| | - Victoria Cross
- (from the article "New Zealand") ...the 9,000-metric-ton, 131-m (1 m = 3.28 ft) multipurpose vessel HMNZS Canterbury, to be supplemented by two new 85-m offshore patrol vessels and four 55-m inshore patrol craft. The first ...
- Victoria Day
- Canadian holiday on which the British sovereign's birthday is celebrated. In 1845, during the reign of Queen Victoria, May 24, the queen's birthday, was declared a holiday in Canada. After ...
- Victoria de las Tunas
- city, eastern Cuba. It is principally a commercial and manufacturing centre for a rich agricultural and pastoral hinterland, whose major yields are sugarcane, bananas, oranges, and cattle; beeswax and honey ...
- Victoria Falls
- spectacular waterfall located about midway along the course of the Zambezi River, at the border between Zambia to the north and Zimbabwe to the south. Approximately twice as wide and ... [4 Related Articles]
- Victoria Falls
- township, northwestern Zimbabwe. It is located on the south bank of the Zambezi River adjacent to Victoria Falls, the greatest waterfall in Africa. The town faces Livingstone (Maramba), Zambia, across ... [1 Related Articles]
- Victoria Falls Bridge
- (from the article "Freeman, Sir Ralph") In 1901 Freeman joined a London firm of consulting engineers, later known as Freeman, Fox & Partners. His works include the Victoria Falls Bridge over the Zambezi River, on the ...
- Victoria Fossil Cave
- (from the article "Naracoorte") ...and dairy products. Limestone quarrying and lumbering are also undertaken, and tourism based on nearby Naracoorte Caves National Park (established 2001) is an added source of income. In the park's ...
- Victoria Harbour
- (from the article "Hong Kong") ...Peak and 2,851 feet on Sunset Peak. Extending southeastward from Mount Tai Mo, the Kowloon Peak attains an elevation of 1,975 feet, but there is an abrupt drop to about ...
- Victoria Island
- second largest island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Divided administratively between the Northwest Territories and the territory of Nunavut, it is separated from the mainland on the south by Dolphin ...
- Victoria Land
- physical region in eastern Antarctica, bounded by the Ross Sea (east) and Wilkes Land (west) and lying north of the Ross Ice Shelf. It was discovered in 1841 by a ... [2 Related Articles]
- Victoria Lines Fault
- (from the article "Malta") The main physical characteristic of the island of Malta is a well-defined escarpment that bisects it along the Victoria Lines Fault running along the whole breadth of the island from ...
- Victoria Memorial
- (from the article "Calcutta") ...has Corinthian columns. The beautiful column of the Sahid Minar (Ochterlony Monument) is 165 feet high-its base is Egyptian, its column Syrian, and its cupola in the Turkish style. The ...
- Victoria Nile
- river that forms the upper section of the Nile River and issues from the northern end of Lake Victoria at Ripon Falls (now submerged), west of Jinja, Ugan. The river ... [2 Related Articles]
- Victoria Peak
- highest point (3,681 ft [1,122 m]) in the Cockscomb Range, a spur of the Maya Mountains in central Belize, 30 mi (48 km) southwest of Stann Creek. [3 Related Articles]
- Victoria Peak
- (from the article "Hong Kong") ...Peak attains an elevation of 1,975 feet, but there is an abrupt drop to about 650 feet at Devil's Peak. Victoria (Hong Kong) Harbour is well protected by mountains on ...
- Victoria River
- longest river in Northern Territory, Australia. The river rises in low sand hills at 1,200 feet (370 m) elevation north of Hooker Creek. It flows north and northwest for about ...
- Victoria Station
- railway station in the borough of Westminster, London. It stands just south of Buckingham Palace. Victoria Station is actually two 19th-century stations combined into one unit. The eastern portion was ...
- Victoria Strait
- southern arm of the Arctic Ocean, lying between Victoria Island on the west and King William Island on the east, in eastern Kitikmeot region, Northwest Territories, Canada. The strait is ...
- Victoria Valley
- (from the article "Antarctica") ...some former glaciers flowing from the polar region through the Transantarctic Mountains to recede and nearly vanish, producing such spectacular "dry valleys" as the Wright, Taylor, and Victoria valleys near ...
- Victoria, flag of
- Australian flag consisting of a blue field (background) bearing the Union Jack in the canton and a crown and Southern Cross constellation at the fly end. The flag may be ...
- Victoria, Guadalupe
- Mexican soldier and political leader who was the first president of the Mexican Republic. [3 Related Articles]
- Victoria, Lake
- largest lake in Africa and chief reservoir of the Nile, lying mainly in Tanzania and Uganda but bordering on Kenya. Among the freshwater lakes of the world it is exceeded ... [15 Related Articles]
- Victoria, Mount
- (from the article "Chin Hills") ...and widest part of a mountain arc that stretches northward from the Arakan Mountains to the Patkai Range. They vary from 7,000 to 10,000 feet (2,100 to 3,000 metres) and ...
- Victoria, Mount
- (from the article "Wellington") ...in the extreme south of North Island. It lies on the shores and hills surrounding Port Nicholson (Wellington Harbour), an almost landlocked bay that is ranked among the world's finest ...
- Victoria, Tomas Luis de
- Spanish composer who ranks with Palestrina and Orlando di Lasso among the greatest composers of the 16th century. [1 Related Articles]
- Victoria-Hansom
- (from the article "victoria") ...to the floorboards, and up again like a gently sloping chair. Panel-boot victorias were, confusingly, also known as cabriolets. The Grand Victoria had a rumble seat for two extra passengers, ...
- Victorian Age
- (from the article "Victoria") queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901) and empress of India (1876-1901). She was the last of the House of Hanover and gave her name to ...
- Victorian Certificate
- (from the article "Victoria") ...schools, though enrollments at private institutions have increased. Primary schools offer seven years of education, and secondary schools offer six years. In the early 1990s the introduction of the Victorian ...
- Victorian Football Association
- (from the article "Australian rules football") On May 7, 1877, representatives of the Albert Park, Carlton, East Melbourne, Essendon, Geelong, Hotham, Melbourne, and St Kilda football clubs met to form the Victorian Football Association (VFA) for ...
- Victorian literature
- (from the article "English literature") Self-consciousness was the quality that John Stuart Mill identified, in 1838, as "the daemon of the men of genius of our time." Introspection was inevitable in the literature of an ...
- Victorian theatre
- (from the article "theatre") In 19th-century Britain the audiences shaped both the theatres and the dramas played within them. The upper class favoured opera, while the working class, whose population in London alone tripled ...
- Victorianism
- (from the article "Europe, history of") To be sure, not everybody in Europe believed or worried about these affirmations. And although ideas long debated do in the end filter down to the least intellectual layers of ...
- victoriate
- (from the article "coin") ...exceptional issue of gold units and halves. Toward the end of the Second Punic War the quadrigati were replaced by silver coins of half their weight, with a Victory on ...
- Victorinox
- (from the article "Switzerland") Many Swiss were relieved at the news that another national symbol-the Swiss army knife-was to remain in local hands after Victorinox purchased its smaller, struggling rival, Wenger. The two companies, ...
- Victorinus of Pettau
- (from the article "patristic literature") Three writers from the later portion of this period deserve mention. Victorinus of Pettau was the first known Latin biblical exegete; of his numerous commentaries the only one that remains ...
- Victorinus, M. Piavonius
- (from the article "Postumus, Marcus Cassianius Latinius") ...and Saloninus. Postumus successfully defended the Rhine frontier and withstood Gallienus' attempts to recover Gaul (265). At the height of his power, he ruled Gaul, Britain, and Spain. Later he ...
- Victorinus, Marius
- (from the article "Platonism") ...Porphyry's version of Neoplatonism to explain and defend the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity, was produced in the second half of the 4th century by the rhetorician and grammarian Marius ...
- Victorio
- (from the article "Nana") ...was a member of the Eastern band of the Chiricahua Apaches, who ranged throughout western New Mexico. He took part in raids on Mexicans and Americans with such Chiricahua leaders ...
- Victorius of Aquitaine
- (from the article "Dionysian period") ...The product of 19 and 28 is the interval in years (532) between recurrences of a given phase of the Moon on the same day of the week and month. ...
- Victorius, Petrus
- (from the article "classical scholarship") ...brought out the first printed texts of Pindar, Callimachus, and the Homeric scholia. Aldus' son Paulus Manutius (1512-74) carried on his father's business and did much for the texts of ...
- Victorville
- city, San Bernardino county, southwestern California, U.S. Located nearly 100 miles (160 km) northeast of Los Angeles, it lies along the Mojave River in the Victor Valley at the edge ...
- Victory
- flagship of the victorious British fleet commanded by Admiral Horatio Nelson in the Battle of Trafalgar on Oct. 21, 1805. The ship is preserved today as a historic relic at ... [3 Related Articles]
- Victory Arches
- (from the article "Baghdad") ...in 1982, commemorates the Unknown Soldier. The Martyr's Monument, a 150-foot (50-metre) split dome built in 1983, commemorates the casualties of the Iran-Iraq War (1980-90). The Victory Arches (1988), which ...
- Victory Peak
- mountain in the eastern Kakshaal (Kokshaal-Tau) Range of the Tien Shan, on the frontier of Kyrgyzstan and China. It was first identified in 1943 as the tallest peak (24,406 feet ... [4 Related Articles]
- Victory Program
- (from the article "Wedemeyer, Albert Coady") American military leader who was the principal author of the 1941 Victory Program, a comprehensive war plan devised for the U.S. entry into World War II.
- Victory Stele of Naram-Sin
- (from the article "art and architecture, Mesopotamian") Where relief sculpture is concerned, an even greater accomplishment is evident in the famous Naram-Sin (Sargon's grandson) stela (Louvre), on which a pattern of figures is ingeniously designed to express ...
- Victory, Tower of
- (from the article "Chittaurgarh") ...of Mewar was transferred from there to Udaipur. Within the Chitor fortress are several palaces, Jaina and Hindu temples, and two exquisitely carved Jaina pillars (the towers of Fame and ...
- Victrola
- (from the article "music recording") ...the recordings did not sell as well as songs and marches, but Victor saw an institutional value in the celebrity recordings. The prestige of the Red Seal influenced Victor's other ...
- vicuna
- (Lama, or Vicugna, vicugna), South American member of the camel family, Camelidae (order Artiodactyla), that is closely related to the alpaca, guanaco, and llama (known collectively as lamoids). Depending on ... [6 Related Articles]
- vicuna fibre
- (from the article "specialty hair fibre") ...carpets manufactured for the automobile industry. Fibres obtained from animals of the camel family include camel hair (q.v.), mainly from the Bactrian camel, and guanaco, llama, alpaca, and vicuna (q.q.v.) ...
- Vicus
- (from the article "Native American art") Another discovery has brought to light evidence of an early civilization at Ayabaca, in Piura in northwestern Peru, that was probably coeval with the Chavin. Named Vicus after the valley ...
- Vidal de La Blache, Paul
- French geographer who had a profound influence on the development of modern geography. [3 Related Articles]
- Vidal et al v. Philadelphia et al
- (from the article "Binney, Horace") ...two most important legal cases was Lyle v. Richards (1823), in which his arguments established the common-law basis of real property in the United States. His second landmark case was ...
- Vidal, Gore
- prolific American novelist, playwright, and essayist, noted for his irreverent and intellectually adroit novels. [1 Related Articles]
- Vidalin, Jon Thorkelsson
- Lutheran bishop, best known for his Huss-Postilla (1718-20; "Sermons for the Home"), one of the finest works of Icelandic prose of the 18th century.
- Vidar
- (from the article "Fenrir") ...his bonds and fall upon the gods. According to one version of the myth, Fenrir will devour the sun, and in the Ragnarok he will fight against the chief god ...
- Videha
- (from the article "Bihar") In the Early Vedic period (beginning with the entrance of the Vedic religion into South Asia about 1500 BCE), several kingdoms existed in the plains of Bihar. North of the ...
- Videla, Jorge Rafael
- career military officer who was president of Argentina from 1976 to 1981. His government was responsible for human-rights abuses during Argentina's "dirty war," which began as an attempt to suppress ... [1 Related Articles]
- video art
- form of moving-image art that garnered many practitioners in the 1960s and '70s with the widespread availability of inexpensive videotape recorders and the ease of its display through commercial television ...
- video camera
- (from the article "photography, technology of") A still video camera resembling traditional photographic apparatus (the Sony Mavica single-lens reflex) was first demonstrated in 1981. It uses a fast-rotating magnetic disc, two inches in diameter, recording on ...
- video compression
- (from the article "data compression") ...television networking devices. MPEG-4 is designed for "low bandwidth" applications and is common for broadcasting video over the World Wide Web (WWW). (MPEG-3 was subsumed into MPEG-2.) Video compression can ...
- video conference
- (from the article "Engelbart, Douglas") ...Using NLS, he and English (back at Stanford) worked on a shared document in one window (using keyboard and mouse input devices) while at the same time conducting the world's ...
- video detector
- (from the article "television") When the receiver is tuned to a colour signal, the chrominance subcarrier component appears in the output of the video detector, and it is thereupon operated on in circuits that ...
- video disc jockey
- (from the article "MTV") MTV debuted just after midnight on Aug. 1, 1981, with the broadcast of Video Killed the Radio Star by the Buggles. Following the format of Top 40 ...
- video display terminal
- (from the article "computerized typesetting") Some systems have a video display terminal (VDT), consisting of a keyboard and a CRT viewing screen, that enables the operator to see and correct the words as they are ...
- video poker machine
- (from the article "casino") ...percentage. Craps attracts the big bettors in American casinos, most of which demand an advantage no greater than 1.4 percent and some only 1 percent or less. Slot machines and ...
- video random-access-memory
- (from the article "computer") In addition to main memory, computers generally have special video memory (VRAM) to hold graphical images, called bit-maps, for the computer display. This memory is often dual-ported-a new image can ...
- video tape recorder
- electromechanical device that records and reproduces an electronic signal containing audio and video information onto and from magnetic tape. It is commonly used for recording television productions that are intended ... [3 Related Articles]
- video-on-demand
- (from the article "Media and Publishing") ...that the number of DVR-equipped homes would explode from 7 million at the end of 2004 to some 30 million, or close to one-third of American households, within four years. ...
- videocassette
- (from the article "television") In home videocassettes, the recorded signal is not in the formats described in the section Compatible colour television. Instead, the wave forms are converted to a "colour-under" format. Here the ...
- videocassette recorder
- electromechanical device that records, stores, and plays back television programs on a television set by means of a cassette of magnetic tape. A videocassette recorder is commonly used to record ... [7 Related Articles]
- videoconferencing
- (from the article "telephone and telephone system") Another form of video transmission over telephone lines is videoconferencing. A videoconferencing system is quite similar to a videophone, except that the camera and display at each end are intended ...
- videodisc
- rigid circular plate of either metal or plastic used to record video and audio signals for playback. It resembles a phonograph record and can be played on a disc machine ... [2 Related Articles]
- videophone
- device that simultaneously transmits and receives both audio and video signals over telephone lines. Such a device consists of a telephone; a display unit with a television picture tube, camera ... [1 Related Articles]
- VideoPhone 2500
- (from the article "telephone and telephone system") In 1992 AT&T introduced the VideoPhone 2500, the world's first colour videophone that could transmit over analog telephone lines. Unlike the earlier Picturephones, the VideoPhone 2500 employs digital compression methods ...
- VIDEOPLACE
- (from the article "virtual reality") ...the University of Wisconsin created a series of projects on the nature of human creativity in virtual environments, which he later called artificial reality. Much of Krueger's work, especially his ...
- VideoWindow
- (from the article "telephone and telephone system") ...may be reached. In 1990 Bellcore developed a teleconferencing system in which the video images of remote participants appear to be sitting on the opposite side of the room. This ...
- Videvdat
- (from the article "magus") ...The magi were a priestly caste during the Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian periods; later parts of the Avesta, such as the ritualistic sections of the Videvdat (Vendidad), probably derive from ...
- Vidhana Saudha
- (from the article "Bangalore") Prominent buildings include the legislative building Vidhana Saudha (1956), the maharaja of Mysore's palace, and the Mysore Government Museum (1866). Notable local scenic spots are the Lal Bagh (a botanic ...
- Vidicon
- (from the article "television") ...in 1924 and by Philo T. Farnsworth (the Image Dissector) in 1927. These early inventions were soon succeeded by a series of improved tubes such as the Orthicon, the Image ...
- Vidin
- port town, extreme northwestern Bulgaria, on the Danube River. An agricultural and trade centre, Vidin has a fertile hinterland renowned for its wines and is the site of an annual ...
- Vidisha
- town, west-central Madhya Pradesh state, central India. It lies just east of the Betwa River. Formerly called Bhilsa (or Bhelsa), Vidisha is of great antiquity, being mentioned in the Sanskrit ...
- Vidocq, Francois
- adventurer and detective who helped create the police de surete ("security police") in France. [1 Related Articles]
- Vidor, King
- American motion-picture director whose films of the 1920s and '30s in both content and theme were among the most creative of those produced in Hollywood; they deal in relatively uncompromising ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vidova Mountain
- (from the article "Brac") ...153 square miles (395 square km), Brac is one of the larger islands in the Adriatic; it lies southeast of the mainland city of Split. Its maximum elevation, 2,559 feet ...
- Vidric, Vladimir
- (from the article "Croatian literature") ...Western themes were modified by specifically Croatian concerns with the country's lack of development and political subjugation (to Hungary at that time). Well-known writers of that time include Vladimir Vidric ...
- Vidua
- (from the article "weaver") ...several square miles of trees and harbouring millions of birds. Bishop birds (Euplectes) weave nests with a side entrance, generally in wet grassy areas. (See bishop.) Whydahs (Vidua) are social ...
- vidusaka
- (from the article "South Asian arts") The vidusaka (clown) is a noble, good-hearted, blundering fool, the trusted friend of the hero. A bald-headed glutton, comic in speech and manners, he is the darling of the spectators. ...
- Vidyadhara
- (from the article "India") ...Among the important rulers was Dhanga (reigned c. 950-1008), who issued a large number of inscriptions and was generous in donations to Jain and Hindu temples. Dhanga's grandson Vidyadhara (reigned ...
- Vidyapati
- (from the article "Vaisnava-Sahajiya") ...in Bengal as early as the 8th-9th centuries. The divine romance of Krishna and Radha was celebrated by the poets Jayadeva (12th century), Candidas, and Vidyapati (mid-15th century), and parallels ...
- Vidyasagar, Isvar Chandra
- Indian educator and social reformer, considered the father of Bengali prose.
- Vidzeme
- plateau region of central Latvia, roughly corresponding to the historic state of Livonia. It is a hilly, irregular, partially terraced morainic area, dotted with many small morainal lakes. It reaches ... [1 Related Articles]
- Viedma
- city, capital of Rio Negro provincia (province), south-central Argentina. It lies along the western bank of the Negro River 20 miles (32 km) from the river's mouth ...
- Viegas, Francisco Jose
- (from the article "Literature") The winner of the 2006 Fiction Prize of the Association of Portuguese Writers was Francisco Jose Viegas, eclectic cultural journalist, editor, poet, playwright, travel writer, TV presenter, and director of ...
- Vieille, Paul
- French scientist, known for his invention of smokeless powder. [2 Related Articles]
- Vieira da Cruz, Tomaz
- Portuguese poet, musician, and journalist best known for the poems he dedicated to the woman he called his "bronze flower." His poetry evokes Angolan and African themes of beauty, drama, ...
- Vieira da Silva, Maria Elena
- Portuguese-born French painter of intricate, semiabstract compositions. [1 Related Articles]
- Vieira de Mello, Sergio
- Brazilian diplomat (b. March 15, 1948, Rio de Janeiro, Braz.-d. Aug. 19, 2003, Baghdad, Iraq), dedicated his life to attempting to bring peace, assisting refugees, and aiding humanitarian relief in ...
- Vieira, Antonio
- Jesuit missionary, orator, diplomat, and master of classical Portuguese prose who played an active role in both Portuguese and Brazilian history. His sermons, letters, and state papers provide a valuable ... [3 Related Articles]
- Vieira, Joao Bernardo
- (from the article "Guinea-Bissau") Area: 36,125 sq km (13,948 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 1,472,000 | Capital: Bissau | Chief of state: President Joao Bernardo Vieira | Head of government: Prime Ministers ...
- Vieira, Joao Fernandes
- (from the article "Brazil") ...make known to Europe the resources and beauties of Brazil; however, the profit-driven directors of the company refused to support John Maurice's enlightened social policies, and he resigned in 1644. ...
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