| | - United International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual Property
- (from the article "World Intellectual Property Organization") ...for works that were produced in other member countries. The two organizations, which had established separate secretariats to enforce their respective treaties, merged in 1893 to become the United International ...
- United Iraqi Alliance
- (from the article "Iraq") ...however, took place on August 27 in Karbala between the Mahdi Army of Muqtada al-Sadr and forces belonging to the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq. In mid-September, Sadr withdrew his ...
- United Irishmen, Society of
- Irish political organization formed in October 1791 by Theobald Wolfe Tone, James Napper Tandy, and Thomas Russell to achieve Roman Catholic emancipation and (with Protestant cooperation) parliamentary reform. British attempts ... [5 Related Articles]
- United Kingdom
- island country located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. The United Kingdom comprises the whole of the island of Great Britain-which contains England, Wales, and Scotland-as well as the ... [576 Related Articles]
- United Kingdom Infrared Telescope
- (from the article "telescope") Another example of an infrared telescope is the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT), which has a 3.8-metre mirror made of Cer-Vit (trademark), a glass ceramic that has a very low ...
- United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves
- (from the article "Brazil") ...printing office, and the Bank of Brazil. He also founded a royal library, a military academy, and medical and law schools. His decree of December 16, 1815, designated the Portuguese ...
- United Kingdom Trust
- (from the article "Haldane, Elizabeth Sanderson") ...housing reformer Octavia Hill, Haldane founded in Edinburgh (1884) an organization for slum reconstruction and housing-project management. She was the first female (from 1914) of Andrew Carnegie's United Kingdom Trust, ...
- United Kingdom, flag of the
- red, white, and blue flag in which are combined the Crosses of St. George (England), St. Andrew (Scotland), and St. Patrick (Ireland). Initially the flag was called a jack only ... [32 Related Articles]
- United Kingdom, history of
- (from the article "United Kingdom") Apart from a few short references in classical literature, knowledge of Britain before the Roman conquest (begun AD 43) is derived entirely from archaeological research. It is thus lacking in ...
- United Labor Party
- (from the article "Armenia") ...a policy dispute with Kocharyan, and his Orinats Yerkir party quit the ruling three-party coalition government and went into opposition. Tigran Torosyan was named new parliament speaker. The United Labor ...
- United Left
- (from the article "Denmark") To counter Hojre, several groups that represented farmers combined in 1870 to form the United Left (Forenede Venstre), which in 1872 secured a majority in the Folketing. The Left demanded ...
- United Left
- (from the article "Communist Party of Spain") ...from the Soviet Union. In Spain's first democratic elections, the PCE attracted little support, and by 1986 it had split into several relatively small factions. Subsequently, the PCE joined the ...
- United Liberation Front of Assam
- (from the article "Bhutan") Virtually untouched by terrorist activities in the past, Bhutan began 2004 with a small-scale war as its 8,000-man army was sent to flush out Indian insurgent groups such as the ...
- United Lutheran Church in America
- (from the article "Lutheranism") ...in the 20th century. The first two occurred in 1917, when three Norwegian synods formed the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America (NLCA), and in 1918, when three German-language synods formed ...
- United Malays National Organization
- (from the article "Onn bin Jaafar, Dato'") ...a part in the government would lead to the "extinction" of the Malay race. Convening a meeting of more than 40 Malay organizations in March 1946 to oppose the union, ...
- United Methodist Church
- in the United States, a major Protestant church formed in 1968 in Dallas, Texas, by the union of The Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church. It developed from ... [5 Related Articles]
- United Mine Workers of America
- American labour union, founded in 1890, that engaged in bitter, though often successful, disputes with coal mine operators for safe working conditions, fair pay, and other worker benefits. An industrial ... [2 Related Articles]
- United National Congress
- (from the article "Trinidad and Tobago") In parliamentary elections held on Nov. 5, 2007, in Trinidad and Tobago, Prime Minister Patrick Manning's ruling People's National Movement took 26 of the 41 seats in the parliament, while ...
- United National Front
- (from the article "Sri Lanka") In a generally peaceful vote on April 2, Kumaratunga's United People's Freedom Alliance won 105 seats and replaced Wickremesinghe's United National Front, whose allotment fell to 82 seats, as the ...
- United National Independence Party
- (from the article "Southern Africa") ...the nationalists had been released and new constitutions drawn up, and in 1963 the federation was dissolved. In the following year the Malawi Congress Party under Hastings Banda and the ...
- United National Party
- (from the article "Sri Lanka") ...support from small and radical partner parties to command a majority in Parliament. Although the 2005 presidential election was closely contested and probably would have been won by the opposition ...
- United Nations
- international organization established on October 24, 1945. The United Nations was the second multipurpose international organization established in the 20th century that was worldwide in scope and membership. Its predecessor, ... [254 Related Articles]
- United Nations Capital Development Fund
- United Nations (UN) organization established by the General Assembly in 1966 and fully operational in 1974. Headquartered in New York City, the UNDF, a semi-autonomous unit of the United Nations ...
- United Nations Command
- (from the article "Korean War") It was not until the first weeks of August that the United Nations Command, or UNC, as MacArthur's theatre forces had been redesignated, started to slow the North Koreans. The ...
- United Nations Commission on Human Rights
- (from the article "Ireland") ...had the highest proportion (36.6%) of workers born outside Ireland, mainly from Eastern Europe, China, and West Africa. Asylum seekers made up a very small percentage of immigrants. The UN ...
- United Nations Conference on Disarmament
- (from the article "Chemical Weapons Convention") international treaty that bans the use of chemical weapons in war and also prohibits all development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, or transfer of such weapons. The CWC was adopted by the ...
- United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
- conference held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (June 3-14, 1992), to reconcile worldwide economic development with protection of the environment. The Earth Summit was the largest gathering of world leaders ... [4 Related Articles]
- United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
- (from the article "United Nations") In response to growing worldwide concern with environmental issues, the General Assembly organized the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, which was held in Stockholm in 1972 and led ...
- United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names
- (from the article "map") ...is exercised in the United States by the Board on Geographic Names and in the United Kingdom by the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names; worldwide these activities are coordinated by ...
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
- permanent organ of the United Nations (UN) General Assembly, established in 1964 to promote trade, investment, and development in developing countries. Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, UNCTAD has approximately 190 members. [1 Related Articles]
- United Nations Conferences on the Law of the Sea
- (from the article "Netherlands, The") ...on the development of the Dutch economy. The gas fields are in the northeastern Netherlands-with the largest field at Slochteren-and beneath the Dutch sector of the North Sea. Under the ...
- United Nations Convention Against Corruption
- (from the article "Law, Crime, and Law Enforcement") ...treaties took effect in 2005. The Kyoto Protocol on global warming, having been ratified by 140 countries following its negotiation in Japan in 1997, entered into force in February. The ...
- United Nations Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
- (from the article "military law") Both the European human rights convention and the United Nations Covenant on Civil and Political Rights expressly recognize that the right of free association may lawfully be restricted in the ...
- United Nations Development Programme
- United Nations (UN) organization formed in 1965 to help countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable human development, an approach to economic growth that emphasizes improving the quality of life of ... [7 Related Articles]
- United Nations Emergency Force
- (from the article "Egypt") ...decision to abandon his policy of "militant inaction" toward Israel. For 10 years, relative peace on the border with Israel had been maintained precariously by the presence of the UNEF ...
- United Nations Environment Programme
- organization established in 1972 to guide and coordinate environmental activities within the United Nations (UN) system. UNEP promotes international cooperation on environmental issues, provides guidance to UN organizations, and, through ... [5 Related Articles]
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
- (from the article "The Environment") The 11th Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) met in Montreal on Nov. 28-Dec. 9, 2005. About 190 nations attended as signatories to ...
- United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Office of the
- department of the United Nations (UN) created to aid and protect human rights. The UN General Assembly Resolution 48/141 created the OHCHR in its present form in 1993. The OHCHR ...
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Office of the
- organization established as the successor to the International Refugee Organization (IRO; 1946-52) by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in 1951 to provide legal and political protection for refugees until ... [15 Related Articles]
- United Nations Human Development Report
- (from the article "Namibia") In the 2005 UN Human Development Report, Namibia moved up only slightly from 126th of 177 countries to 125th place. An estimated 40% of the population lived below the poverty ...
- United Nations Human Rights Committee
- (from the article "gas chamber") ...vacate the federal appeals court ruling that lethal gas was unconstitutional because the California legislature called for lethal injection unless a prisoner specifically requested lethal gas. The United Nations Human ...
- United Nations Industrial Development Organization
- international UN development agency, based in Vienna, that was established by the General Assembly on January 1, 1967. UNIDO's governing body, the General Conference, meets every two years and determines ...
- United Nations Institute for Training and Research
- United Nations organization established in 1965 to provide high-priority training and research projects to help facilitate the UN objectives of world peace and security and of economic and social progress. ...
- United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
- (from the article "Lebanon") ...the Lebanese government's pledge to deploy 15,000 Lebanese army troops along the southern borders, called for the Israelis to withdraw behind Lebanese borders, and promised the formation of a United ...
- United Nations Korean Reconstruction Agency
- economic-rehabilitation program (1950-58) established to aid South Korea in recovering from the disruption caused by the 1945 partition creating the two Korean republics. In addition to problems of economic reconstruction, ... [1 Related Articles]
- United Nations Mission in Eritrea and Ethiopia
- (from the article "Ethiopia") The border dispute with Eritrea continued throughout 2006, and the UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea was extended through January 2007. The stalemate between the two countries was generally stable. ...
- United Nations Mission in Kosovo
- (from the article "Serbia") ...bombing campaign against Yugoslavia in response to increasing violence against its Albanian population; subsequently, the Yugoslav government agreed to remove its security forces from Kosovo. The United Nations Mission in ...
- United Nations Mission in Nepal
- (from the article "Nepal") With the signing of a comprehensive peace accord between the government and Maoist rebels in November 2006, Nepal's 11-year-long Maoist insurgency had come to an end. In January the United ...
- United Nations Mission to the Central African Republic
- (from the article "Central African Republic") ...when France withdrew its troops from Bangui and closed its long-standing military base in Bouar. The United Nations took over the peacekeeping mission and six months later sent in troops ...
- United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
- agency of the United Nations (UN) Secretariat originally established in 1972 to coordinate international relief activities to countries struck by natural or other disasters. It is headed by a disaster ...
- United Nations Office of Cartography
- (from the article "map") The United Nations Office of Cartography plays an important role in all of the activities noted above. It maintains records of progress on the International Map of the World and ...
- United Nations Orchestra
- (from the article "Gillespie, Dizzy") ...led several overseas tours sponsored by the U.S. State Department and traveled the world extensively, sharing his knowledge with younger players. During his last few years, he was the leader ...
- United Nations Palestine Commission
- (from the article "Palestine") ...and because nearly half of the population of the Jewish state would be Arab. Great Britain was unwilling to implement a policy that was not acceptable to both sides and ...
- United Nations Peace-Keeping Force in Cyprus
- (from the article "Cyprus") ...in northern Cyprus. In addition, because of the continued tensions between the two sides-which occasionally have flared into violence-the UN has maintained peacekeeping troops in Cyprus (UNFICYP) who police the ...
- United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
- international armed forces first used in 1948 to observe cease-fires in Kashmir and Palestine. Although not specifically mentioned in the United Nations (UN) Charter, the use of international forces as ... [6 Related Articles]
- United Nations Population Fund
- trust fund under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Established in 1969, the UNFPA is the largest international source of assistance for population programs and the leading ...
- United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
- administrative body (1943-47) for an extensive social-welfare program that assisted nations ravaged by World War II. Created on Nov. 9, 1943, by a 44-nation agreement, its operations concentrated on distributing ... [6 Related Articles]
- United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
- subsidiary agency created by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in 1949 to provide relief, health, and education services for Palestinians who lost both their homes and means of livelihood ... [4 Related Articles]
- United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
- autonomous United Nations body established in 1964 to conduct research into the problems and policies of social and economic development. UNRISD is dependent on voluntary contributions from governments, from other ...
- United Nations Special Committee on Palestine
- (from the article "Palestine") ...stationed there during the war, more than 80,000 still remained), referred the Palestine question to the United Nations (UN). On August 31 a majority report of the UN Special Committee ...
- United Nations Transition Assistance Group
- (from the article "Namibia") The United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) opened operations in April 1989. After a disastrous start-in which South African forces massacred PLAN forces seeking to report to UNTAG to be ...
- United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia
- (from the article "Cambodia") ...Council, with the backing of the factions, endorsed this treaty and agreed to establish in the country a peacekeeping operation consisting of both soldiers and civil servants under the control ...
- United Nations, Charter of the
- (from the article "United Nations") According to its Charter, the UN aims:to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war,&elipsis;to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights,&elipsis;to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the ...
- United Nations, Declaration of
- (from the article "Allied Powers") ...the Soviet Union (after its entry in June 1941), the United States (after its entry on Dec. 8-11, 1941), and China. More generally the Allies included all the wartime members ...
- United Nations, flag of the
- flag consisting of a blue field incorporating, in white, a central map of the Earth framed by olive branches. The flag's width-to-length ratio is 2 to 3 or, alternatively, 3 ... [2 Related Articles]
- United Negro College Fund
- (from the article "Patterson, Frederick Douglass") American educator and prominent black leader, president of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (later Tuskegee Institute; now Tuskegee University) in 1935-53, and founder of the United Negro College Fund (1944).Tuskegee ...
- United New Democratic Party
- centrist-liberal political party in South Korea. [2 Related Articles]
- United Nile
- (from the article "Nile River") Along the stretch of the Nile north of Khartoum, which is sometimes called the United Nile, two parts can be distinguished. The first part, which stretches from Khartoum to Lake ...
- United Nobility
- (from the article "Russia") ...position in the localities. They were also alarmed that more and more land was passing from their control to other social classes. Their opposition was articulated by a pressure group ...
- United Officers Group
- (from the article "Peron, Juan") Peron returned to Argentina in 1941, used his acquired knowledge to achieve the rank of colonel, and joined the United Officers Group (Grupo de Oficiales Unidos; GOU), a secret military ...
- United Opposition
- (from the article "Trotsky, Leon") ...the denunciation of the latter at the 14th Party Congress, Trotsky joined forces with his old adversaries Zinovyev and Kamenev to resume the political offensive. For a year and a ...
- United Order of Enoch
- (from the article "Mormon") ...where a prominent preacher, Sidney Rigdon, and his following had embraced Mormonism. In Jackson county, Mo., where it was revealed that Zion was to be established, Smith instituted a communalistic ...
- United Packinghouse Workers of America
- (from the article "Helstein, Ralph") American labour union official who was president of the United Packinghouse Workers of America (UPWA) from 1946 to 1968.
- United Paramount Theatres
- (from the article "American Broadcasting Company") In 1953 United Paramount Theatres, the movie theatre arm of Paramount Pictures, merged with ABC, which thereby became the owner of several hundred American movie houses (many of which were ...
- United Parcel Service
- (from the article "Teamsters Union") In 1997 the Teamsters galvanized media attention and public support when their strike against United Parcel Service (UPS) stopped the delivery of thousands of packages worldwide. The strike centred on ...
- United Party
- one of the leading political parties of the Republic of South Africa from 1934 to 1977, governing from 1934 to 1948. [4 Related Articles]
- United Pentecostal Church, Inc.
- Protestant denomination organized in St. Louis, Mo., U.S., in 1945 by merger of the Pentecostal Assemblies of Jesus Christ and the Pentecostal Church, Inc. It is the largest of the ...
- United People's Freedom Alliance
- (from the article "Sri Lanka") President Rajapakse's political position strengthened during the year. His People's Alliance (PA) dominated the governing United People's Freedom Alliance (UPFA) but needed support from small and radical partner parties to ...
- United Presbyterian Church
- denomination that flourished in Scotland from 1847 to 1900. It was formed through the union of the United Secession Church and the Relief Church, which had developed from groups that ...
- United Press
- (from the article "United Press International") American-based news agency, one of the largest proprietary news wire services in the world. It was created in 1958 upon the merger of the United Press (UP; 1907) with the ...
- United Press International
- American-based news agency, one of the largest proprietary news wire services in the world. It was created in 1958 upon the merger of the United Press (UP; 1907) with the ... [2 Related Articles]
- United Productions of America
- (from the article "motion picture") ...advanced, most inventive work of this kind was done in countries such as Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. In the United States, highly individual styles were pioneered in the 1940s by ...
- United Progressive Alliance
- (from the article "India") Growing differences between the ruling United Progressive Alliance (UPA) and its partner, the Left Front, constituted a second important development in Indian politics. Rejecting the UPA government's major foreign policy ...
- United Progressive Party
- (from the article "Antigua and Barbuda") The new United Progressive Party (UPP) government in Antigua and Barbuda overturned one of its predecessor's key policies in April 2005 when it restored personal income tax, which would be ...
- United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
- (from the article "Uttar Pradesh") ...the North-Western Provinces (initially called the Agra Presidency). The kingdom of Avadh, annexed by the company in 1856, was united with the North-Western Provinces in 1877 under the name United ...
- United Provinces of Central America
- (1823-40), union of what are now the states of Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua. [8 Related Articles]
- United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata
- (from the article "Buenos Aires") ...and it was not until 1816, at a congress in Tucuman, that the other provinces declared their independence. A provisional government was created, and Buenos Aires was named capital of ...
- United Russia
- (from the article "Russia") Elections to the State Duma (the lower house of the parliament) were held in Russia on Dec 2, 2007. With Pres. Vladimir Putin heading the electoral list of the pro-Kremlin ...
- United Secession Church
- (from the article "United Presbyterian Church") denomination that flourished in Scotland from 1847 to 1900. It was formed through the union of the United Secession Church and the Relief Church, which had developed from groups that ...
- United Self-Defense Groups of Colombia
- (from the article "Colombia") ...steadfast in its policies during 2007. Several of Uribe's supporters, including his cousin Sen. Mario Uribe, were embroiled in a scandal that linked them to the right-wing paramilitaries-the United Self-Defense ...
- United Service Organizations, Inc.
- private, nonprofit social-service agency first chartered on Feb. 4, 1941, to provide social, welfare, and recreational services for members of the U.S. armed forces and their families.
- United Slavs, Society of
- (from the article "Russia") ...all non-Russian peoples of the empire except the Poles should "completely fuse their nationality with the nationality of the dominant people." Another group of Decembrists, however, the Society of United ...
- United Southerners, League of
- (from the article "Yancey, William Lowndes") ...to his creed. For the next decade he sought to arouse Southerners to the peril of remaining in the Union. He organized Southern-rights associations and in 1858 assisted in the ...
- United States
- country of North America, a federal republic of 50 states. Besides the 48 contiguous states that occupy the middle latitudes of the continent, the United States includes the state of ... [1310 Related Articles]
- United States Air Force Academy
- institution of higher education for the training of commissioned officers for the U.S. Air Force. It was created by act of Congress on April 1, 1954, formally opened on July ... [2 Related Articles]
- United States Air Force, The
- one of the major components of the United States armed forces, with primary responsibility for air warfare, air defense, and the development of military space research. The Air Force also ... [19 Related Articles]
- United States Amateur Championship
- golf tournament conducted annually in the United States from 1895 for male amateur golfers with handicaps of three or less. The field of 150 golfers is determined by 36-hole sectional ... [1 Related Articles]
- United States Army Air Corps
- (from the article "Arnold, Henry Harley") Arnold reported to Washington, D.C., in 1936 as assistant chief of the Army Air Corps. When his superior, General Oscar Westover, was killed in a plane crash in 1938, Arnold ...
- United States Army Corps of Engineers
- (from the article "military engineering") The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is both a combatant arm and a technical service. Alone among the arms and services, it engages in civil as well as military activities. ...
- United States Army Special Forces
- (from the article "guerrilla warfare") American military forces began to recognize the rising importance of unconventional warfare during the Cold War, though this recognition came only grudgingly to the top command. In the early 1950s ...
- United States Army Topographic command
- (from the article "map") ...for the mapping of many foreign areas did the U.S. military become involved on a large scale, with the expansion of the Oceanographic Office (Navy), Aeronautical Chart Service (Air Force), ...
|
|
