| | - Vale of York
- (from the article "North Yorkshire") ...the Rivers Swale, Ure, Nidd, and Wharfe. In the east is a region of limestones and sandstones forming the upland mass of the North York Moors and Cleveland Hills. Separating ...
- Vale Royal
- borough, administrative and historic county of Cheshire, England. It is named for a great Cistercian abbey built by Edward I near the present village of Whitegate. The borough is centred ...
- Valech Report
- (from the article "Chile") ...yet another human rights violation, the disappearance of 119 people in Operation Colombo. At the end of 2004, the report of the National Commission on Political Imprisonment and Torture, dubbed ...
- Valence
- town, capital of Drome departement, Rhone-Alpes region, southeastern France. Valence lies on the left bank of the Rhone River. Built on a succession of terraces bordering the Rhone, the town ...
- valence
- in chemistry, the property of an element that determines the number of other atoms with which an atom of the element can combine. Introduced in 1868, the term is used ... [11 Related Articles]
- valence band
- (from the article "colour") ...diagram (see figure). This can happen, for example, when there are an average of exactly four valence electrons per atom in a pure substance, resulting in a completely full lower ...
- valence bond theory
- (from the article "coordination compound") Several theories currently are used to interpret bonding in coordination compounds. In the valence bond (VB) theory, proposed in large part by the American scientists Linus Pauling and John C. ...
- valence electron
- any of the fundamental negatively charged particles in the outermost region of atoms that enters into the formation of chemical bonds. Whatever the type of chemical bond (ionic, covalent, metallic) ... [16 Related Articles]
- Valence House Museum
- (from the article "Barking and Dagenham") ...was married in 1762. Still guarding the churchyard entrance is the 15th-century Curfew Tower. H-shaped and red-bricked, Eastbury Manor House (late 16th century) is well preserved. The partly moated Valence ...
- valence shell
- (from the article "chemical bonding") ...The outermost shell contains the electrons that are involved in bond formation, for they are the least tightly bound to the nucleus and thus can be removed most readily. This ...
- valence-shell-electron-pair repulsion theory
- (from the article "chemical bonding") There is a sharp distinction between ionic and covalent bonds when the geometric arrangements of atoms in compounds are considered. In essence, ionic bonding is nondirectional, whereas covalent bonding is ...
- Valencia
- comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of eastern Spain. It encompasses the provincias (provinces) of Castellon, Valencia, and Alicante. The autonomous community occupies a long and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Valencia
- provincia (province) in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Valencia, eastern Spain. It is situated along the Mediterranean Sea. The province centres on the ...
- Valencia
- medieval kingdom of Spain, alternately Muslim and independent from 1010 to 1238 and thereafter held by the kings of Aragon. Though its territory varied, it generally comprised the modern provinces ... [2 Related Articles]
- Valencia
- county, central New Mexico, U.S., in the Mexican Highland section of the Basin and Range Province. The Manzano Mountains lie at its eastern border, and mesas rise in the west. ...
- Valencia
- city, capital of Carabobo estado (state), northwestern Venezuela, on the Rio Cabriales in the central highlands at 1,600 ft (490 m) above sea level, near the western shore of Lake ... [1 Related Articles]
- Valencia
- city, capital of bothValencia provincia (province) and the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Valencia, and historical capital of the former kingdom of Valencia, eastern ... [4 Related Articles]
- Valencia Osorio, Juan
- (from the article "Guatemala") ...special prosecutor to investigate human rights abuses, but some government and military officials delayed its progress. In January the first military officer convicted of a war crime, Col. Juan Valencia ...
- Valencia, Guillermo
- Colombian poet and statesman, whose technical command of verse and skill at translation are notable. [1 Related Articles]
- Valencia, Lake
- lake in Carabobo and Aragua estados (states), central Venezuela. Lying in a basin in the Cordillera de la Costa (Maritime Andes) of the central highlands at an elevation of 1,362 ... [1 Related Articles]
- Valenciennes
- town, Nord departement, Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, northern France, on the Escaut (Scheldt) River. The origin of the name is obscure. Some believe that it stems from one of the three Roman ... [2 Related Articles]
- Valenciennes lace
- one of the most famous of bobbin laces, first made in the French city of Valenciennes, Nord departement, and later in Belgium (around Ypres and Ghent) and on the French-Belgian ...
- Valens
- Eastern Roman emperor from 364 to 378. He was the younger brother of Valentinian I, who assumed the throne upon the death of the emperor Jovian (Feb. 17, 364). On ... [7 Related Articles]
- Valens, Ritchie
- American singer and songwriter and the first Latino rock and roller. His short career ended when he died at age 17 in the 1959 plane crash in which Buddy Holly ...
- Valente, Jose Angel
- Spanish lyric poet and essayist who published translations and criticism in addition to more than 20 books of his own verse. The themes of his often philosophical poems are exile, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Valenti, Jack Joseph
- American public figure as president (1966-2004) of the Motion Picture Association of America, was a lobbyist and publicist for the film industry and the brainchild behind the creation of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Valentin, Barbara
- German film actress (b. Dec. 15, 1940, Vienna, Austria-d. Feb. 22, 2002, Munich, Ger.), was dubbed the German Jayne Mansfield for her sexpot roles, beginning with the erotic thriller
- Valentine
- pope for about 40 days during August-September 827. He became archdeacon under Pope St. Paschal I. Beloved for his goodness and piety, he was elected pope in August with lay ...
- valentine
- (from the article "Valentine's Day") Formal messages, or valentines, appeared in the 1500s, and by the late 1700s commercially printed cards were being used. The first commercial valentines in the United States were printed in ...
- Valentine
- (from the article "Two Gentlemen of Verona, The") Valentine (one of the two gentlemen of the title) opens the play by chiding his closest friend, Proteus (the other gentleman), for remaining idly at home with his beloved Julia ...
- Valentine's Day
- day (February 14) when lovers express their affection with greetings and gifts. Although there were several Christian martyrs named Valentine, the day probably took its name from a priest who ...
- Valentine, Alfred Lewis
- Jamaican cricketer (b. April 29, 1930, Spanish Town, near Kingston, Jam.-d. May 11, 2004, Orlando, Fla.), along with his spin-bowling partner Sonny Ramadhin, spearheaded the attack in the West Indies' ...
- Valentine, Basil
- (from the article "bismuth") ...It is hard, brittle, lustrous, and coarsely crystalline. It can be distinguished from all other metals by its colour-gray-white with a reddish tinge. Bismuth was first described in 1450 by ...
- Valentine, Bobby
- (from the article "Baseball") The Chiba Lotte Marines swept the Hanshin Tigers in four games in the 2005 Japan Series for their first Japanese baseball title since 1974, when they were known as the ...
- Valentine, Joseph
- (from the article "1948: Other Winners") ...Story: Richard Schweizer and David Wechsler for The SearchCinematography, Black-and-White: William Daniels for The Naked CityCinematography, Color: Winton Hoch, William V. Skall, Joseph Valentine for Joan of ArcArt Direction, Black-and-White: ...
- Valentine, Saint
- name of two legendary martyrs whose lives seem to be historically based. One was a Roman priest and physician who suffered martyrdom during the persecution of Christians by the emperor ...
- Valentinian
- (from the article "Christianity") ...god of the Book of Genesis) and the realm of the spirit created by a good god (revealed in the New Testament) were irreconcilably pitted against one another. The Gnostic ...
- Valentinian I
- Roman emperor from 364 to 375 who skillfully and successfully defended the frontiers of the Western Empire against Germanic invasions. [3 Related Articles]
- Valentinian II
- Roman emperor from 375 to 392. [4 Related Articles]
- Valentinian III
- Roman emperor from 425 to 455. At no time in his long reign were the affairs of state personally managed by Valentinian. He was the son of the patrician Flavius ... [4 Related Articles]
- Valentino Fashion Group
- (from the article "Fashions") In September the Roman fashion house Valentino announced that its founders, 75-year-old designer in chief Valentino Garavani and his business partner Giancarlo Giammetti, would retire. The announcement followed July's lavish ...
- Valentino, Rudolph
- Italian-born American motion-picture actor, who was idolized as the "Great Lover" of the 1920s. [1 Related Articles]
- Valentinus
- Egyptian religious philosopher, founder of Roman and Alexandrian schools of Gnosticism, a system of religious dualism (belief in rival deities of good and evil) with a doctrine of salvation by ... [3 Related Articles]
- Valentre, Pont
- (from the article "Cahors") ...the Cathedral of Saint-Etienne, the first church in France to have cupolas. Founded in 1119 and rebuilt in part between 1285 and 1500, it influenced regional ecclesiastical architecture. The Pont ...
- Valenzuela, Fernando
- Mexican professional baseball player whose career spanned 17 seasons in the major leagues of the United States. [2 Related Articles]
- Valenzuela, Fernando de, Marques De Villa Sierra
- Spanish royal favourite and minister during the regency of Charles II. [1 Related Articles]
- Valenzuela, Luisa
- (from the article "Latin American literature") ...though it closely resembles Garcia Marquez's Cien anos de soledad in the magical world it describes and even in the sound of the prose. Argentine Luisa Valenzuela ...
- Valera
- city, central Trujillo estado (state), northwestern Venezuela, on the Rio Motatan on a northern spur of the Cordillera de Merida. Founded in 1820, the city did not experience significant growth ...
- Valera y Alcala Galiano, Juan
- important Spanish 19th-century novelist and stylist, also a diplomat and politician. Valera travelled to Europe and America in the diplomatic corps and served as deputy, senator and under-secretary of state ... [1 Related Articles]
- Valeri, Valerio
- (from the article "John XXIII") The French post was particularly delicate at the time. Roncalli's predecessor, Monsignor Valerio Valeri, had been close to the collaborationist General Philippe Petain during the German occupation, and de Gaulle ...
- Valeria, Via
- (from the article "Roman road system") ...from Rome: the Via Aurelia, extending northwest to Genua (Genoa); the Via Flaminia, running north to the Adriatic, where it joined the Via Aemilia, crossed the Rubicon, and led northwest; ...
- Valerian
- Roman emperor from 253 to 260. [8 Related Articles]
- valerian
- (from the article "Dipsacales") ...Andean South America. Valeriana officinalis (garden heliotrope) is a perennial herb prized for its spicy, fragrant flowers; it is native in Europe and Western Asia. Its dried rhizome yields valerian, ...
- Valeriana
- (from the article "Valerianaceae") The largest genus, Valeriana, contains about 200 species and is best known for common valerian, or garden heliotrope (V. officinalis), occasionally as tall as 1.5 metres (5 feet). The species ...
- Valerianaceae
- the valerian family of the teasel order (Dipsacales), containing about 10 genera and more than 400 species of annual and perennial herbs, a few outstanding as ornamentals, salad or pot ... [1 Related Articles]
- Valerianella
- (from the article "Valerianaceae") Two Mediterranean species of the genus Valerianella, grown for their long, undivided leaves that are used in salads and as pot herbs, are corn salad (V. olitoria) and Italian corn ...
- Valerii, tomb of the
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...the church of S. Sebastiano on the Via Appia; the tombs of the Valerii and the Pancratii on the Via Latina (in the latter, stucco work is attractively combined with ...
- Valerius Flaccus, Gaius
- epic poet, author of an Argonautica, an epic which, though indebted to other sources, is written with vivid characterizations and descriptions and style unmarred by the excesses of other Latin ...
- Valerius Maximus
- Roman historian and moralist who wrote an important book of historical anecdotes for the use of rhetoricians.
- Valero, Roberto
- Cuban poet noted for his poetry on tyranny in Fidel Castro's Cuba and on the human predicament in general.
- Valery, Paul
- French poet, essayist, and critic. His greatest poem is considered La Jeune Parque (1917; "The Young Fate"), which was followed by Album de vers anciens 1890-1900 (1920) and Charmes ou ... [9 Related Articles]
- Valesii
- (from the article "eunuch") ...AD 185-c. 254) being the most celebrated example-have appeared in several Christian periods, basing their action on the text of Matthew 19:12; 5:28-30. The 3rd-century Valesii, a Christian sect of ...
- valet
- (from the article "knight") ...not only in military subjects but also in the ways of the world. During this period of his apprenticeship he would be known as a damoiseau (literally "lordling"), or varlet, ...
- Valette, Jean Parisot de la
- (from the article "Malta") ...Sovereign and Military Order of the Knights of Malta; see Hospitallers), a religious and military order of the Roman Catholic Church. Malta became a fortress and, under the Knights' grand ...
- Valhalla
- in Norse mythology, the hall of slain warriors, who live there blissfully under the leadership of the god Odin. Valhalla is depicted as a splendid palace, roofed with shields, where ... [5 Related Articles]
- validity
- (from the article "formal logic") Probably the most natural approach to formal logic is through the idea of the validity of an argument of the kind known as deductive. A deductive argument can be roughly ...
- Valignano, Alessandro
- Italian Jesuit missionary who helped introduce Christianity to the Far East, especially to Japan.
- valiha
- (from the article "stringed instrument") ...end. The maker then inserts small bridges at the extremes of the strings. (Various modifications and transformations of this principle exist, such as the bamboo-tube valiha of ...
- Valikanov, Chokan
- (from the article "Kazakhstan") ...found a more fertile ground among the Kazakhs than in the semi-independent Uzbek khanates. Russian schooling brought these ideas into Kazakh life, and Russian-formed intellectuals such as Chokan Valikanov and ...
- Valin
- (from the article "Hinduism") The story of Rama, like that of Krishna, also has a shadowy side. Rama's killing of the monkey king Valin (or Balin) in violation of all rules of combat and ...
- Valindaba
- site of a uranium enrichment pilot plant in Gauteng province, South Africa, on the western outskirts of Pretoria. Built by the Uranium Enrichment Corporation of South Africa (Ucor), it became ...
- valine
- an amino acid obtained by hydrolysis of proteins and first isolated by the German chemist Emil Fischer (1901) from casein. It is one of several so-called essential amino acids for ... [4 Related Articles]
- Valium
- trade name of a tranquilizer drug introduced by the pharmaceutical company Hoffmann-La Roche in 1963. Safer and more effective than earlier sedative-hypnotic drugs, Valium quickly became a standard drug for ...
- Valkyrie
- in Norse mythology, any of a group of maidens who served the god Odin and were sent by him to the battlefields to choose the slain who were worthy of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vall, Ely Ould Mohamed
- (from the article "Mauritania") Area: 1,030,700 sq km (398,000 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 3,124,000 | Capital: Nouakchott | Chief of state: Chairmen of the Military Council for Justice and Democracy Ely Ould ...
- Valla, Lorenzo
- Italian humanist, philosopher, and literary critic who attacked medieval traditions and anticipated views of the Protestant reformers. [10 Related Articles]
- Vallabha
- also called Vallabhacarya Hindu philosopher and founder of the important devotional sect the Vallabhacaryas, also known as the pustimarga ("the way of prosperity, or well-being"). [6 Related Articles]
- Vallabhacarya
- school of Hinduism prominent among the merchant class of North and West India; its members are worshipers of Lord Krishna (Krsna) and followers of the pustimarga ("way of prosperity, or ... [6 Related Articles]
- Valladolid
- provincia (province) in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Castile-Leon, northwestern Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Leon and Palencia to the ...
- Valladolid
- city, capital of Valladolid provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Castile-Leon,northwestern Spain. The city lies along the Pisuerga River at its ... [1 Related Articles]
- Valladolid, University of
- coeducational state institution of higher learning at Valladolid, in northwestern Spain. Established in the 13th century as an outgrowth of an old episcopal school of Valladolid, the university was recognized ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vallala Sena
- (from the article "Kulinism") in Hinduism, caste and marriage rules said to have been introduced by Raja Vallala Sena of Bengal (reigned 1158-69); the name derives from the Sanskrit word kulina, "of good family." ...
- Vallandigham, Clement L
- politician during the American Civil War (1861-65) whose Southern sympathies and determined vendetta against the Federal government and its war policy resulted in his court-martial and exile to the Confederacy. [1 Related Articles]
- Vallathol
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...his metaphysics-yet all his life was active in promoting his downtrodden Ezhava community. Ullor wrote in the classical tradition, on the basis of which he appealed for universal love, while ...
- Valle Central
- highland valley in central Costa Rica, containing most of the country's large cities and about seven-tenths of the total population. The valley is divided by low volcanic hills (the Continental ... [2 Related Articles]
- Valle Crucis Abbey
- (from the article "Llangollen") ...held there since 1947 to promote international goodwill, and it also has a thriving tourist trade, located as it is on a main route into the mountains of North Wales. ...
- Valle d'Aosta
- region, northwestern Italy, containing the upper basin of the Dora Baltea River, from its source near Mount Blanc to just above Ivrea. The region is enclosed on the north, west, ... [3 Related Articles]
- Valle de la Pascua
- city, northeastern Guarico estado (state), central Venezuela. Lying in the Llanos (plains), it is an important regional centre for a large cattle-raising area. Its main commodities are livestock products; the ...
- Valle del Cauca
- departamento, western Colombia, rising from the Pacific lowlands across the Andean Cordillera Occidental to encompass the valley of the upper Cauca River. The department is a leading ...
- Valle del General
- (from the article "Costa Rica") ...Reventazon River to the Caribbean, and the western sector forms part of the basin of the Grande de Tarcoles River, which flows into the Pacific. Another large structural valley, the ...
- Valle y Caviedes, Juan del
- (from the article "Latin American literature") ...academies, luxurious goods, and various forbidden pleasures, all of which called forth an elaborate invective from Rosas de Oquendo. He was surpassed in his criticism of colonial doings, however, by ...
- Valle, Filippo della
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...and of Pietro Bracci, whose allegorical figure "Ocean" on the Fontana di Trevi by Niccolo Salvi (completed 1762; see photograph) is almost a parody of Bernini's sculpture. Filippo della Valle ...
- Valle, Pietro della
- Italian traveler to Persia and India whose letters detailing his wanderings are valuable for their full descriptions. [3 Related Articles]
- Valle-Inclan, Ramon Maria del
- Spanish novelist, dramatist, and poet who combined a sensuous use of language with bitter social satire. [2 Related Articles]
- Valledupar
- capital of Cesar department, northern Colombia. It is situated on a plain between two mountain ranges, the Sierra de Perija and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Founded in 1550, ...
- Vallee, Rudy
- one of the most popular American singers of the 1920s and '30s. His collegiate style as a singing bandleader made him a national figure.
- Vallee-Poussin, Charles Jean de la
- (from the article "mathematics") ...Gauss had conjectured on the basis of extensive numerical evidence that this function was approximately x/ln(x). This turned out to be true, but it was not proved until 1896, when ...
- Vallees, Les
- (from the article "Neuchatel") ...(leading to the Rhine) and Le Doubs River (leading to the Rhone). Its three regions are a low-lying strip along the lake called Le Vignoble (from its vineyards); an intermediate ...
- Vallejo
- city, Solano county, western California, U.S. It lies along San Pablo Bay at the mouth of the Napa River, just north of Berkeley and Oakland. In 1850 military officer Mariano ...
- Vallejo, Cesar
- Peruvian poet who in exile became a major voice of social change in Spanish American literature.
- Vallejo, Fernando
- (from the article "Literature") Prolific Colombian writer Fernando Vallejo, winner of the 2003 Romulo Gallegos Prize, published Mi hermano el alcalde, in which he retold the vicissitudes of his brother, the mayor of Tamesis, ...
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