| | - unconjugated jaundice
- (from the article "digestive system disease") ...in the blood is significantly above normal. This condition is evident in three different types of disorders, more than one of which may be present simultaneously in a single person. ...
- unconscious
- the complex of mental activities within an individual that proceed without his awareness. Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, stated that such unconscious processes may affect a person's behaviour even ... [12 Related Articles]
- uncontrolled canal
- (from the article "Tigris-Euphrates river system") There are three kinds of canals: controlled canals, receiving water from regulators on the main river in all seasons; uncontrolled canals, taking water only when the river is in flood; ...
- unconventional gas
- (from the article "natural gas") Substantial amounts of gas have accumulated in geologic environments that differ from conventional petroleum traps. This gas is termed unconventional gas and occurs in "tight" (i.e., relatively impermeable) sandstones, in ...
- uncus
- (from the article "nervous system, human") ...parts of the area. The transverse gyri are surrounded by a less finely tuned secondary auditory area. A medial, or inner, protrusion near the ventral surface of the temporal lobe, ...
- Undaria
- (from the article "algae") ...sol in Iceland, it is harvested by hand from intertidal rocks during low tide. Species of Laminaria, Undaria, and Hizikia (a ...
- undecidable proposition
- (from the article "mathematics, foundations of") Godel's incompleteness theorem had proved that any useful formal mathematical system will contain undecidable propositions-propositions which can be neither proved nor disproved. Church and Turing, while seeking an algorithmic (mechanical) ...
- undecylenic acid
- (from the article "carboxylic acid") ...acid, an unsaturated hydroxy acid (i.e., one containing an &singlehorzbond;OH group), occurs in castor oil. When this acid is pyrolyzed (heated in the absence of air), it breaks down to ...
- Undenominational Fellowship of Christian Churches and Churches of Christ
- autonomous Protestant churches in the United States that were formerly associated primarily with the Disciples of Christ. These churches refused to become part of the restructured Christian Church (Disciples of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Under-19 World Cup
- (from the article "Cricket") ...the final of the Supersport Series Shield in South Africa, while Gauteng gained revenge in the one-day Standard Bank Cup. Barbados and Guyana were champions in the West Indies, and ...
- underboss
- (from the article "Mafia") ...a commission whose main function was judicial. At the head of each family was a "boss," or "don," whose authority could be challenged only by the commission. Each don had ...
- underclass
- (from the article "social class") ...a core of chronically unemployed persons isolated from the economic mainstream in decaying urban areas. This new urban substratum of permanently jobless and underemployed workers has been termed the underclass ...
- underconsumption theory
- (from the article "business cycle") In an expanding economy, production tends to grow more rapidly than consumption. The disparity results from the unequal distribution of income: the rich do not consume all their income, while ...
- underemployment
- (from the article "unemployment") Underemployment is the term used to designate the situation of those who are able to find employment only for shorter than normal periods-part-time workers, seasonal workers, or day or casual ...
- underfit stream
- (from the article "valley") ...rare. An example, described below, occurs where cataclysmic glacial floods invaded valley systems formed by overland flow processes in a non-glacial climatic regime. The more common case is the underfit ...
- Underflow Tunnel and Reservoir Plan
- (from the article "Chicago") ...ran into the lake-except after heavy storms, when the locks had to be opened. The problem of untreated storm water flowing into the lake was addressed by an ambitious project ...
- underfriction wheel
- (from the article "roller coaster") ...ratchet (patented in 1910), which prevented cars from rolling backward down the lift hill in the event the pull chain broke. It attached to the track and clicked onto the ...
- underglaze blue
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...from the Middle East, is seen in its application as an underglaze pigment on fragments dating to the late 8th or early 9th century that were unearthed at Yang-chou in ...
- underground cable
- (from the article "cable") Another type of electric power cable is installed in underground ducts and is extensively used in cities where lack of space or considerations of safety preclude the use of overhead ...
- underground chamber
- (from the article "tunnels and underground excavations") ...opening is usually called a shaft. Tunnels have many uses: for mining ores, for transportation-including road vehicles, trains, subways, and canals-and for conducting water and sewage. Underground chambers, often associated ...
- underground film
- motion picture made and distributed outside the commercial film industry, usually as an artistic expression of its maker, who often acts as its producer, director, writer, photographer, and editor. Underground ...
- underground housing
- (from the article "Tunisia") Unique to the region are the underground dwellings found in the rural southeastern part of the country. These structures were designed for habitation in a harsh, arid environment and generally ...
- underground mining
- (from the article "mining") When any ore body lies a considerable distance below the surface, the amount of waste that has to be removed in order to uncover the ore through surface mining becomes ...
- Underground Railroad
- in the United States, a system existing in the Northern states before the Civil War by which escaped slaves from the South were secretly helped by sympathetic Northerners, in defiance ... [20 Related Articles]
- underhand cut-and-fill mining
- (from the article "mining") ...material from the mineral-processing plant), and the next slice of ore is mined. In overhand cut-and-fill mining (the most common variation), mining starts at the lower level and works upward. ...
- Underhill, Evelyn
- English mystical poet and author of such works as Mysticism (1911), The Mystic Way (1913), and Worship (1936), which helped establish mystical theology as a respectable discipline among contemporary intellectuals.
- undernutrition
- (from the article "nutritional disease") ...so-called diseases of civilization-for example, heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes-will be the focus of this article, the most significant nutrition-related disease is chronic undernutrition, which plagues more than 800 ...
- undersaturated rock
- (from the article "felsic and mafic rocks") ...and it cannot be assumed that rocks with the same silica content will have the same mineralogy. Silica saturation is a classification of minerals and rocks as oversaturated, saturated, or ...
- undersea cable
- assembly of conductors enclosed by an insulating sheath and laid on the ocean floor for the transmission of messages. Undersea cables for transmitting telegraph signals antedated the invention of the ... [5 Related Articles]
- undersea exploration
- the investigation and description of the ocean waters and the seafloor and of the Earth beneath. [4 Related Articles]
- undershot waterwheel
- (from the article "waterwheel") ...more knowledge and engineering skill than the first two, but it had much greater potential. Vertical waterwheels were also distinguished by the location of water contact with the wheel; first, ...
- understanding
- (from the article "pedagogy") In the hands of the Renaissance Dutch philosopher Erasmus and the Jesuit Fathers, this method of instruction took more sensitive account of the psychological characteristics of young learners. Understanding had ...
- Understanding and Cooperation, Treaty of
- (from the article "Baltic Entente") ...formalized a bilateral-defense agreement in November 1923, and, after they renewed it in February 1934, they invited Lithuania to join their alliance. On Sept. 12, 1934, the three nations signed ...
- Understanding, Inc.
- (from the article "New Religious Movement") ...myth" of the arrival-whether imminent or actual and ongoing-on Earth of space aliens, who will bring advanced knowledge and spiritual wisdom. By the 1950s, groups such as Understanding, Inc., founded ...
- understatement
- (from the article "rhetoric") ...(attributing human qualities to a nonhuman being or object), irony (a discrepancy between a speaker's literal statement and his attitude or intent), hyperbole (overstatement or exaggeration) or understatement, and metonymy ...
- understory
- (from the article "primate") ...continuum of interlacing branches, a three-dimensional maze that provides home, restaurant, shopping districts, and highways for primates. Three strata of rainforests are broadly distinguishable: an understory, a middle story, and ...
- undertow
- a strong seaward bottom current returning the water of broken waves back out to sea. There is in fact no such current in a gross sense, for the overall flow ... [1 Related Articles]
- underwater archaeology
- (from the article "archaeology") Underwater archaeology is a branch of reconnaissance and excavation that has been developed only during the 20th century. It involves the same techniques of observation, discovery, and recording that are ...
- underwater bulb
- (from the article "ship") ...will lessen the wave-making component of resistance. A major objective of ship hydrodynamicists is to design hull forms that maximize this benefit. One evident result of their efforts is the ...
- underwater diving
- swimming done underwater either with a minimum of equipment, as in skin diving (free diving) or with a scuba (abbreviation of self-contained underwater-breathing apparatus) or an Aqua-Lung. Competitive underwater diving ... [9 Related Articles]
- underwater exercise
- (from the article "hydrotherapy") Underwater exercise is used to strengthen weak muscles, restore joint motion following injury, clean and heal burned flesh, aid muscle function following cerebrovascular accident damage, and as a treatment for ...
- underwater photography
- (from the article "photography, technology of") Underwater photography requires either special watertight cameras or pressure-resistant housings for normal cameras. In both cases camera functions are controlled through pressure-tight glands. A flat glass or plastic window is ...
- underwater weapon
- (from the article "tactical weapons system") Underwater weapons, intended to disable submarines or surface vessels, are considered surface-to-surface systems. They include various homing or guided torpedoes using sonar tracking systems. Germany makes a wire-guided torpedo. Sweden's ...
- underway bottom sampler
- (from the article "undersea exploration") ...sediment and the wire tension is released, allowing the hook to swing free of the sampler. Upon hoisting, the wire takes a strain on the closing line, which closes the ...
- underwear
- (from the article "vulvitis") ...it is moist and warm. Besides sometimes providing a breeding ground for bacteria, these conditions can render the vulva susceptible to allergic or inflammatory reactions from direct contact with underwear ...
- underwing moth
- (from the article "lepidopteran") ...to startle and thus momentarily delay an attacker. Moths with cryptic forewings and butterflies with cryptic wing undersides show only these surfaces when they are at rest. When moths such ...
- Underwood, Carrie
- American contemporary country musician who won the fourth season of the American television singing competition American Idol. [1 Related Articles]
- Underwood, Francis Henry
- American author and lawyer who became a founder of The Atlantic Monthly in order to further the antislavery cause. [1 Related Articles]
- Underwood, OscarW
- U.S. congressman from Alabama (1895-1927) who drafted the Underwood Tariff Act of 1913.
- Underwood, William
- (from the article "canning") ...the United States soon thereafter, and that country eventually became the world leader in both automated canning processes and total can production. In the late 19th century, Samuel C. Prescott ...
- Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act
- (from the article "Underwood, OscarW") U.S. congressman from Alabama (1895-1927) who drafted the Underwood Tariff Act of 1913.WilsonUnited StatesThe New Freedom and its transformationThe first ...
- underworld
- (from the article "heaven") Creation myths of ancient Mesopotamia typically begin with the separation of heaven and earth, giving rise to a three-story universe that includes heaven above, earth in the middle, and the ...
- underwriting
- (from the article "insurance") The two basic functions in insurance are underwriting and rating, which are closely related to each other. Underwriting deals with the selection of risks, and rating deals with the pricing ...
- underwriting cycle
- (from the article "insurance") Profits in property and liability insurance have tended to rise and fall in fairly regular patterns lasting between five and seven years from peak to peak; this phenomenon is termed ...
- undifferentiated schizophrenia
- (from the article "schizophrenia") 1. The simple or undifferentiated type of schizophrenic manifests an insidious and gradual reduction in external relations and interests. The patient's emotions lack depth, and ideation is simple and refers ...
- undine
- mythological figure of European tradition, a water nymph who becomes human when she falls in love with a man but is doomed to die if he is unfaithful to her. ...
- undisclosed agency
- (from the article "agency") Continental European laws restrict the application of agency rules to cases where the agent acts openly in another's name. Thus, French jurists infer from article 1984 of their Civil Code, ...
- Undset, Sigrid
- Norwegian novelist who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1928.
- unducted fan
- (from the article "jet engine") ...the rear of the aircraft, with the plane of the propeller aft of the engine. These arrangements are referred to as "pusher" layouts. A recently developed engine layout, identified as ...
- undue influence
- (from the article "inheritance") A testamentary disposition is not valid if at the time of its execution the testator was mentally incompetent or if he acted under "undue influence"-i.e., coercion-or under fraud. It is ...
- Une de Mai
- (from the article "harness racing") ...Adios in the 1940s and his son Adios Butler in the 1950s, the pacer Bret Hanover and the trotter Nevele Pride in the 1960s, and the pacer Niatross retired to ...
- Unea
- (from the article "Witu Islands") ...of New Britain Island in the Bismarck Sea. The group, with a total land area of 45 square miles (117 square km), includes the main islands of Garove (Ile des ...
- unemployment
- the condition of one who is capable of working, actively seeking work, but unable to find any work. It is important to note that to be considered unemployed a person ... [120 Related Articles]
- unemployment insurance
- a form of social insurance (q.v.) designed to compensate certain categories of workers for unemployment that is involuntary and short-term. Unemployment insurance programs were created primarily to provide financial assistance ... [3 Related Articles]
- Unequal Treaty
- in Chinese history, any of a series of treaties in which China was forced to concede many of its territorial and sovereignty rights. They were negotiated during the 19th and ... [2 Related Articles]
- UNESCO
- specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that was created in 1946 to promote international collaboration in education, science, and culture. Its permanent headquarters are in Paris, France. [21 Related Articles]
- Unetician A
- (from the article "Europe, history of") The first is from the Early Bronze Age, where a remarkable shift in cultural initiative took place. The earliest Bronze Age centre, Unetician A, consisted of a complex of flat ...
- Unetician B
- (from the article "Europe, history of") ...initiative took place. The earliest Bronze Age centre, Unetician A, consisted of a complex of flat inhumation graves with modest grave goods in copper and bronze that was found in ...
- Unetician Culture
- (from the article "Europe, history of") ...a general chronological framework has been developed that, using the changes in burial rites and metal assemblages, divides the Bronze Age into either Early, Middle, and Late phases or into ...
- uneven parallel bars
- gymnastics apparatus developed in the 1930s and used in women's competition. The length and construction are the same as for the parallel bars used in men's gymnastics. The top bar ...
- unevenly-grained rock
- (from the article "igneous rock") Rocks that are unevenly grained, or inequigranular, are generally characterized either by a seriate fabric, in which the variation in grain size is gradual and essentially continuous, or by a ...
- unexpected hanging paradox
- (from the article "number game") A final example might be the paradox of the unexpected hanging, a remarkable puzzle that first became known by word of mouth in the early 1940s. One form of the ...
- unfree tenure
- (from the article "feudal land tenure") Tenures were divided into free and unfree. Of the free tenures, the first was tenure in chivalry, principally grand sergeanty and knight service. The former obliged the tenant to perform ...
- unfused tetanus
- (from the article "muscle") ...If, however, the pulses are 300 milliseconds apart, the muscle will be relaxing when the second pulse is given, and the tension will appear in waves in phase with the ...
- Ungaretti, Giuseppe
- Italian poet, founder of the Hermetic movement (see Hermeticism) that brought about a reorientation in modern Italian poetry. [2 Related Articles]
- Ungava
- peninsular section of northern Quebec province, Canada, bounded by the Hudson Strait (north), Ungava Bay and Labrador (east), the Eastmain River (south), and the Hudson Bay (west). Physically, Ungava is ... [2 Related Articles]
- Ungava Bay
- inlet off the Hudson Strait, on the northeast coast of Nord-du-Quebec region, northern Quebec province, Canada. The bay is approximately 200 miles (320 km) long, 160 miles (260 km) wide ...
- Ungava Lake
- (from the article "lake") ...of basin formation is that due to meteoritic impact. Meteorite craters are best preserved in arid climates and are often dry for this reason. A few lakes are known in ...
- Ungava-Quebec Crater
- geologically young crater of meteoritic origin located in the northwestern part of the Ungava Peninsula, northern Quebec province, Canada. First recognized as an impact structure in 1950, the crater is ...
- Unge, Wilhelm
- (from the article "rocket and missile system") In Sweden about the turn of the century, Wilhelm Unge invented a device described as an "aerial torpedo." Based upon the stickless Hale rocket, it incorporated a number of design ...
- Unger, Johann Friedrich
- (from the article "publishing, history of") ...and retailers. Toward the end of the 18th century, three publishers were outstanding-Georg Joachim Goschen in Leipzig; Johann Friedrich Cotta in Tubingen and Stuttgart; and Johann Friedrich Unger in Berlin, ...
- Ungerleider, Leslie G.
- (from the article "photoreception") In the 1980s American cognitive scientists Leslie G. Ungerleider and Mortimer Mishkin formulated the idea that there are two processing streams emanating from V1-a dorsal stream leading to the visual ...
- Ungern-Sternberg, Baron Roman von
- (from the article "Mongolia") ...Mongols to sign a "request" to be taken over by China. Almost immediately afterward, defeated anti-Bolshevik troops from Russia began to enter Mongolia. Their most important leader was Baron Roman ...
- Ungewitter, Richard
- (from the article "nudism") ...against the rigid moral attitudes of the late 19th century. The first known nudist club, Freilichtpark ("Free Light Park"), appeared about 1903 near Hamburg and was soon followed by Richard ...
- Unggi
- city, extreme northeastern North Korea. It lies 16 miles (26 km) southwest of the estuary of the Tumen River, which forms North Korea's boundary with Russia. Until Unggi's port was ...
- Ungnad, Count Jan
- (from the article "biblical literature") The Serbian and Croatian literary languages are identical; they differ only in the alphabet they use. To further the dissemination of Protestantism among the southern Slavs, Count Jan Ungnad set ...
- unguis
- (from the article "integument") ...hardened corneal growths occur at the end of the digits, growing parallel to the skin surface. True claws-found in reptiles, birds, and mammals-consist of a dorsal scalelike plate (unguis) covering ...
- ungulate
- formerly, any hoofed mammal. Although the term is now used more broadly in formal classification as the grandorder Ungulata, in common usage it was widely applied to a diverse group ... [8 Related Articles]
- unguligrade posture
- (from the article "foot") ...ground during locomotion (e.g., human, baboon, bear), (2) digitigrade, in which only the phalanges (toes, fingers) touch the ground, while the ankle and wrist are elevated (e.g., dog, cat), and ...
- unhistorical romance
- (from the article "Aiken, Joan") prolific British author of fantasy, adventure, horror, and suspense tales for both juvenile and adult readers. Perhaps best-known as the inventor of a genre called the "unhistorical romance," Aiken wrote ...
- Uni
- (from the article "Merenre") Merenre elevated his father's trusted minister, Uni, to the post of governor of Upper Egypt, an unprecedented honour that placed all Upper Egypt under a single official. The king also ...
- uni-univalent electrolyte
- (from the article "liquid") ...elevation, and osmotic pressure). These studies showed that the number of solute particles was larger than it would be if no dissociation occurred. For example, a 0.001 molal solution of ...
- Uniao dos Palmares
- city, northeastern Alagoas estado (state), northeastern Brazil. It lies 37 miles (60 km) inland from Maceio, the state capital, on the Atlantic coast. Founded in the 16th ...
- uniaxial crystal
- (from the article "hexagonal system") All crystals in the hexagonal system are classed as optically uniaxial, meaning that light travels through the crystal at different speeds in different directions.optical crystallography
- unicameral legislature
- (from the article "constitutional law") A central feature of any constitution is the organization of the legislature. It may be a unicameral body with one chamber or a bicameral body with two chambers. Unicameral legislatures ...
- Unicapsula muscularis
- (from the article "myxosporidian") ...are ingested by an animal, the spore wall breaks down, releasing the sporoplasm, which migrates to an organ or tissue to feed and develop and ultimately to produce new spores. ...
- UNICEF
- special program of the United Nations (UN), devoted to aiding national efforts to improve the health, nutrition, education, and general welfare of children. [9 Related Articles]
- unicorn
- mythological animal resembling a horse or a kid with a single horn on its forehead. The unicorn appeared in early Mesopotamian artworks, and it also was referred to in the ... [1 Related Articles]
- unicorn beetle
- (Dynastes tityus), a large, easily recognized insect of the Dynastinae subfamily of the beetle family Scarabaeidae (order Coleoptera). The unicorn beetle is closely related to the rhinoceros and elephant beetles. ... [2 Related Articles]
- unicorn fish
- any of certain exclusively marine fishes belonging to the genus Naso, in the family Acanthuridae (order Perciformes), occurring in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. The 17 species are herbivorous algae eaters. ...
- unicorn fish
- (from the article "unicorn fish") The elongate Eumecichthys fiski, in the crestfish family Lophotidae (order Lampridiformes), is also called unicorn fish.
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