(from the article "Milky Way Galaxy") ...comprise a three-dimensional determination of stellar motion. They may be divided into a set of components related to directions in the Galaxy: U, directed away from the galactic centre; V, ...
(from the article "football, gridiron") ...as Walter Camp (not literally a coach but an adviser), Amos Alonzo Stagg at the University of Chicago, George Woodruff at Pennsylvania, and Lorin Deland at Harvard, the coaches who ...
(from the article "Page, Sir Frederick Handley") ...the first British aircraft manufacturing corporation. During World War I he produced the first twin-engine bomber, which was capable of carrying 1,800 pounds (815 kg) of bombs. He then designed ...
(from the article "helicopter") The first group consists of two types, the most important of which is the tilt-rotor aircraft, such as the Bell/Boeing V-22, in which a helicopter rotor is tilted vertically for ...
(from the article "automobile") ...paving the way for this to become the dominant automotive architecture within a decade. These were generally smaller and lighter than their predecessors and were powered by smaller engines. The ...
(from the article "automotive industry") ...with the general trend in the direction of incorporating the body, bumpers, and mudguards into a single pattern of smoothly flowing lines. A number of technical features came into general ...
(from the article "submarine") ...premium. Hellmuth Walter, a German scientist, developed a turbine propulsion system using oxygen generated by hydrogen peroxide to operate the turbine while submerged. A simplified submarine, the V-80, built in ...
(from the article "Asteroid taxonomic classes") ...analogous to the pyroxene-olivine achondrite meteorites. The E-class asteroids have the highest albedos and have spectral reflectances that match those of the enstatite achondrite meteorites. V-class asteroids have reflectance properties ...
(from the article "gasoline engine") ...and the V type (see part D of the figure). The in-line engine has a single row of cylinders extending vertically upward from the crankcase and aligned with the crankshaft ...
(from the article "telephone and telephone system") ...codes form an integral part of the modulation process, making the signal less susceptible to noise. The first modem standard to incorporate both of these technology breakthroughs was the V.32 ...
(from the article "telephone and telephone system") ...began to consider the possibility of full-duplex transmission over the PSTN at even higher rates than those allowed by the upgraded V.32 standard. This work resulted in the issuance in ...
(from the article "telephone and telephone system") ...recent modems, several other peripheral standards were also being developed. These peripheral standards fell into two categories: error control and compression. In 1988 the CCITT adopted a standard (V.42) that ...
(from the article "naval ship") ...needed for jets. In the late 1960s Britain developed a jet fighter, the Harrier, that was capable of taking off vertically or (with a heavy payload) after a short roll. ...
(from the article "Palestine") ...sympathized with the Palestinian Arabs, whereas the British government in London tended to side with the Zionists. The Jewish community in Palestine, the Yishuv, established its own assembly (Va'ad Leumi), ...
(from the article "Africa") ...40 percent of the total world reserves. The stones are found in a number of major belts south of the Sahara. The principal known reserves of diamonds in their primary ...
(from the article "Vaal River") ...a shallow bed. Most of the year its flow is minimal, but the winter months can create the muddy torrent for which the Vaal ("Gray-brown") is named. The river's flow ...
northern tributary of the Orange River, South Africa. Rising at Sterkfontein Beacon near Breyten, in Mpumalanga province, it flows 750 miles (1,210 km) southwest to its confluence with the Orange ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Netherlands, The") ...feature of the Hoge Park Veluwe National Park. The only part of the country where elevations exceed 350 feet (105 metres) is the border zone of the Ardennes. The Netherlands' ...
city, western Finland, on the Gulf of Bothnia. Founded in 1606 by the Swedish king Charles IX, it was chartered in 1611 and named for the reigning house of Vasa. ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Prajapati") ...himself by undergoing tapas (ascetic practices); other stories allude to his own creation from the primal waters. His female emanation, who aided him in the creation of other beings, was ...
(from the article "Pest") ...varied agriculture and is noted for its fruit production (particularly apples) as well as its sugar beet and tomato crops. The principal towns and cities of the county have a ...
(from the article "Maya Mountains") ...miles (115 km) northeastward from across the Guatemalan border into central Belize. The range falls abruptly to the coastal plain to the east and north but more gradually to the ...
(from the article "South Asian arts") By the 12th century, a new Kannada genre, the vacana ("saying" or "prose poem"), had come into being with the Virasaiva saints. In the language of the people, the saints ...
in crystallography, absence of an atom or molecule from a point that it would normally occupy in a crystal. Such an imperfection (crystal defect) in the regular spacing of atoms ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Romanian literature") Lyric poetry was cultivated toward the end of the century in love songs (1769-99), in the tradition of the ancient Greek poet Anacreon, by Alecu Vacarescu. Alecu's father, Ienachita, a ...
(from the article "Vacarescu Family") Elena (also spelled Helene; 1866-1947), a niece of Iancu, was a poet and novelist who wrote in French. A maid of honour of Queen Elizabeth of Romania, she had a ...
(from the article "Romanian literature") ...of the ancient Greek poet Anacreon, by Alecu Vacarescu. Alecu's father, Ienachita, a moralist poet, also wrote the first grammar of Romanian; while his son Iancu, the father of Romanian ...
(from the article "Romanian literature") Lyric poetry was cultivated toward the end of the century in love songs (1769-99), in the tradition of the ancient Greek poet Anacreon, by Alecu Vacarescu. Alecu's father, Ienachita, a ...
(from the article "Romanian literature") ...Ienachita, a moralist poet, also wrote the first grammar of Romanian; while his son Iancu, the father of Romanian poetry, overshadowed his predecessors by his poems. The fourth Vacarescu poet ...
(from the article "Romania") Area: 238,391 sq km (92,043 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 21,549,000 | Capital: Bucharest | Chief of state: Presidents Traian Basescu, Nicolae Vacaroiu (acting from April 20), and, from ...
(from the article "Indian philosophy") ...attempted to integrate this linguistic philosophy into his own form of advaitavada, though later followers of Sankara did not accept the doctrine of sphota. Even Vacaspati, who accepted many of ...
(from the article "feast") ...has been termed the secular (or profane) sphere. Most secular holidays, however, have some relationship-in terms of origin-with religious feasts and festivals. The modern practice of vacations-i.e., periods in which ...
(from the article "Camargue") ...and grains; more recently fruits and vegetables have been cultivated. The great free-roaming herds of cattle and horses the region is known for are still found, especially around the edge ...
suspension of weakened, killed, or fragmented microorganisms or toxins or of antibodies or lymphocytes that is administered primarily to prevent disease. [39 Related Articles]
malignant tumour of cats that develops at the site of a vaccine injection. The disease was described in 1991, but its low incidence (about 5 cases in 10,000 vaccinated cats) ...
(from the article "polio") ...vaccine-derived viruses (cVDPVs), which cause paralysis and occur within populations that have low polio-immunization rates. OPV has also been known to cause rare cases of what is known as vaccine-associated ...
genus of about 450 species of shrubs, in the heath family (Ericaceae), found widely throughout the Northern Hemisphere and extending south along tropical mountain ranges, especially in Malesia. The shrubs ... [1 Related Articles]
town (township) on the island of Mauritius, in the western Indian Ocean. It lies in the western highlands region of the country, about 10 miles (16 km) south of Port ...
(from the article "ocean") ...coast of the western United States in the late 1950s and completely baffled scientists. The anomalies were charted from southern California to northern Washington and out several hundred kilometres. Victor ...
(from the article "porpoise") ...and is hunted in some regions. During the Middle Ages this animal was considered a royal delicacy. The other members of the genus are more restricted in distribution. The
(from the article "Czechoslovak region, history of") ...refused to conform to the standards of intellectual discipline set by Novotny. He was still able to answer back with sanctions: Jan Benes was sent to prison for antistate propaganda; ...
(from the article "algae") ...with mucocysts (mucilage-releasing bodies) occasionally found in freshwater or marine environments; fewer than 50 species; Heterosigma, Vacuolaria, and Olisthodiscus.Previously placed ...
(from the article "fungus") ...of the apical zone, which is rich in cytoplasmic components, such as nuclei, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, and vesicles, but is devoid of vacuoles, and (3) the ...
in biology, a space within a cell that is empty of cytoplasm, lined with a membrane, and filled with fluid. Especially in protozoa, vacuoles are cytoplasmic organs (organelles), performing functions ... [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "Dielectric constants of some materials") all processes and physical measurements carried out under conditions of below-normal atmospheric pressure. A process or physical measurement is generally performed in a vacuum for one of the following reasons: ...
(from the article "steel") In this process, employed for casting steels that contain easily oxidized alloying elements, a consumable electrode made of forged steel or of compacted powder or sponge is continuously melted by ...
(from the article "railroad") There are two principal types of continuous train braking system: vacuum, which now survives mostly on Third World railroads, and compressed air, the inherently greater efficiency of which has been ...
(from the article "thermionic power converter") The available power and the efficiency of a thermionic converter can be severely limited by buildup of space charge between the electrodes. The vacuum type of thermionic converter uses a ...
(from the article "frozen prepared food") Batch-type ovens are ideally suited to cooking under vacuum. In vacuum cooking, meats are cooked at reduced pressure and temperature. In one vacuum technique, known as sous-vide cooking, foods are ...
(from the article "fruit processing") ...heat-sensitive products such as raspberries or cherries, the fruit should be precooled prior to storage. Precooling can be accomplished by hydrocooling (immersion of the fruit in cold water) or vacuum ...
(from the article "distillation") A variation of the reduced-pressure process uses a vacuum pump to produce a very high vacuum. This method, called vacuum distillation, is sometimes employed when dealing with substances that normally ...
(from the article "fish processing") The principal methods of drying, or dehydrating, fish are by forced-air drying, vacuum drying, or vacuum freeze-drying. Each of these methods involves adding heat to aid in the removal of ...
(from the article "parturition") The vacuum extractor is a caplike device that is attached by suction to the fetal scalp and is used as an alternative to delivery by forceps. This technique is employed ...
(from the article "analysis") ...filter while the precipitate is trapped. When the filter has a small pore size, the normal filtration rate is slow but can be increased by filtering into a flask that ...
vessel with double walls, the space between which is evacuated. It was invented by the British chemist and physicist Sir James Dewar in the 1890s. Thermos is a proprietary name ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "vacuum technology") The McLeod gauge takes advantage of Boyle's law (the product of pressure and volume for a given quantity of gas remains constant if a constant temperature is maintained) to determine ...
(from the article "art conservation and restoration") ...uses a thermoplastic wax-resin mixture. Originally executed with heated irons as in the glue-paste method, it increased in popularity by the introduction, around 1950, of the so-called "vacuum hot table."
(from the article "steel") Many induction furnaces are installed and operated in vacuum chambers. This is called vacuum induction melting, or VIM. When liquid steel is placed in a vacuum, removal of carbon, oxygen, ...
(from the article "plastic") ...it may be capable of forming a free, flexible membrane as long as the molecular weight is high enough to support the stretching. In this heated state, the sheet can ...
(from the article "Mobil Corporation") Mobil Oil's origins date to the 19th century. One predecessor, Vacuum Oil Company, was founded in 1866 and, after 1882, became part of the Standard Oil Company and Trust. Another ...
(from the article "steel") A modification of the tank degassers is the vacuum oxygen decarburizer (VOD), which has an oxygen lance in the centre of the tank lid to enhance carbon removal under vacuum. ...
(from the article "meat processing") Oxygen is required for many bacteria to grow. For this reason most meats are vacuum-packaged, which extends the storage life under refrigerated conditions to approximately 100 days. In addition, vacuum ...
(from the article "steel") Vacuum ingot pouring is often employed to produce very large ingots that are subsequently processed, in expensive forging and machining operations, into such products as rotors for power generators. In ...
(from the article "Hauksbee, Francis, The Elder") ...a fellow of the Royal Society in 1705, he contributed numerous papers to the society's Philosophical Transactions, including an account of a two-cylinder pump that served as a pattern for ...
(from the article "mass spectrometry") In the vacuum spark source, a pulsed, high-frequency potential of about 50 kilovolts is built up between two electrodes until electrical breakdown occurs. Hot spots appear on the electrodes, and ...
all processes and physical measurements carried out under conditions of below-normal atmospheric pressure. A process or physical measurement is generally performed in a vacuum for one of the following reasons: ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "electrometer") A much more sensitive device is the vacuum-tube electrometer, a direct-current amplifier capable of measuring currents as minute as 10-15 amperes (about 10,000 electrons per second). This instrument, however, is ...
(from the article "spectroscopy") ...be investigated provides a less perturbing means of excitation. Higher energy excitation corresponds to shorter wavelengths, but unfortunately, there are not many intense sources of ultraviolet and vacuum-ultraviolet radiation, and ...
one of two Hindu subsects of the Srivaisnava, the other being the Tenkalai. Though the two groups use both Sanskrit and Tamil scriptures, the Vadakalai relies more on Sanskrit texts, ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "South Asian arts") ...times (18th century). The term sruti was also used to define consonance and dissonance, as these terms were understood in the period. In this connection, four terms are mentioned: vadi, ...
(from the article "Indian philosophy") ...of Umasvatis, however, is the first systematic work, and Siddhasena (7th century AD) the first great logician. Other important figures are Akalanka (8th century), Manikyanandi, Vadideva, Hemchandra (12th century), Prabhachandra ...
French filmmaker (b. Jan. 26, 1928, Paris, France-d. Feb. 11, 2000, Paris), showcased the appreciation of beautiful women that defined his personal life by featuring them in his professional life-about ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "India") The rise of Mysore to importance dates to the mid-17th century, when rulers of the Vadiyar dynasty, such as Kanthirava Narasaraja and Cikka Deva Raja, fought campaigns to extend Vadiyar ...
(from the article "Vadodara") ...and other educational and cultural institutions, including several museums. Among the city's varied products are cotton textiles and homespun cloth, chemicals, matches, machinery, and furniture. Vadodara is a rail and ...
city, administrative headquarters of Vadodara district, east central Gujarat state, west central India, on the Visvamitra River, southeast of Ahmadabad. The earliest record of the city is in a grant ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "vadose zone") ...depending upon several factors. These include the environment and the type of earth material present. Water within this interval, which is moving downward under the influence of gravity, is called ...
region of aeration above the water table. This zone also includes the capillary fringe above the water table, the height of which will vary according to the grain size of ... [2 Related Articles]
town, northern Norway. Located on the northern shore of Varangerfjorden, the original settlement was on the adjacent island of Vassoya, but in the early 1700s the port was reestablished on ...
gold coin-like ornament with runic inscriptions and rich designs, discovered in Ostergotland, Swed., probably dating from the 5th century. A 24-character futhark (runic alphabet), arranged in three groups of eight ...
(from the article "Liechtenstein") ...the regulations of the princely house. The constitution of 1921 provides for a unicameral Landtag, or parliament, which consists of 25 members elected to four-year terms. The traditional regions of ...
capital of Liechtenstein, central Europe, in the Rhine Valley. The seat of one of the two former lordships (Schellenberg and Vaduz) that united to form the principality in 1719, Vaduz ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "scorpion") ...in terms of density, diversity, population, biomass, and role in community ecology. Many species can locally attain densities of one or more individuals per square metre. Vaejovis ...
(from the article "Australia") ...Catholic historians) saw this as the discovery of the southern land. But Quiros's exultation was brief; troubles forced his return to Latin America. The other ship of the expedition, under ...
Greek insurgent, founding member of the Greek Communist Party, and commander of the communist-led Democratic Army in the civil war against the Greek government (1946-49).
(from the article "Mannerism") ...of S. Michele Visdomini, Florence) and Rosso's "Deposition" (1521; Pinacoteca Comunale, Volterra). In the early 1520s Rosso journeyed to Rome, where he joined the artists Giulio Romano, Perino del Vaga, ...
Russian ballerina and teacher who developed a technique and system of instruction based on the classical style of the Imperial Russian Ballet but which also incorporated aspects of the more ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Gujarat") ...and Kumarapala were the best known Solanki kings; the famous writer Hemacandra flourished during this period (12th century). Karnadeva Vaghela, of the following Vaghela dynasty, was defeated in about 1299 ...
(from the article "Gujarat") ...and cultural fields. Siddharaja Jayasimha and Kumarapala were the best known Solanki kings; the famous writer Hemacandra flourished during this period (12th century). Karnadeva Vaghela, of the following Vaghela dynasty, ...
canal in female mammals that receives the male reproductive cells, or sperm, and is part of the birth canal during the birth process. In humans, it also functions as an ... [13 Related Articles]
(from the article "reproductive system disease") ...persons the uterus and fallopian tubes often are absent, although the general physique may be female. Even with normal ovaries, absence of the uterus occasionally occurs. A less rare abnormality ...
(from the article "contraception") ...contraceptive methods are too ineffective to be practical. Spermicides, whether in the form of cream, foam, or jelly, are only about 80 percent effective when used without some kind of ...
(from the article "contraception") ...sheathing the penis with a condom, by covering the uterine cervix with a diaphragm or cervical cap (used with a spermicidal cream or jelly), or by inserting a female condom ...
involuntary muscle spasm that closes the opening to the vagina in the female reproductive tract. The spasm may be so intense that the vagina seems pathologically obstructed. Vaginismus is a ... [3 Related Articles]
inflammation of the vagina, usually due to infection. The chief symptom is the abnormal flow of a whitish or yellowish discharge from the vagina (leukorrhea). The treatment of vaginitis depends ... [1 Related Articles]
state or action of one who has no established home and drifts from place to place without visible or lawful means of support. Traditionally a vagrant was thought to be ... [1 Related Articles]
longest and most complex of the cranial nerves. The vagus nerve runs from the brain through the face and thorax to the abdomen. It is a mixed nerve that contains ... [8 Related Articles]
