| | - urban forestry
- (from the article "forestry") Urban forestry, which is the management of publicly and privately owned trees in and adjacent to urban areas, has emerged as an important branch of forestry. Urban forests include many ...
- urban geography
- (from the article "geography") ...was replaced, and research methods for collecting and analyzing data-particularly statistical analysis-became compulsory elements in degree programs. New subdisciplines-notably urban geography-came rapidly to the fore, as systematic specialisms displaced regional ...
- urban geology
- (from the article "geology") The fields of engineering, environmental, and urban geology are broadly concerned with applying the findings of geologic studies to construction engineering and to problems of land use. The location of ...
- urban guerrilla warfare
- (from the article "guerrilla warfare") Such was the media-heightened impact of urban guerrilla warfare, and such its potential danger to civilized society, that some observers believed "urban terrorism" should be classified as a new genre ...
- Urban I, Saint
- pope from 222 to 230. Succeeding that of St. Calixtus I, his pontificate occurred within the reign of the Roman emperor Severus Alexander, a time of peace for the church. ...
- Urban II
- head of the Roman Catholic church (1088-99) who developed ecclesiastical reforms begun by Pope Gregory VII, launched the Crusade movement, and strengthened the papacy as a political entity. [14 Related Articles]
- Urban III
- pope from 1185 to 1187. [1 Related Articles]
- Urban Indian Relocation Program
- (from the article "Native American") Even as many tribes in the United States were regaining land or compensation, the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs instituted the Urban Indian Relocation Program. Initiated within the bureau in ...
- Urban IV
- pope from 1261 to 1264. [5 Related Articles]
- urban mapping
- (from the article "sociology") A critical aspect of the Chicago School's urban research involved mapping locations. These included locations of land values, specific populations (racial, ethnic, or occupational), ethnic succession in neighbourhoods, residences of ...
- Urban Militia
- (from the article "Spain") ...the progresistas were prepared to use the discontent of the urban masses in order to bring pressure on the crown to give them office. Their instrument was ...
- urban planning
- design and regulation of the uses of space that focus on the physical form, economic functions, and social impacts of the urban environment and on the location of different activities ... [52 Related Articles]
- urban realism
- (from the article "African American literature") Despite the enormous outpouring of creativity during the 1920s, the vogue of black writing, black art, and black culture waned markedly in the early 1930s as the Great Depression took ...
- Urban Reform Law
- (from the article "Cuba") ...and real estate transactions. Few people can easily change their places of residence because the government's system of enforced home "exchanges," or trading, prevents housing sales. The Urban Reform Law ...
- urban renewal
- comprehensive scheme to redress a complex of urban problems, including unsanitary, deficient, or obsolete housing; inadequate transportation, sanitation, and other services and facilities; haphazard land use; traffic congestion; and the ... [4 Related Articles]
- urban revolution
- in anthropology and archaeology, the processes by which agricultural village societies developed into socially, economically, and politically complex urban societies. The term urban revolution was introduced by ... [2 Related Articles]
- urban servitude
- (from the article "servitude") ...and urban refer to the nature of the obligation rather than the location of the servitude. Rural servitudes (i.e., those owed by one estate to another) include various rights-of-way; urban ...
- urban transportation
- (from the article "mass transit") the movement of people within urban areas using group travel technologies such as buses and trains. The essential feature of mass transportation is that many people are carried in the ...
- urban tunnel
- (from the article "tunnels and underground excavations") ...are typically circular in shape because of this shape's inherently greater strength and ability to readjust to future load changes. In locations within street rights-of-way, the dominant concern in urban ...
- Urban V, Blessed
- pope from 1362 to 1370. [3 Related Articles]
- Urban VI
- pope from 1378 to 1389 whose election sparked the Western Schism (1378-1417). [6 Related Articles]
- Urban VII
- original name Giambattista Castagna pope from Sept. 15 to Sept. 27, 1590. [1 Related Articles]
- Urban VIII
- pope from 1623 to 1644. [11 Related Articles]
- urban yellow fever
- (from the article "yellow fever") There are three substantially different patterns of transmission of the yellow fever virus: (1) urban, or classical, yellow fever, in which transmission is from person to person via the "domestic" ...
- Urban, Joseph
- (from the article "Architecture") In New York, British architect Foster designed the much-discussed 40-story Hearst Tower, which stood atop a six-story older building, designed in 1928 by Viennese architect Joseph Urban. Urban's building was ...
- Urban, Wilbur Marshall
- (from the article "religious experience") ...rejected such claims, explaining religion in psychological and genetic terms as a projection of human wishes and desires. Philosophers such as William James, Josiah Royce, William E. Hocking, and Wilbur ...
- Urbana
- city, seat (1833) of Champaign county, east-central Illinois, U.S. Urbana is contiguous with Champaign (west), about 135 miles (220 km) southwest of Chicago. The two cities are often called Champaign-Urbana. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Urbana
- city, Champaign county, west-central Ohio, U.S., in a stock-raising and farming area, 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Dayton. Laid out in 1805 by Col. William Ward of Virginia, it ...
- Urbani, Carlo
- Italian epidemiologist (b. Oct. 19, 1956, Castelplanio, Italy-d. March 29, 2003, Bangkok, Thai.), recognized that the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) outbreak was an epidemic and raised the alarm, allowing ...
- urbanization
- the process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities. [76 Related Articles]
- Urbarial Patent
- (from the article "Hungary") ...a lethargy descended on the country. Political life sank to the parish-pump level, and the towns stagnated. The peasants, into whose conditions the queen introduced some improvements (notably the Urbarial ...
- Urbina, Isabel de
- (from the article "Vega, Lope de") ...family that he landed in prison. The libel continued in a court case in 1588, which sent him into exile from Castile for eight years. In the middle of this ...
- Urbino
- town, Marche (The Marches) regione, central Italy. Founded by the Umbrians, an ancient people of Italy, it was subsequently occupied by the Etruscans, Celts, and Gauls, and, in the 3rd ... [2 Related Articles]
- Urbino maiolica
- Italian tin-glazed earthenware made in the city of Urbino, which from around 1520 dominated the market. Early wares, mostly dishes, are decorated with narrative scenes that typically cover the entire ... [1 Related Articles]
- urchin
- (from the article "urchin") any of several marine invertebrates of the class Echinoidea (phylum Echinodermata), including the cake urchin, heart urchin, and sea urchin (qq.v.).giant purple sea urchinGiant purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus ...
- Urci
- ancient settlement in southeastern Roman Hispania mentioned by Pomponius Mela, Pliny the Elder, and Claudius Ptolemy. The writings of these historians indicate that the city was located in the hinterland ...
- Urd
- (from the article "Norn") ...mythology, any of a group of supernatural beings who corresponded to the Greek Moirai; they were usually represented as three maidens who spun or wove the fate of men. Some ...
- Urdaneta, Andres de
- navigator whose discovery of a favourable west-to-east route across the Pacific made colonization of the Philippines and transpacific commerce possible. [2 Related Articles]
- Urdarbrunnr
- (from the article "Norn") ...sources name them Urd, Verdandi, and Skuld, perhaps meaning "past," "present," and "future." They were depicted as living by Yggdrasill, the world tree, under Urd's well and were linked with ...
- Urdu language
- Indo-Aryan language originating in the region between the Ganges and Jamuna rivers near Delhi, now the official language of Pakistan. Numbering some 48,980,000 speakers in the late 20th century, Urdu ... [9 Related Articles]
- Urdu literature
- writings in the Urdu language of the Muslims of Pakistan and northern India. It is written in the Perso-Arabic script, and, with a few major exceptions, the literature is the ... [5 Related Articles]
- urea
- the diamide of carbonic acid. Its formula is H2NCONH2. Urea has important uses as a fertilizer and feed supplement, as well as a starting material for the manufacture of plastics ... [14 Related Articles]
- urea cycle
- (from the article "Krebs, Sir Hans Adolf") At the University of Freiburg (1932), Krebs discovered (with the German biochemist Kurt Henseleit) a series of chemical reactions (now known as the urea cycle) by which ammonia is converted ...
- urea retention habitus
- (from the article "chondrichthian") ...to reabsorb in the renal (kidney) tubules most of their nitrogenous waste products (urea and trimethylamine oxide) and to accumulate these products in their tissues and blood, an ability termed ...
- urea-formaldehyde resin
- any of a class of substances belonging to the family of organic polymers, prepared by heating urea and formaldehyde in the presence of mild alkalies, such as pyridine or ammonia. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ureaplasma
- (from the article "infectious disease") Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas, which range in size from 150 to 850 nanometres, are the smallest free-living microorganisms. They are ubiquitous in nature and capable of causing widespread disease, but the ...
- urease
- an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea, forming ammonia and carbon dioxide. Found in large quantities in jack beans, soybeans, and other plant seeds, it also occurs in some ... [1 Related Articles]
- uremia
- toxic effects of abnormally high concentrations of nitrogenous substances in the blood as a result of the kidney's failure to expel these waste products by way of the urine. The ... [5 Related Articles]
- urena
- (Urena lobata), plant of the family Malvaceae; its fibre is one of the bast fibre group. The plant, probably of Old World origin, grows wild in tropical and subtropical areas ...
- URENCO
- (from the article "nuclear weapon") ...a doctorate in metallurgical engineering in Belgium. Beginning in May 1972, he began work at a laboratory in Amsterdam that was a subcontractor of Ultra Centrifuge Nederland, the Dutch partner ...
- Urengoy
- (from the article "natural gas") ...of the world's largest gas fields occur in Russia in a region of West Siberia east of the Gulf of Ob on the Arctic Circle (see Figure 3 in the ...
- Ureparapara
- (from the article "Banks Islands") ...Along with the nearby Torres Islands, the group receives the highest average annual precipitation in Vanuatu (about 160 inches [4,000 mm]). The islands are heavily forested. The northernmost islet, Ureparapara, ...
- Urereae
- (from the article "Rosales") Members of the tribe Urereae (also known as Urticeae) are among the most conspicuous members of the family Urticaceae (the nettle family) because of their stinging hairs. The stings are ...
- ureter
- one of two ducts that transmit urine from each kidney to the bladder. Each ureter is a narrow tube that is about 12 inches (30 cm) long. A ureter has ... [10 Related Articles]
- ureteric atresia
- (from the article "atresia and stenosis") Ureteric and urethral atresias and stenoses cause distension of the urinary tract above the obstruction, with impairment of kidney function and often infection.
- ureteric bud
- (from the article "animal development") ...from the nephrotomes of the posterior part of the trunk and lying dorsal to the mesonephric duct. The actual differentiation is initiated by a dorsal outgrowth of the mesonephric duct, ...
- ureteric stenosis
- (from the article "atresia and stenosis") Ureteric and urethral atresias and stenoses cause distension of the urinary tract above the obstruction, with impairment of kidney function and often infection.
- urethra
- duct that transmits urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body during urination. The urethra is held closed by the urethral sphincter, a muscular structure that helps keep ... [11 Related Articles]
- urethral atresia
- (from the article "atresia and stenosis") Ureteric and urethral atresias and stenoses cause distension of the urinary tract above the obstruction, with impairment of kidney function and often infection.
- urethral gland
- in male placental mammals, any of the glands that branch off the internal wall of the urethra, the passageway for both urine and semen. The glands contribute mucus to the ... [2 Related Articles]
- urethral stenosis
- (from the article "atresia and stenosis") Ureteric and urethral atresias and stenoses cause distension of the urinary tract above the obstruction, with impairment of kidney function and often infection.
- urethral stricture
- (from the article "renal system disease") ...tract (urethra and ureters) are much more vulnerable to obstruction. The urethra may be obstructed by stones (calculi) formed in the bladder or kidneys; by fibrous contraction of the urethral ...
- urethritis
- infection and inflammation of the urethra, the channel for passage of urine from the urinary bladder to the outside. Urethritis is more frequent in males than in females. Its causes ... [2 Related Articles]
- Urewera National Park
- park in northeastern North Island, New Zealand. Established in 1954, it has an area of 821 square miles (2,127 square km) and has the largest expanse of indigenous forest in ...
- Urey, Harold C.
- American scientist awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1934 for his discovery of the heavy form of hydrogen known as deuterium. He was a key figure in the development ... [7 Related Articles]
- Urfe, Honore d'
- French author whose pastoral romance L'Astree (1607-27; Astrea) was extremely popular in the 17th century and inspired many later writers. [1 Related Articles]
- Urgench
- (from the article "Russia") ...to the Ural River, the former territories of the Bulgar empire (including the fur-rich Mordvinian forests and parts of western Siberia), and in Asia the former kingdom of Khwarezm, including ...
- Urgench
- city, south-central Uzbekistan. The city lies along the Shavat Canal and the Amu Darya (river). Urgench was founded when the inhabitants of the ancient city of Urgench, near present-day Kunya-Urgench, ...
- Urgulanilla, Plautia
- (from the article "Claudius") ...implement. He also wrote on dice playing, of which he was fond. All his works are lost, and their importance cannot be measured. The Etruscan history may have had original ...
- URhGe
- (from the article "Physical Sciences") ...by F. Levy and colleagues at the Atomic Energy Commission of France suggested a possible path to follow for devising totally new superconductors. Working with a ferromagnetic material called URhGe, ...
- Urhilinas
- (from the article "Anatolia") ...the most southerly Luwian stronghold, show that the ethnic situation in this region was extraordinarily complicated. In a Luwian text from the mid-9th century a king with the Hurrian name ...
- Urhobo
- a people of the northwestern part of the Niger River delta in extreme southern Nigeria. They speak a language of the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. The term ... [1 Related Articles]
- Uri
- canton, central Switzerland, traversed by the steep-sided valleys of the Reuss River and its tributaries. About one-half of the canton's area is reckoned as productive. Forests occupy part of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Uri Party
- (from the article "Korea, Republic of") ...political party, the Grand National Party (GNP), and the moderate elements of the Millennium Democratic Party (MDP)-the party Roh had belonged to but from which he split to join the ...
- urial
- medium-size, rather stout-bodied wild sheep, distributed from northwest India and Ladakh to southwest Russia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran. Six to nine subspecies are usually recognized; they differ in the colour ...
- Urianghad
- (from the article "China") ...three groups that were often antagonistic to one another: the so-called western Mongols or Oyrat (including the Kalmyk), the eastern Mongols or Tatars, and a group in the Chengde area ...
- Uribe Velez, Alvaro
- On Aug. 7, 2002, the day that Alvaro Uribe Velez formally took office as president of Colombia, explosions rocked the centre of the nation's capital, Bogota. Just blocks from the ... [6 Related Articles]
- Uribe, Juan Camilo
- (from the article "Latin American art") ...ex-voto. Barbaro Rivas of Venezuela used cheaply printed reproductions of religious images, such as the Mexican Virgin of Guadalupe or the Sacred Heart of Jesus, in his collages of the ...
- Uribe, Rafael Uribe
- (from the article "Thousand Days, The War of a") ...military tactics, imprisonment, fines, and expropriation of property, the Conservatives offered amnesty and political reform on June 12, 1902. By November the two most important Liberal leaders, Rafael Uribe Uribe ...
- Uriburu, Jose Evaristo
- Argentine statesman who was his country's president in 1895-98. [1 Related Articles]
- Uriburu, Jose Felix
- Argentine soldier who led the military coup that in September 1930 overthrew the liberal regime of President Hipolito Irigoyen and restored the old landed oligarchy to the political power it ... [2 Related Articles]
- uric acid
- a compound belonging to the purine group, and the chief form in which nitrogen, resulting from the breakdown of protein during digestion, is excreted by reptiles and birds. Small quantities ... [12 Related Articles]
- Urich, Robert
- American actor (b. Dec. 19, 1946, Toronto, Ohio-d. April 16, 2002, Thousand Oaks, Calif.), was best remembered as the engaging star of the television series Vega$ (1978-81) ...
- Uriconian
- (from the article "Longmyndian") ...sandstones, shales, and volcanic rocks, is as much as 3,500 metres thick. Rocks underlying the Stretton Series and possibly related to the Longmyndian are known as the Eastern and Western ...
- uridine diphosphate
- (from the article "metabolism") Analogous to the phosphorylation of purine nucleotides (steps [69] and [43a]) is the phosphorylation of UMP to UDP and thence to UTP by interaction with two molecules of ATP. Uridine ...
- uridine monophosphate
- (from the article "metabolism") ...and ATP, also initiates the pathways for biosynthesis of purine nucleotides (Figure 11) and of histidine (Figure 10). The product loses carbon dioxide to yield the parent pyrimidine nucleotide, uridylic ...
- uridine triphosphate
- (from the article "metabolism") ...The reaction, catalyzed by a galactokinase, results in the formation of galactose 1-phosphate; this product is transformed to glucose 1-phosphate by a sequence of reactions requiring as a coenzyme uridine ...
- Uriel
- in the Apocrypha, a leading angel, sometimes ranked as an archangel with Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael. Because his name in Hebrew means "fire of God," or "light of God," he ... [1 Related Articles]
- urigallu
- (from the article "feast") ...the Babylonian king, as the representative of a sinful people as well as the agent of the god, had to submit to ritual acts of humiliation: his symbols of power ...
- Urim and Thummim
- (from the article "religious dress") ...was worn over the other priestly garments. Most important was the breastplate (hoshen), which was square in outline and probably served as a pouch in which the divinatory devices of ...
- urinalysis
- laboratory examination of a sample of urine to obtain clinical information. Most of the substances normally excreted in the urine are metabolic products dissolved or suspended in water. A deviation ... [3 Related Articles]
- urinary bladder
- in most vertebrates, except birds, organ for the temporary storage of urine from the kidneys, connected to the kidneys by means of tubular structures called ureters. A urinary bladder is ... [11 Related Articles]
- urinary blood fluke
- (from the article "fluke") The urinary blood fluke (S. haematobium), which lives in the veins of the urinary bladder, occurs mainly in Africa, southern Europe, and the Middle East. Eggs, laid in the veins, ...
- urinary incontinence
- (from the article "renal system disease") Incontinence, the involuntary passage of urine (or feces), may be due to a faulty nerve supply, which either leaves the sphincters relaxed or allows them to be overcome by distension ...
- urinary tract obstruction
- blockage or constriction at any point in the urinary tract that impedes the normal flow of urine and causes urine to be retained in the bladder or kidneys. When an ... [2 Related Articles]
- urination
- the process of excreting urine from the urinary bladder. Nerve centres for the control of urination are located in the spinal cord, the brainstem, and the cerebral cortex (the outer ... [7 Related Articles]
- urine
- liquid or semisolid solution of metabolic wastes and certain other, often toxic, substances that the excretory organs withdraw from the circulatory fluids and expel from the body. The composition of ... [21 Related Articles]
- Uris, Leon
- American novelist known for panoramic, action-filled works such as the World War II novel Battle Cry (1953) and Exodus (1958), which deals with the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Urizen
- (from the article "English literature") ...were not likely to be realized in his time, he renewed his efforts to revise his contemporaries' view of the universe and to construct a new mythology centred not in ...
- urjuzah
- (from the article "Arabic literature") ...of poem served several functions, as is evident in, for example, camel drivers' songs, known as al-hida'. The urjuzah (a poem composed in
- Urlacher, Brian
- American professional gridiron football player known for his aggressive play and hard-hitting tackling. [1 Related Articles]
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