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Vienne ... Villanueva, Carlos Raul

Vienne: town, Isere departement, Rhone-Alpes region, southeastern France. It lies along the Rhone River where the latter is joined by the Gere River. In ancient times Vienne was the capital of ...
Vienne River: river, western France, 217 mi (350 km) in length, a left-bank tributary of the Loire. Rising on the Plateau de Millevaches, the Vienne winds through the agricultural regions of five ...
Vienne, Council of: 15th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic church (1311-12), convoked by Pope Clement V at the insistence of Philip IV of France, who demanded the posthumous trial of Pope Boniface ...
Vientiane: largest city and capital of Laos, situated on a plain just northeast of the Mekong River. The city's central river port location in a country relying heavily on its rivers ...
Vieques Island: island and municipio ("municipality"), Puerto Rico. It lies 13 miles (21 km) east of the main island, fronting south on the Caribbean Sea and north on the ...
Vierordt, Karl von: German physician and professor of medicine who developed techniques and instruments for the measurement of various aspects of blood and its circulation.
Vierzon: city, Cher departement, Centre region, central France. It lies along the Canal du Berry, at the confluence of the Cher and Yevre rivers, northwest of Bourges. The city grew from ...
Viet Cong: the guerrilla force that, with the support of the North Vietnamese Army, fought against South Vietnam (late 1950s-1975) and the United States (early 1960s-1973). The name is said to have ...
Viet Minh: organization that led the struggle for Vietnamese independence from French rule. The Viet Minh was formed in China in May 1941 by Ho Chi Minh. Although led primarily by Communists, ...
Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang: the first large-scale revolutionary nationalist organization in Vietnam. Founded officially in 1927, the VNQDD was modeled after the revolutionary Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) of China. Its aim, like that of the ...
Viet-Muong languages: subbranch of the Vietic branch of the Mon-Khmer family of languages, itself a part of the Austroasiatic stock. Vietnamese, the most important language of the group and of the entire ...
Viete, Francois, Seigneur De La Bigotiere: mathematician who introduced the first systematic algebraic notation and contributed to the theory of equations.
Vietnam: country occupying the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula. It has an area of 127,800 square miles (331,000 square kilometres). From north to south it extends about 1,025 miles (1,650 ...
Vietnam: country situated along the eastern coast of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia. The country's maximum length from northwest to southeast is about 1,025 miles (1,650 km), and maximum width ...
Vietnam War: (1954-75), a protracted conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and ...
Vietnamese language: official language of Vietnam, spoken in the early 21st century by more than 70 million people. It belongs to the Viet-Muong subbranch of the Vietic branch of the Mon-Khmer family, ...
Vietnamese literature: body of literature produced by Vietnamese-speaking people, primarily in Vietnam.
Vieux Fort: town and former capital of St. Lucia island in the eastern Caribbean Sea. It lies 19 miles (30 km) south of the harbour of Castries and is situated near the ...
Vieux-Colombier, Theatre of the: French theatre founded in Paris in 1913 by the writer and critic Jacques Copeau to present alternatives to both the realistic "well-made" plays of the time and the star system ...
Vieuxtemps, Henry: Belgian violinist and composer who was one of the most influential figures in the development of violin playing.
viewfinder: camera component that shows the area of the subject to be included in a photograph. In modern cameras it usually is part of a direct visual or range finder focusing ...
Vigano, Salvatore: Italian dancer and choreographer whose innovations included the synthesis of dance and pantomime, which he called "coreodramma," in highly dramatic ballets based on historical and mythological themes and Shakespearean plays.
Vigee-Lebrun, Elisabeth: French painter, one of the most successful women artists (unusually so for her time), particularly noted for her portraits of women.
Vigeland, Gustav: Norwegian sculptor who was best known for creating an outdoor sculpture complex in Frogner Park, Oslo.
Vigevano: town, Pavia province, Lombardia (Lombardy) region, northern Italy, on the right bank of the Ticino River, southwest of Milan. An old silk-manufacturing town, it was the site during the Renaissance ...
Vigfusson, Gudbrandur: one of the 19th century's foremost scholars of Old Norse, who completed the Richard Cleasby Icelandic-English Dictionary (1874; 2nd ed., 1957) and published editions of a number of Icelandic sagas ...
Vigilius: pope from 537 to 555, known for his major role in what later was called the "Three Chapters Controversy," a complex theological dispute between the Eastern and Western churches.
Vignola, Giacomo da: also called Giacomo Barozzi or Giacomo Barozio architect who, with Andrea Palladio and Giulio Romano, dominated Italian Mannerist architectural design and stylistically anticipated the Baroque.
Vigny, Alfred-Victor, comte de: (count of ) poet, dramatist, and novelist who was the most philosophical of the French Romantic writers.
Vigo: port town and naval station, Pontevedra provincia, in the comunidad autonoma ("autonomous community") of Galicia, northwestern Spain. Vigo lies along the southeastern shore of the Vigo Inlet of the Atlantic ...
Vigo, Jean: French film director whose blending of lyricism with realism and Surrealism, the whole underlined with a cynical, anarchic approach to life, distinguished him as an original talent. Although he completed ...
vihara: early type of Buddhist monastery consisting of an open court surrounded by open cells accessible through an entrance porch. The viharas in India were originally constructed to ...
Vihari: town, south-central Punjab province, Pakistan. The town lies on a flat alluvial plain bordered by the Sutlej River on the southeast. It is a market and processing centre for cotton ...
vihuela: stringed musical instrument that in Spanish Renaissance art music held the popularity accorded the lute elsewhere in Europe. Built like a large guitar, it had six, sometimes seven, double courses ...
Vijayanagar: (Sanskrit: "City of Victory"), great ruined city in southern India and also the empire ruled first from that city and later from Penukonda (in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh) between 1336 ...
Vijayawada: city, east-central Andhra Pradesh state, southern India, on the Krishna River. The city is a centre for Hindu pilgrimages. It is also known for its toys, many of them miniatures. ...
vijnana: (Sanskrit), in the Buddhist chain of dependent origination, thought or knowledge giving rise to name and form. See pratitya-samutpada.
vijnana-skandha: in Buddhist philosophy, one of the five skandhas, or aggregates, that constitute all that exists. Thought (vijnana/vinnana) is the psychic process that results from other psychological phenomena. The simplest form ...
vijnapti-karman: (Sanskrit: "manifest activity"), in Buddhist philosophy, a kind of action that manifests itself outside of the actor and is capable of being recognized by others. Of the three kinds of ...
Viking: member of the Scandinavian seafaring warriors who raided and colonized wide areas of Europe from the 9th to the 11th century and whose disruptive influence profoundly affected European history. These ...
Viking: either of two robotic U.S. spacecraft launched by NASA for extended study of the planet Mars. The Viking project was the first planetary exploration mission to transmit pictures from the ...
Vila: capital and largest town of the republic of Vanuatu, southwestern Pacific Ocean. Located on Mele Bay on the southwest coast of Efate, Vila is a port and the commercial centre ...
Vila do Conde: town and concelho (township), Porto district, northwestern Portugal. It lies at the mouth of the Ave River, north of Porto. Dating from Roman times, the town received its charter about ...
Vila Nova de Gaia: town and concelho (township), Porto district, northwestern Portugal. It lies on the south bank of the Douro River directly across from the city of Porto. In its many armazens (great ...
Vila Real: town, capital, and concelho (township), Vila Real district, northern Portugal. It lies at the confluence of the Corgo and Cabril rivers, east of Porto. The town, which was founded in ...
Vila Velha: coastal city, east-central Espirito Santo state, eastern Brazil. It lies along Espirito Santo Bay and is just southeast of Vitoria, the state capital. It was settled in 1535 and was ...
Vilakazi, Benedict Wallet: Zulu poet, novelist, and educator who devoted his career to the teaching and study of the Zulu language and literature.
Vilar, Jean: French actor and director who revitalized the Theatre National Populaire as a forceful educational and creative influence in French life.
Vilas, William F.: a leader of the U.S. Democratic Party in the late 19th century and a member of President Grover Cleveland's Cabinet.
Vilcabamba, Cordillera de: small range of the Andes Mountains in south-central Peru, extending about 160 miles (260 km) northwestward from the city of Cuzco. The range, marked by the erosive action of rivers ...
Vilcea: (county, Romania): see Valcea.
Vildrac, Charles: French poet, playwright, and essayist whose idealistic commitment to humanitarianism characterized his artistic and personal life.
Vile, William: outstanding English cabinetmaker of the 18th century.
Viljoen, Marais: South African politician who was the fifth state president (1979-84) of South Africa (a largely ceremonial post).
villa: country estate, complete with house, grounds, and subsidiary buildings. The term villa particularly applies to the suburban summer residences of the ancient Romans and their later Italian imitators. In Great ...
Villa Clara: province, north central Cuba, bounded on the north by Nicholas Channel, and by the provinces of Cienfuegos on the southwest, Matanzas on the west, and Sancti Spiritus on the east. ...
Villa d'Este: estate in Tivoli near Rome with buildings, fountains, and terraced gardens designed (1550) by the Mannerist architect Pirro Ligorio for the governor Cardinal Ippolito II d'Este. Before being confiscated as ...
Villa Giulia, Museo Nazionale di: (Italian: National Museum of Villa Giulia), museum in Rome principally devoted to antiquities of the pre-Roman period from ancient Umbria, Latium, and southern Etruria. It is housed in the Villa ...
Villa Maria: city, east central Cordoba province, north central Argentina, on the Rio Tercero at the northwestern limits of the Pampa. Founded in 1867, it was nominated but rejected as the site ...
Villa Nueva: suburb east of the city of Mendoza, in north Mendoza provincia (province), western Argentina. It lies in the intensively irrigated Mendoza River valley, at the base of ...
Villa Obregn: delegacion (legation), north-central Distrito Federal (Federal District), central Mexico, in the Valley of Mexico. Formerly known as San Angel and San Jacinto Tenanitla, the original settlement dates ...
Villa, Pancho: Mexican revolutionary and guerrilla leader, who fought against the regimes of both Porfirio Diaz and Victoriano Huerta and after 1914 engaged in civil war and banditry.
Villa-Lobos, Heitor: Brazilian composer and one of the foremost Latin American composers of the 20th century, whose music combines indigenous melodic and rhythmic elements with Western classical music.
Villach: city, Bundesland Karnten (federal province of Carinthia), southern Austria, on the Drava (Drau) River at the eastern foot of the Villacher Alps, west of Klagenfurt. It originated as the Roman ...
Villafranca, Conference of: meeting between French emperor Napoleon III and Emperor Francis Joseph I of Austria, resulted in a preliminary peace (July 11, 1859) ending the Franco-Piedmontese war against Austria (1859); it marked ...
Village, The: city, Oklahoma county, central Oklahoma, U.S. The Village was founded by local store owners in 1949 to prevent the then-rural area from being annexed by Oklahoma City. It comprises only ...
Villahermosa: city, capital of Tabasco state, southeastern Mexico. It is in the Gulf lowlands at 33 ft (10 m) above sea level, on the Rio Grijalva. Founded in 1596 as Villa ...
villancico: genre of Spanish song, most prevalent in the Renaissance but found also in earlier and later periods. It is a poetic and musical form and was sung with or without ...
Villandry: village in Indre-et-Loire departement, Centre region, France. It is situated along the Cher River southwest of Tours and is the site of a chateau built in 1532 by Jean Le ...
villanella: 16th-century Italian rustic part-song, usually for three unaccompanied voices, having no set form other than the presence of a refrain. The villanella was most often written in chordal style with ...
villanelle: rustic song in Italy, where the term originated (Italian villanella from villano: "peasant"); the term was used in France to designate a short poem of popular character favoured by poets ...
Villani, Giovanni: Italian chronicler whose European attitude to history foreshadowed Humanism.
Villanova University: private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Villanova, Pennsylvania, U.S. It is affiliated with the Augustinian order of the Roman Catholic church. It offers degree programs at the associate, bachelor's, ...
Villanovan culture: Early Iron Age culture in Italy, named after the village of Villanova, near Bologna, where in 1853 the first of the characteristic cemeteries was found. The Villanovan people branched from ...
Villanueva y Geltru: city, Barcelona province, in the autonomous community (region) of Catalonia, northeastern Spain, southwest of Barcelona. The city was chartered by James I of Aragon in 1274. It has a museum ...
Villanueva, Carlos Raul: Venezuelan architect often credited with being the father of modern architecture in his country.