's Redstone Arsenal, where Braun worked, so that the work would not interfere with Redstone's higher-priority development of ballistic missiles. The navy project, called Vanguard, would ...
- Vanguard 500 Index Fund
- (from the article "Economic Affairs") ...More broadly based funds investing in large-capitalization stocks ended the year up 6.04% on average, while their small-cap counterparts rose 6.13%. The largest U.S. mutual fund, the Vanguard Group's passively ...
- Vanguard Cave
- (from the article "Gibraltar remains") Four sites in particular have produced archaeological and paleoanthropological evidence of occupation: Forbes' Quarry, Devil's Tower, Gorham's Cave, and Vanguard Cave. The first locality yielded the second Neanderthal fossil ever ...
- vanguard literature
- (from the article "Latin American literature") Eventually the innovations of Modernismo became routine, and poets began to look elsewhere for ways to be original. The next important artistic movement in Latin America was the avant-garde, or ...
- vanguard of the proletariat
- (from the article "Lenin, Vladimir Ilich") In his What Is To Be Done? and in his other works dealing with party organization, Lenin articulated one of his most momentous political innovations, his theory of the party ...
- Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party
- (from the article "Trimble, David") While a professor of law at Queen's University of Belfast, Trimble was elected to the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention for the Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party (VUPP) in 1975. The VUPP ...
- Vanguardia Espanola, La
- (Spanish: "The Spanish Vanguard"), morning daily newspaper published in Barcelona, one of the largest and most influential newspapers in Spain. It was established in 1881 by Carlos Godo, in whose ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vanhanen, Matti
- (from the article "Finland") Area: 338,417 sq km (130,664 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 5,286,000 | Capital: Helsinki | Chief of state: President Tarja Halonen | Head of government: Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen ...
- Vanhomrigh, Esther
- (from the article "Swift, Jonathan") ...wry and touching poems titled On Stella's Birthday. The question may be asked, was this friendship strained as a result of the appearance in his life of ...
- vanilla
- (genus Vanilla), any member of a group of tropical climbing orchids, from the pods of which a widely used flavouring agent is extracted. Vanilla had been used to flavour xocoatl, ... [2 Related Articles]
- vanillin
- (from the article "chemical compound") ...contains five fused benzene rings. Like several other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, it is carcinogenic. Aromatic compounds are widely distributed in nature. Benzaldehyde, anisole, and vanillin, for example, have pleasant aromas.phenol
- Vanimo
- port, island of New Guinea, northwestern Papua New Guinea, southwestern Pacific Ocean. Located on a peninsula surrounded by a white sand beach fronting the Pacific Ocean, Vanimo is about 20 ...
- Vanir
- in Norse mythology, race of gods responsible for wealth, fertility, and commerce and subordinate to the warlike Aesir. As reparation for the torture of their goddess Gullveig, the Vanir demanded ... [3 Related Articles]
- vanishing testes syndrome
- (from the article "endocrine system, human") In some fetuses there occurs, for unknown reasons, regression and disappearance of the testes, known as the "vanishing testes syndrome." When this occurs early in pregnancy, before androgen-induced differentiation toward ...
- vanitas
- in art, a genre of still-life painting that flourished in the Netherlands in the early 17th century. A vanitas painting contains collections of objects symbolic of the ...
- Vanivilasa Sagara Dam
- (from the article "Chitradurga") ...cotton ginning and pressing. It is the site of massive fortifications erected by Hyder Ali of Mysore in the 18th century. Remains of the 2nd-century-AD city of Chandravalli are to ...
- Vannes
- town, capital of Morbihan departement, Bretagne region, western France. It is situated at the confluence of two streams forming the Vanne River, which opens into the virtually ...
- Vanoise National Park
- nature reserve, located in the departement of Savoie, southeastern France, and contiguous with the Gran Paradiso National Park in Italy. The park, created in 1963, is the oldest French national ...
- Vansittart, Henry
- (from the article "India") The departure of Clive signaled the release of acquisitive urges by the company's Bengal servants. These urges were so strong that the governor, Henry Vansittart (served 1760-64), found himself unable ...
- Vansittart, Robert Gilbert Vansittart, Baron
- British diplomat, author, and extreme Germanophobe.
- vansittartism
- (from the article "Vansittart, Robert Gilbert Vansittart, Baron") ...he warned the British government of the growing military power of Germany and insisted that Great Britain should rearm. Vansittart espoused a Germanophobic doctrine-which became known as vansittartism-that held that ...
- Vanstone, Amanda
- (from the article "Australia") ...MPs in Howard's Liberal-National Party coalition reflected public opinion that was critical of the government, believing that Foreign Minister Alexander Downer and Immigration Minister Amanda Vanstone were making retrogressive changes ...
- Vantaa
- city, southern Finland, just north of Helsinki. Located in the estuary of the Vantaa River, it was incorporated as a city in 1972. Notable landmarks are the Church of St. ...
- Vantongerloo, Georges
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...objects totally devoid of sentiment or literary association; Naum Gabo's work frequently resembled mathematical models, and several Constructivist sculptures, such as those by Kazimir Malevich and Georges Vantongerloo, have the ...
- Vanua Balavu
- (from the article "Lau Group") ...of limestone, the 57 islands and islets cover a land area of 188 square miles (487 square km) and are scattered over 44,000 square miles (114,000 square km) of the ...
- Vanua Lava
- volcanic island in the Banks Islands of Vanuatu, southwestern Pacific Ocean, 75 miles (120 km) north-northeast of Espiritu Santo. The island, 15 miles (24 km) long by 12 miles (19 ...
- Vanua Levu Island
- second largest island of Fiji, bordering the Koro Sea in the South Pacific Ocean, 40 miles (64 km) northeast of the island of Viti Levu. Sighted by the Dutch navigator ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vanua'aku Pati
- (from the article "Vanuatu") After a long period of instability in Vanuatu, during which the cabinet was reshuffled several times and the president dismissed because of his criminal record, Prime Minister Edward Natapei of ...
- Vanuatu
- country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, consisting of a chain of 13 principal and many smaller islands located about 500 miles (800 km) west of Fiji and 1,100 miles (1,770 ... [24 Related Articles]
- Vanuatu, flag of
- national flag consisting of horizontal stripes of red and green separated by a black hoist triangle and a horizontal yellow Y-shape (known in heraldry as a pall) with black borders. ...
- Vanunu, Mordechai
- (from the article "nuclear weapon") Additional details about the Israeli nuclear program and arsenal have come to light as a result of revelations by Mordechai Vanunu, a technician who worked at Dimona from 1977 to ...
- Vanvitelli, Luigi
- Italian architect whose enormous Royal Palace at Caserta (1752-74) was one of the last triumphs of the Italian Baroque. [2 Related Articles]
- Vanyume
- (from the article "Serrano") ...region of what is now southern California. Serrano means "mountain dweller" in Spanish. One band, the Kitanemuk, lived in the Kern and San Joaquin river basins; another band, the Vanyume, ...
- Vanzetti, Bartolomeo
- (from the article "Millay, Edna St. Vincent") ...her political and social ideals made her a symbol of the youth of her time. In 1927 she donated the proceeds from her poem Justice Denied in ...
- Vap
- (from the article "Pats, Konstantin") ...and prime minister) of Estonia. After a new constitution providing for a stronger executive was approved in a 1933 referendum, Pats learned of a planned coup d'etat by the fascist ...
- Vapheio
- ancient site in Laconia, Greece, on the right bank of the Eurotas River, five miles south of Sparta; the site is known for its tholos tomb, excavated in 1888. The ... [1 Related Articles]
- vaporization
- conversion of a substance from the liquid or solid phase into the gaseous (vapour) phase. If conditions allow the formation of vapour bubbles within a liquid, the vaporization process is ... [30 Related Articles]
- vapour
- (from the article "separation and purification") Above the surface of any pure liquid (or solid) substance, a definite amount of its vapour is present. The concentration of the vapour and, therefore, the pressure that it exerts ...
- vapour compression distillation
- (from the article "environmental works") In the vapour compression system, heat is provided by the compression of vapour rather than by direct heat input from a boiler. When the vapour is rapidly compressed, its temperature ...
- vapour deposition
- (from the article "amorphous solid") ...solids can still be prepared by dispensing with the liquid phase completely and constructing a thin solid film in atom-by-atom fashion from the gas phase. Figure 4D shows the simplest ...
- vapour diffusion pump
- (from the article "vacuum technology") This pump is mainly used on equipment for the study of clean surfaces and in radio-frequency sputtering. Capacities are available up to 190,000 cu ft per minute with an operating ...
- vapour lock
- partial or complete interruption of the fuel flow in an internal-combustion engine, caused by the formation of vapour or bubbles of gas in the fuel-feeding system. Vapour forms because of ...
- vapour pressure
- pressure exerted by a vapour when the vapour is in equilibrium with the liquid or solid form, or both, of the same substance-i.e., when conditions are such that the substance ... [9 Related Articles]
- vapour trail
- streamer of cloud sometimes observed behind an airplane flying in clear, cold, humid air. It forms upon condensation of the water vapour produced by the combustion of fuel in the ...
- vapour-pressure curve
- (from the article "thermodynamics") ...that the cylinder contains both water and steam in equilibrium with each other at pressure P, and the cylinder is held at constant temperature T. The pressure remains equal to ...
- Vaps
- (from the article "Baltic states") In Estonia the "Vaps" (Vabadussojalaste Liit; "League of Freedom Fighters"), originally a group of war veterans, emerged as a mass anticommunist and antiparliamentary movement. In October 1933 a referendum on ...
- Vaptsarov, Nikola
- (from the article "Bulgarian literature") ...of World War I the literary left was represented by a number of poets who died tragically young: Geo Milev, a convert to revolutionary Marxism; Khristo Smirnenski; and later, the ...
- Var
- (from the article "Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur") ...region of France encompassing the southeastern departements of Alpes-Maritimes, Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Var, Bouches-du-Rhone, and Vaucluse. Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur is bounded by the regions of Languedoc-Roussillon ...
- vara
- (from the article "metes and bounds") ...direction of a line, usually with respect to a meridian but sometimes with respect to the magnetic north. Distance is the length of a course measured in some well-known unit, ...
- vara
- (from the article "Iranian religion") ...the earth three times owing to overcrowding, Ahura Mazda tells him that a great winter is coming and advises him to prepare for it by building a gigantic three-story barnlike ...
- Vara Peak
- (from the article "Sao Miguel Island") ...km) west of Cape Roca, Portugal. Up to 40 miles (65 km) long and 9 miles (15 km) wide, it has an area of 293 square miles (759 square km). ...
- varactor diode
- (from the article "semiconductor device") The varactor (variable reactor) is a device whose reactance can be varied in a controlled manner with a bias voltage. It is a p-n junction with a ...
- Varadaraja
- (from the article "Indian philosophy") ...successfully. Well known among these syncretist texts are the following: Bhasarvajna's Nyayasara("The Essence of Nyaya"; written c. 950), Varadaraja's Tarkikaraksa ("In Defense of the Logician"; c. 1150), Vallabha's Nyayalilavati ("The ...
- Varadhan, S.R. Srinivasa
- Indian mathematician awarded the 2007 Abel Prize by the Norwegian Academy of Sciences and Letters "for his fundamental contributions to probability theory and in particular for creating a unified theory ...
- Varaha
- (Sanskrit: Boar), third of the 10 incarnations (avatars) of the Hindu god Vishnu. When a demon named Hiranyaksa dragged the earth to the bottom of the sea, Vishnu took the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Varahamihira
- Indian philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician, author of the Panca-siddhantika ("Five Treatises"), a compendium of Greek, Egyptian, Roman, and Indian astronomy. [2 Related Articles]
- Varahi
- (from the article "Saptamatrka") ...each of whom is the sakti, or female counterpart, of a god. They are Brahmani, Mahesvari, Kaumari, Vaisnavi, Varahi, Indrani, and Camunda, or Yami. (One text, the Varaha-Purana, states that ...
- Varakari Panth
- (from the article "South Asian arts") With Bengali, Marathi is the oldest of the regional literatures in Indo-Aryan, dating from about AD 1000. In the 13th century, two Brahminical sects arose, the Mahanubhava and the Varakari ...
- Varakhsha palace
- (from the article "Central Asian arts") ...they were executed in tempera. Some very high quality murals recently discovered in western Turkistan are dated slightly later. The oldest ones, which are extremely fragmentary, are from the Varakhsha, ...
- Varala, Treaty of
- (1790), settlement ending the Russo-Swedish War begun by Sweden (with British diplomatic support) in 1788. It maintained, in Russia's favour, the territorial dispositions of 1743. See Abo, Treaty of. [1 Related Articles]
- Varallo
- town, Piemonte (Piedmont) region, northwestern Italy. It lies along the Sesia River, 31 miles (50 km) northwest of Novara. The town is rich in art and churches, among which are ...
- Varanasi
- city, southeastern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It is located on the left bank of the Ganges River and is one of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus. [5 Related Articles]
- Varangian guard
- (from the article "Basil II") ...who was rewarded with the hand of Basil II's sister Anna on condition that the Kievan state adopted Christianity. Certain Russian soldiers remained in Basil II's service, forming the famous ...
- Varangian Road
- (from the article "roads and highways") ...a road revival came during the reign of Charlemagne late in the 8th century. In the 9th century the Moors established an extensive street network in Cordoba, Spain. The Vikings ...
- Varaztirotz Bagratuni
- (from the article "Armenia") ...a series of marzpans, only to be ousted by the emperor Heraclius in 623. In 628, after the fall of Khosrow, the Persians appointed an Armenian noble, ...
- Varda, Agnes
- French still photographer and one of the few successful female motion-picture directors. Her first film, Le Pointe courte (1954), was a precursor of the French New Wave films of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vardanes
- (from the article "Gotarzes II") Gotarzes killed his brother Artabanus, but a second brother, Vardanes, was able to expel him to the province of Hyrcania. Although fear of the nobles reconciled the two for a ...
- Vardanes II
- (from the article "Vologeses I") ...Vologeses was further weakened by an attack by the nomadic Dahae and Sakas, a rebellion of the Hyrcanians, an invasion by Alani tribesmen in Media and Armenia, and the usurpation ...
- Vardar River
- major river in Macedonia and in Greece. It rises in the Sar Mountains and flows north-northeast past Gostivar and Tetovo (in the Gostivar-Tetovo depression); it then turns sharply to flow ... [2 Related Articles]
- vardarac
- (from the article "Macedonia") ...the continental. Periodically, air breaks through mountain barriers to the north and south, bringing dramatically contrasting weather patterns; one example is the cold northerly wind known as the vardarac. Overall ...
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