(from the article "Pyroxenes") ...by light-coloured minerals that transmit light, either through thick portions or at least through their edges. The following terms are used to distinguish the lustre of nonmetallic minerals: vitreous, having ...
(from the article "amorphous solid") In addition to the terms amorphous solid and glass, other terms in use include noncrystalline solid and vitreous solid. Amorphous solid and noncrystalline solid are more general terms, while glass ...
(from the article "traditional ceramics") The ultimate purpose of firing is to achieve some measure of bonding of the particles (for strength) and consolidation or reduction in porosity (e.g., for impermeability to fluids). In silicate-based ...
(from the article "abrasive") The majority of grinding wheels made have a vitreous, ceramic bond, made of clays and feldspars. The so-called vitrified wheel is fired in high-temperature kilns at temperatures of 1,260° C ...
(from the article "gastropod") ...improve. They hibernate during winter periods, when water is locked into snow or ice, and estivate during periods of summer drought. Land snails have been found above the snow line; ...
(from the article "Petrologic components in coal and their groupings") Bituminous coal is dark brown to black in colour and commonly banded, or layered. Microscopically, three main groups of macerals (individual organic constituents of coal) can be recognized: vitrinite, liptinite, ...
any of certain hydrated sulfates or sulfuric acid. Most of the vitriols have important and varied industrial uses. Blue, or roman, vitriol is cupric sulfate; green vitriol-also called copperas, a ...
(from the article "chondrichthian") ...are structurally minute teeth, called dermal denticles, each consisting of a hollow cone of dentine surrounding a pulp cavity and covered externally by a layer of hard enamel-like substances called ...
(from the article "igneous rock") ...rapidly, and congealed to form a finer-grained or glassy groundmass. A porphyritic volcanic rock with a glassy groundmass is described as having a vitrophyric texture and the rock can be ...
Roman architect, engineer, and author of the celebrated treatise De architectura (On Architecture), a handbook for Roman architects. [20 Related Articles]
(from the article "Innocent III") ...spiritual solicitude. His pontificate changed the papacy forever and provided future popes with a conception of papal authority that still inheres in the papal office today. A medieval chronicler, Jacques ...
city, Val-de-Marne departement, Paris region, France. Vitry-sur-Seine is a southeastern industrial and residential suburb of Paris and is separated from the city limits of the capital by the suburb of ...
(from the article "Rom") Bands are made up of vitsas, which are name groups of extended families with common descent either patrilineal or matrilineal, as many as 200 strong. A large ...
(from the article "Pteridaceae") Most botanists consider the family Vittariaceae to be closely related to the maidenhair ferns and likely to be reassigned there, though the families are dissimilar in appearance. This family contains ...
(from the article "Vallabhacarya") ...service to the daily activities god. Special festivals are celebrated according to the seasons of the year, events of Krishna's life, and anniversaries of the sect's founders, Vallabha and his ...
(from the article "Antonioni, Michelangelo") ...in 1964; his first full-length English-language film, Blow-up, in 1966; and his first American film, Zabriskie Point, in 1970. He was responsible for shaping the career of the actress Monica ...
one of the most original and creative of late Baroque church architects in all Europe and a primary figure in the brief flowering of Piedmontese architecture. [1 Related Articles]
town, southeastern Sicily, Italy. Vittoria is situated on a plain overlooking the Ippari River, west of Ragusa city. The town, which is gracefully laid out on a chessboard pattern, was ...
(from the article "Western architecture") ...years later, Serlio joined the Italian Mannerist painter Francesco Primaticcio at Fontainebleau, where he helped to consolidate the early acceptance of Mannerist ideals in France. In the work of Alessandro ...
(from the article "Naples") Piazza della Vittoria-whose titular church commemorates the Battle of Lepanto (1571)-closes the sweep of Villa Comunale and leads inland to the fashionable shops of Piazza dei Martiri, Via Chiaia, and ...
(from the article "Rome") ...the foot of the Capitoline Hill, the Corso runs to the Piazza del Popolo and through a gate in the city wall, the Porta del Popolo, there to resume its ...
novelist, translator, and literary critic, the author of outstanding novels of Italian Neorealism mirroring his country's experience of fascism and the social, political, and spiritual agonies of 20th-century man. With ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Italy") Less of a sensation was caused by the jailing in June of 69-year-old Prince Vittorio Emanuele, the grandson of Italy's King Victor Emmanuel III (reigned 1900-46). The prince was arrested ...
town, Veneto regione, northeastern Italy, located north of Treviso. Formed in 1866 by the union of Serravalle, now the town's residential northern section, and Ceneda, the industrial southern part, it ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Rome") Both Romans and visitors alike continue to congregate at the cafe tables ranged on the plane-tree-shaded sidewalks of the Via Vittorio Veneto, a street of grand hotels, airline offices, and ...
town, eastern Malta, one of the Three Cities (the others being Cospicua and Senglea). It is situated on a small peninsula, just south of Valletta across Grand Harbour. One of ...
(from the article "Italy") The French, who had occupied Tuscany between March and July 1799, were driven out by a violent peasant uprising, the Viva Maria ("Long Live the Virgin Mary"). This movement developed ...
(from the article "South Asian arts") ...vadi, comparable to the Western term sonant, meaning "having sound"; samvadi, to the Western consonant (concordant; reposeful); vivahi, to dissonant (discordant; lacking repose); and anuvahi, to assonant (neither consonant nor ...
Italian composer and violinist who left a decisive mark on the form of the concerto and the style of late Baroque instrumental music. [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "motion picture, history of the") ...his phonograph, and Dickson had actually synchronized the two machines in a device briefly marketed in the 1890s as the Kinetophone. Leon Gaumont's Chronophone in France and Cecil Hepworth's Vivaphone ...
ancient mountainous province of France, centred on the town of Viviers (Viviers-sur-Rhone) and corresponding approximately to the modern departement of Ardeche. The ancient Roman site, Vivarium, later became the episcopate ...
(from the article "Auvergne") ...Period (within the past 1.8 million years). They reach 6,184 feet (1,885 metres) at the summit of the Puy de Sancy, in Puy-de-Dome, which is the highest point in central ...
(from the article "Indian philosophy") ...avoid the consequent circularity (arising from the fact that the individual self is itself a product of ignorance) by postulating a beginningless series of such selves and their ignorances. The ...
painter, one of the most important and prolific Venetian artists of the first half of the 15th century, founder of the studio of the influential Vivarini family of painters. [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Cassiodorus") ...in 526, magister officiorum ("chief of the civil service"). Under Athalaric he became praetorian prefect in 533. Not long after 540 he retired and founded a monastery named Vivarium, to ...
(from the article "malaria") ...sweating during which the temperature drops back to normal. Between attacks the temperature may be normal or below normal. The classic attack cycles, recurring at intervals of 48 hours (in ...
Hindu spiritual leader and reformer who attempted to combine Indian spirituality with Western material progress, maintaining that the two supplemented and complemented one another. His Absolute was man's own higher ... [7 Related Articles]
(from the article "viverrid") ...the secretions of most civets are strong and disagreeable, those of African civets (Civettictis civetta) are musky and have a pleasant odour. These secretions and those of the Oriental civets ...
any of 35 species of small Old World mammals including civets, genets, and linsangs. Viverrids are among the most poorly known carnivores. They are rarely encountered, being small and secretive ... [2 Related Articles]
Spanish Humanist and student of Erasmus, eminent in education, philosophy, and psychology, who strongly opposed Scholasticism and emphasized induction as a method of inquiry. [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Italian literature") During the 1970s several younger poets began publishing. Among them were the scandal-seeking "Roman" poets Dario Bellezza and Valentino Zeichen. Trained as a psychoanalyst, Cesare Viviani made a Dadaist debut, ...
(from the article "Galileo") ...a nobleman and author of several important works on mechanics. As a result, he obtained the chair of mathematics at the University of Pisa in 1589. There, according to his ...
(from the article "Geraniales") The closely related Vivianiaceae and Ledocarpaceae are native to South America, especially the Andes. Vivianiaceae, with six species in either one (Viviania) or four genera, are herbs or small shrubs ...
phosphate mineral, hydrated iron phosphate [Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O], that occurs as colourless (when freshly exposed) or dark-blue (after long exposure), glassy crystals in the weathered zones of phosphate deposits and as concretions ...
French poet whose poetry encloses ardent passion within rigid verse forms. She was an exacting writer, known for her mastery of the sonnet and of the rarely found 11-syllable line ...
French shoe designer whose creations for many of the most famous French couture designers graced the feet of celebrities, members of high society, and royalty, including Queen Elizabeth II; he ...
(from the article "gastropod") ...and many pulmonates, the life span is about one year, although there are notable exceptions. Prosobranchs in general seem to have a much longer life span, with some species of ...
(from the article "gastropod") Land snails; particularly abundant in the West Indies and southern Asia to Melanesia.Large, 2.5- to 5-cm globular pond and river snails of the Northern Hemisphere (Viviparidae) and tropical regions ...
(from the article "gastropod") ...and southern Asia to Melanesia.Large, 2.5- to 5-cm globular pond and river snails of the Northern Hemisphere (Viviparidae) and tropical regions (Ampullariidae); frequently used in freshwater aquariums with tropical ...
retention and growth of the fertilized egg within the maternal body until the young animal, as a larva or newborn, is capable of independent existence. The growing embryo derives continuous ... [12 Related Articles]
(from the article "Bituriges") ...600 BC was the most powerful in Gaul. By about 500 BC the tribe was divided into two groups: the Cubi, with a capital at Avaricum (modern Bourges) in the ...
(from the article "Bernard, Claude") ...are that (1) the physical and chemical sciences provide the foundation for physiology, although it is not reducible to them; (2) the notion of "vital force" does not explain life; ...
(from the article "viscacha") ...on the front feet but only three on the hindfeet. Unlike mountain viscachas, the plains viscacha is nocturnal. It is colonial and digs elaborate burrow systems called
(from the article "Madrid") ...be studied in close detail, thanks to the remarkable model constructed by Leon Gil Palacios in 1830. It was during this period that the city expanded to the north, under ...
provincia (province) in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Basque Country, northern Spain. Originally a tribal territory of the Vascones (4th century), Vizcaya was ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "viscount") ...whence the title had spread, with diminishing functions and increasingly significant noble rank, to Aragon and to Castile. Philip IV of Spain introduced the system of vizcondados ...
family of Italian descent active in journalism and publishing from the late 18th century in England and later in France (briefly) and the United States.
(from the article "Vizetelly Family") ...Times. His brother Ernest Alfred (1853-1922) was a translator and biographer (1904) of Zola and the author of several books on French history from 1852. Francis Horace (afterward Frank) Vizetelly ...
(from the article "Vizetelly Family") ...anecdotal account of literary life in London and Paris from 1840 to 1870, entitled Glances Back Through Seventy Years: Autobiographical and Other Reminiscences (1893). His younger brother Frank (1830-83?) helped ...
(from the article "Vizetelly Family") James Henry Vizetelly (d. 1838) published Cruikshank's Comic Almanack and other British annuals. His son Henry Richard (1820-94) was a correspondent (chiefly in Paris) for The Illustrated London News and ...
town, northeastern Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. Situated in the heart of the Eastern Ghats, Vizianagaram is a rail junction and shipping centre for sunn hemp (jute substitute) and jute ...
(from old Iranian Pahlavi vcir, "judge"), originally the chief minister or representative of the 'Abbasid caliphs and later a high administrative officer in various Muslim countries, among Arabs, Persians, Turks, ... [9 Related Articles]
breed of sporting dog whose ancestors were probably brought to Hungary by the Magyars more than 1,000 years ago. The vizsla can generally work both as a pointer and as ...
(from the article "Greek literature") ...stories, and the novels that accompanied them, depicted scenes of traditional rural life, sometimes idealized and sometimes viewed critically by their authors. The pioneer of the Greek short story, Georgios ...
(from the article "Belgium") ...a year after it had come into office. Verhofstadt's own Dutch-speaking Liberal party, VLD-Vivant, fared badly and was pushed into third place in Flanders, overtaken even by the extreme right-wing ...
gemeente (municipality), southwestern Netherlands. It lies along the Nieuwe Waterweg, just west of Rotterdam. An early Dutch naval victory was won nearby when Dirk IV defeated Emperor Henry III in ...
European ethnic group constituting a major element in the populations of Romania and Moldova and a smaller proportion of the population in the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula and ... [5 Related Articles]
(ELENA VLAKHOU), Greek newspaper publisher who shut down two daily papers and a weekly picture magazine before she fled to England in protest against the military junta imposed on Greece ...
(from the article "logarithm") ...died in 1617 and Briggs continued alone, publishing in 1624 a table of logarithms calculated to 14 decimal places for numbers from 1 to 20,000 and from 90,000 to 100,000. ...
(from the article "Arges") ...Topoloveni town has a craft cooperative that makes traditional costumes and wood carvings. The 15th-century fortress of Poenari was constructed, overlooking the Arges River valley, by Vlad Tepes, or Vlad ...
(from the article "Bihor Massif") ...to southeast and 9 miles (14 km) wide. The summit is almost smooth, broken by a few peaks of harder rock. Curcubata Mare, at 6,066 feet (1,849 m), is the ...
(from the article "Bulgaria") ...works. Between World War I and World War II, several symphonies and works for ballet, in addition to choral and opera works, were created by such composers as Lyubomir Pipkov, ...
(from the article "Montenegro") ...because of the defeat of the former in battle but because of the failure of local magnates to secure the support of their subjects. In Montenegro the position of
city and capital of North Ossetia republic, southwestern Russia. It lies along the Terek River and on the northern slopes of the Caucasus Mountains. Founded in 1784, Vladikavkaz was designed ...
(from the article "Boris I") In 889 Boris I abdicated and became a monk, but he retained the right to take an active part in the government of the state. Boris' eldest son and heir, ...
city and administrative centre of Vladimir oblast (province), western Russia, situated on the Klyazma River. Vladimir was founded in 1108 by Vladimir II Monomakh, grand prince of Kiev. The community ... [3 Related Articles]
oblast (province), western Russia. It is centred on Vladimir city and lies east of Moscow in the basin of the Oka River. The greater part is a low plain, with ... [1 Related Articles]
in full Vladimir Svyatoslavich, byname Saint Vladimir, or Vladimir The Great, Russian Svyatoy Vladimir, or Vladimir Veliky grand prince of Kiev and first Christian ruler in Kievan Rus, whose military ... [13 Related Articles]
school of Russian medieval mural and icon painting that flourished in the 12th and 13th centuries around the neighbouring cities of Vladimir and Suzdal in the Suzdal region of northeastern ... [1 Related Articles]
Russian writer, editor, and political dissident (b. Feb. 19, 1931, Kharkov, U.S.S.R. [now in Ukraine]-d. Oct. 19, 2003, Frankfurt, Ger.), was best known for his novel Verny Ruslan ("Faithful Ruslan"), ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Western architecture") The shift from the Gothic style to the Renaissance in Bohemia is visible in the architecture of the leading late 15th-century architect in Prague, Benedikt Ried. The interior of his ...
(from the article "Czechoslovak region, history of") ...Bretislav's second son, Vratislav II (ruled 1061-92), as a compensation for services rendered, obtained from Emperor Henry IV the title of king of Bohemia (1085). Another able ruler, Vladislav I, ...
(from the article "Czechoslovak region, history of") ...I, gained the dignity of a cupbearer to the emperor (1114), one of the highest court offices; as its holder, the prince of Bohemia became one of the electors who ...
seaport and administrative centre of Primorsky kray (territory), extreme southeastern Russia. It is located around Zolotoy Rog ("Golden Horn Bay") on the western side of a peninsula that separates Amur ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Masses, The") The Masses was founded in 1911 in New York City by the Dutch immigrant Piet Vlag; his goal was to educate the working people of America about art, literature, and ...
(from the article "Hartog, Dirck") ...landing, he left a flattened pewter plate, inscribed with the details of the visit, nailed on a post on the northern end of the island, now called Cape Inscription. In ...
(from the article "Track and Field Sports (Athletics)") ...Isinbayeva, who won 18 straight major finals, set only one indoor record (4.93 m [16 ft 2 in]), but she claimed seven of the nine seasonal vaults above 4.83 m ...
anti-Stalinist military commander who, captured by the Germans early in World War II, became a turncoat and fought with the Germans against the Soviet Union.
(from the article "Serbia") The first such state to which Serbs trace a political identity was created by Vlastimir in about 850. This state was centred on an area in eastern Montenegro and southern ...
(from the article "telescope") In 1997, Japanese radio astronomers working at the Institute for Space Science near Tokyo launched an 8-metre (26-foot) dish, known as the VLBI Space Observatory Program (VSOP), in Earth orbit. ...
(from the article "telecommunications media") ...the radio spectrum above 30 megahertz was virtually empty of man-made signals. Today, civilian radio signals populate the radio spectrum in eight frequency bands, ranging from very low frequency (VLF), ...
