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United States Army, The: major branch of the United States armed forces charged with the preservation of peace and security and the defense of the nation. The army furnishes most of the ground forces ... [14 Related Articles]
United States Auto Club: (from the article "Indianapolis 500") In the early decades of the Indianapolis 500, the race was sanctioned by the American Automobile Association (AAA). From 1956 to 1997 the race was under the aegis of the ...
United States Book Exchange: (from the article "library") ...National Central Library in London to gather unwanted duplicates and to distribute them to the libraries that had suffered losses. It proved to be of incalculable value and was soon ...
United States Bowling Congress: (from the article "Bowling") ...by USA Bowling, an organization designed to train and support teams for international competition, and the Young American Bowling Alliance, for young bowlers. The unified group, to be called the ...
United States Bullion Depository: (from the article "Knox, Fort") ...miles (445 square km). Established in 1918 as Camp Knox (named for Major General Henry Knox, first U.S. secretary of war), it became a permanent military post in 1932. For ...
United States Children's Bureau: U.S. federal agency established in 1912 to oversee and maintain national standards of child welfare.
United States Coast and Geodetic Survey: (from the article "Peirce, Benjamin") ...From 1849 to 1867 Peirce served as consulting astronomer to the newly created American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, and in 1852 he began a long association with ...
United States Coast Guard: military service within the U.S. armed forces that is charged with the enforcement of maritime laws. It consists of approximately 35,000 officers and enlisted personnel, in addition to civilians. It ... [4 Related Articles]
United States Coast Guard Academy: institution of higher learning for the training of commissioned officers for the U.S. Coast Guard, founded by act of Congress in 1876. The academy since 1932 has occupied a 90-acre ...
United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries: (from the article "Baird, Spencer Fullerton") Through Baird's efforts Congress established in 1871 the U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries, which he headed at the request of President Ulysses S. Grant. The commission made many studies ...
United States Committee on Public Information: (from the article "Creel, George") ...he became editor of the Rocky Mountain News in 1911 and began to establish a reputation as a dedicated investigative reporter. In 1917 he was appointed head ...
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops: (from the article "Gregory, Wilton D.") American Roman Catholic prelate, archbishop of Atlanta, Georgia (from 2005). He also served as bishop of Belleville, Illinois (1994-2005), and was the first African American president of the U.S. Conference ...
United States Court of Appeals: any of 13 intermediate appellate courts within the United States federal judicial system, including 12 courts whose jurisdictions are geographically apportioned and the United States Court of Appeals for the ... [1 Related Articles]
United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces: court created by the Congress of the United States in 1950 as the highest court for military personnel. It hears appeals of cases originally adjudicated in military tribunals, which are ...
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit: (from the article "United States Court of Appeals") The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, created by an act of Congress in 1982, hears appeals from U.S. district and territorial courts primarily in patent and trademark cases, ...
United States Court of Federal Claims: court established by act of Congress of October 1, 1982, to handle cases in which the United States or any of its branches, departments, or agencies is a defendant. The ...
United States Customary System: (from the article "measurement system") In his first message to Congress in 1790, George Washington drew attention to the need for "uniformity in currency, weights and measures." Currency was settled in a decimal form, but ...
United States District Court: in the United States, any of the basic trial-level courts of the federal judicial system. The courts, which exercise both criminal and civil jurisdiction, are based in 94 judicial districts ... [1 Related Articles]
United States Embassy: (from the article "Stone, Edward Durell") ...buildings outside the United States are El Panama Hotel, Panama City, Panama (1946), notable for its pioneering use of cantilevered balconies in the construction of a resort hotel; the U.S. ...
United States Energy Information Administration: (from the article "Venezuela") ...of liquid petroleum stood at 86.7 billion bbl and, with the inclusion of viscous oil reserves from the Orinoco Tar Sands, approached 260 billion bbl. The International Energy Agency, OPEC, ...
United States Figure Skating Association: (from the article "figure skating") In the United States many competitions are held throughout the year for skaters of all levels. These competitions are sanctioned by the USFSA, and the participants and their coaches must ...
United States Film Service: (from the article "Lorentz, Pare") Lorentz' film unit became the United States Film Service in the late 1930s and was expanded to produce motion pictures and shorts for various government agencies. Lorentz directed The Fight ...
United States Football League: (from the article "football, gridiron") ...identified professional football as Americans' favourite sport. Over the 1970s and '80s the NFL withstood the challenge of new rival leagues-the World Football League (1974-75) and the United States Football ...
United States Geodynamics Committee: (from the article "Earth exploration") ...thicker and appears to have been formed in a much more complex way. Because of its greater thickness, diversity, and complexity, the continental crust is much more difficult to explore. ...
United States Geological Survey: (from the article "Cuba") ...to end the problem of blackouts and later raised the monthly minimum wage to 225 Cuban pesos (about $10) a month. Foreign companies continued exploring Cuba's offshore energy reserves, which ...
United States Golf Association: (from the article "golf") ...as championships, but that was questioned because the events were each promoted by a single club and on an invitational basis. It was from the controversy roused by these promotions ...
United States Green Building Council: (from the article "LEED^® standards") a certification program devised in 1994 by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC; founded 1993) to encourage sustainable practices design and development by means of tools and criteria for performance ...
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: (from the article "Washington") ...art. The collections of the National Gallery of Art are housed in two buildings: an older, classical West Wing designed by John Russell Pope, and a newer, angular East Wing ...
United States Housing Authority: (from the article "United States") ...The Democratic Party retained nominal control of Congress, but conservative Democrats and Republicans voting together defeated many of Roosevelt's proposals. A few last bills slipped through. The U.S. Housing Authority ...
United States Information Agency: (from the article "Murrow, Edward R") ...flamboyant charges of communist infiltration of U.S. government agencies. Murrow also produced Person to Person (1953-60) and other television programs. He was appointed director of the U.S. Information Agency in ...
United States League: (from the article "Rickey, Branch") In the spring of 1945, Rickey founded the United States League for black players, whom unwritten law excluded from organized baseball, and he was criticized for encouraging continued segregation in ...
United States Marine Corps, The: separate military service within the U.S. Department of the Navy, charged with the provision of marine troops for seizure and defense of advanced bases and with conducting operations on land ... [8 Related Articles]
United States Merchant Marine Academy: institution of higher education that prepares cadets to serve as officers in the United States merchant marine. The U.S. Merchant Marine Corps was established in 1938; the academy, occupying 68 ...
United States Military Academy: institution of higher education for the training of commissioned officers for the U.S. Army. It was originally founded as a school for the U.S. Corps of Engineers on March 16, ... [2 Related Articles]
United States Motor Corporation: (from the article "automotive industry") ...Cadillac, Oldsmobile, and Oakland-and an assortment of smaller firms. The combine ran into financial trouble in 1910 and was reorganized by a financial syndicate. A similar combination, the United States ...
United States National Arboretum: arboretum in Washington, D.C., operated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, occupying 415 acres (168 hectares) on the west bank of the Anacostia River. Among the more than 7,000 kinds ...
United States Naval Academy: institution of higher education conducted by the U.S. Department of the Navy and located at Annapolis, Md., for the purpose of preparing young men and women to enter the lowest ... [2 Related Articles]
United States Naval Observatory: in Washington, D.C., an official source, with the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST; formerly the National Bureau of Standards), for standard time in the United States. The ... [3 Related Articles]
United States Naval Research Laboratory: (from the article "Taylor, Albert Hoyt") ...Germany. He taught at Michigan State College in East Lansing and at the universities of Wisconsin at Madison and North Dakota at Grand Forks. He was superintendent of the radio ...
United States Navy, The: major branch of the United States armed forces charged with the defense of the nation at sea, the seaborne support of the other U.S. military services, and the maintenance of ... [34 Related Articles]
United States of America Amateur Boxing Federation: (from the article "boxing") ...the same year. In 1926 the Chicago Tribune started another amateur competition called the Golden Gloves. It grew into a national competition rivaling that of the AAU. ...
United States of America, flag of the: national flag consisting of white stars (50 since July 4, 1960) on a blue canton with a field of 13 alternating stripes, 7 red and 6 white. The 50 stars ... [6 Related Articles]
United States Open Championship: one of the world's major golf tournaments, open to both amateur and professional golfers (hence the name). It has been held annually since 1895 under supervision of the United States ... [5 Related Articles]
United States Open Tennis Championships: international tennis tournament, one of four major annual events in tennis (with the Australian Open, the French Open, and the Wimbledon Championships). [9 Related Articles]
United States Postal Service: (from the article "postal system") ...the U.S. Congress approved the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970, signed into law Aug. 12, 1970. The act transformed the Post Office Department into a government-owned corporation, called the United ...
United States Presidential Election of 2008: On November 4, 2008, after a campaign that lasted nearly two years, Americans elected Illinois senator Barack Obama their 44th president. The result was historic, as Obama, a first-term U.S. ...
United States Secret Service: (from the article "police") The United States Secret Service was created in 1865 to prevent counterfeiting. Never numbering more than a few dozen agents during the 19th century, the agency operated in the traditions ...
United States Signal Intelligence Service: (from the article "Ultra") ...the Pacific the Germans had supplied their Japanese ally with an Enigma machine as early as 1937; the modified Japanese version, called "Purple" by the Americans, was duplicated by the ...
United States Soccer Federation: (from the article "football (soccer)") ...in some cities with large immigrant populations such as Philadelphia, Chicago, Cleveland (Ohio), and St. Louis (Missouri), as well as New York City and Los Angeles after Hispanic migrations. The ...
United States Steel Corporation: leading U.S. producer of steel and related products, founded in 1901. [6 Related Articles]
United States Tennis Association: (from the article "tennis") ...in the United States and frequent doubts about the rules led to the foundation in 1881 of the U.S. National Lawn Tennis Association, later renamed the U.S. Lawn Tennis Association ...
United States Trotting Association: (from the article "harness racing") ...the flats. In the quarter century after 1948 attendance nearly tripled; state revenue increased nearly eightfold; purses nearly tenfold; the number of horses starting fourfold; and membership in the United ...
United States v. Booker: (from the article "crime") ...in tables, where relatively narrow sentence ranges are specified according to the seriousness of the present offense and the length of the defendant's prior record. However, in United States Booker ...
United States v. American Tobacco Company: (from the article "White, Edward Douglass") Promoted to the chief justiceship by President William Howard Taft in 1910, White assumed office early the next year. In Standard Oil Company of New Jersey v. United States and ...
United States v. Arredondo: (from the article "Baldwin, Henry") ...he gradually moved to a middle ground. He attempted to put his judicial principles in a systematic framework in A General View of the Origin and Nature of the Constitution ...
United States v. Butler: (from the article "constitutional law") A foundation of this expansion of the government's power to intervene in the economy and society was laid in the doctrine of federal spending power first enunciated in United StatesButler ...
United States v. Cruikshank: (from the article "Waite, Morrison Remick") ...of U.S. citizens had not been increased by the Fourteenth Amendment and that neither it nor the Fifteenth Amendment (1870) had given Congress extensive power to safeguard civil rights. In ...
United States v. Darby Lumber: (from the article "commerce clause") ...generally held that the states may almost exclusively regulate intrastate commerce, the fact is that Congress does have the power to so regulate in certain situations. For example, in the ...
United States v. E.C. Knight Company: (1895), legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court first interpreted the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. The case began when the E.C. Knight Company gained control of the American ... [1 Related Articles]
United States v. Georgia: (from the article "Law") ...had significantly diminished the enforceability of federal laws that apply to actions by state officials. In three cases during the 2005-06 term, however, the court permitted such suits. United States ...
United States v. Harris: (from the article "Woods, William B.") ...six years on the bench he wrote 218 opinions, many of them in patent and equity cases that revealed his rare ability to analyze cogently an intricate record. His two ...
United States v. Holmes: (from the article "criminal law") ...by the overwhelming pressure of natural forces, must make a choice between evils and engages in conduct that would otherwise be considered criminal. In the oft-cited case of U.S. v. ...
United States v. Isaac Williams: (from the article "Ellsworth, Oliver") ...In the 1790s Supreme Court justices also served in the circuit courts, and some of Ellsworth's most important decisions were given on circuit. His most controversial opinion was United StatesIsaac ...
United States v. Leon: (from the article "exclusionary rule") The broad provisions of the exclusionary rule came under legal attack, and in U.S. v. Leon (1984) the Supreme Court held that evidence obtained "in good faith" with a search ...
United States v. Lovett: (from the article "attainder") ...parte Garland to strike down loyalty oaths passed after the American Civil War to disqualify Confederate sympathizers from practicing certain professions. Similarly, in United StatesLovett (1946), the court invalidated as ...
United States v. Midwest Oil Company: (from the article "Lamar, Joseph Rucker") ...(1911), which upheld the power of the courts to punish violations of injunctions but set aside the convictions of Samuel Gompers and other labour leaders on procedural grounds, and United ...
United States v. Rabinowitz: (from the article "Minton, Sherman") ...court. In cases involving free-speech claims or alleged subversives, for example, he was particularly supportive of legislative regulatory authority. In an important opinion in United StatesRabinowitz (1950), Minton reversed a ...
United States v. Richardson: (from the article "standing to sue") ...Court. Under Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, the court signified that it was indeed not willing to abandon the concept completely. Reversing the trial court in the previously mentioned case, ...
United States v. Schenck: (from the article "censorship") ...or of the press." But the apparent absoluteness of that prohibition had long been subverted by the ill-conceived, yet all too influential, statement by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes in United ...
United States v. Virginia: (from the article "Ginsburg, Ruth Bader") In 1996 Ginsburg wrote the Supreme Court's landmark decision in United StatesVirginia, which held that the state-supported Virginia Military Institute could not refuse to admit women. Despite her reputation for ...
United States v. Washington: (from the article "Native American") ...their sphere of influence through the courts; forestry, mineral, casino gambling, and other rights involving tribal lands became the subjects of frequent litigation. Of the many cases filed, United States ...
United States v. Wheeler: (from the article "Native American") ...may not be tried in tribal courts, Indians in the United States would not be subject to prosecution in state or federal courts. This issue was decided to the contrary ...
United States Weather Bureau: (from the article "Guyot, Arnold Henry") Swiss-born American geologist, geographer, and educator whose extensive meteorological observations led to the founding of the U.S. Weather Bureau. The guyot, a flat-topped volcanic peak rising from the ocean floor, ...
United States Women's Amateur Championship: golf tournament conducted annually in the United States for female golfers with handicaps of five or less. A field of 150 players, chosen by sectional qualifying tournaments, plays 36 holes ...
United States Women's Bureau: U.S. federal agency, established in 1920 and charged with promoting the rights and welfare of working women.
United States, history of: (from the article "United States") The territory represented by the continental United States had, of course, been discovered, perhaps several times, before the voyages of Christopher Columbus. When Columbus arrived, he found the New World ...
United States-Japan Security Treaty: (from the article "Japan") ...that Japan had gained through negotiations, not war. The peace treaty recognized Japan's "right to individual and collective self-defense," which it exercised through the United States-Japan Security Treaty (1951) by ...
United Steelworkers: American labour union representing workers in metallurgical industries as well as in healthcare and other service industries. The union grew out of an agreement reached in 1936 between the newly ... [2 Related Articles]
United Steelworks Co.: (from the article "Thyssen Family") ...Jr., became a spendthrift who fought for his mother's dowry in a legal battle with his father. Fritz, on the other hand, was a shrewd businessman who combined the family ...
United Synagogue: (from the article "Adler, Nathan Marcus") chief rabbi of the British Empire, who founded Jews' College and the United Synagogue.
United Synagogue of America: central federation of some 835 Conservative Jewish congregations located in the United States and Canada. It was organized in 1913 by Solomon Schechter, a Talmudic scholar and spokesman for the ... [2 Related Articles]
United Technologies Corporation: American multi-industry company with significant business concentrations in aerospace products and services, including jet engines and helicopters. Formed in 1934 as United Aircraft Corporation, it adopted its present name in ... [2 Related Articles]
United Workers Party: (from the article "Dominica") ...The project would be funded under the PetroCaribe oil-assistance program introduced by Venezuelan Pres. Hugo Chavez to help Caribbean territories hard hit by rising oil costs. The opposition United Workers ...
United Workers' Party: (from the article "Saint Lucia") In September 2007, only nine months after his triumphant return to office as prime minister of Saint Lucia following his United Workers Party's (UWP) shocking defeat of the Saint Lucia ...
Uniti, Compagnia degli: company of actors performing commedia dell'arte (improvised popular comedy) in Italy in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. This period is acknowledged as the golden age of the genre. ...
unities: in drama, the three principles derived by French classicists from Aristotle's Poetics; they require a play to have a single action represented as occurring in a single place and within ... [11 Related Articles]
Uniting for Peace Resolution: (from the article "United Nations") ...assigned to it in the present Charter, the General Assembly shall not make any recommendation with regard to that dispute or situation unless the Security Council so requests." By the ...
unitized method: (from the article "automotive industry") ...plus the brakes and exhaust system. The two lines merge at the point at which the car is finished except for minor items and necessary testing and inspection. A variation ...
unity: (from the article "garden and landscape design") ...are contained in these individual components and in specific relations that may develop among them on a particular site. The principles of design-which deal with overall relations-are unity and variety, ...
unity: (from the article "solids, mechanics of") ...per unit time. The number of vibration cycles per unit time is omega_n/2pi. Equation (117) is arranged so that the term in the brackets shows the correction, from unity, of ...
Unity: (from the article "Space stations, from 1971") ...was designed to provide attitude control and solar power arrays for the nascent station. Shortly afterward, space shuttle astronauts ferried up and attached the first U.S.-built element, named Unity, a ...
unity government: (from the article "Israel Labour Party") ...coalition first came to power. Thereafter, Labour and Likud alternated in government, though the country's fragmented party system and unique security needs sometimes resulted in so-called "unity governments" of both ...
Unity of Science movement: movement within Logical Positivism that held that propositions in science should describe objectively existing, directly observable states of affairs or events and that there should be a unitary set of ... [2 Related Articles]
Unity of St. Gregory the Illuminator, Friars of: (from the article "Armenian Catholic Church") ...century among the Armenians who fled from Muslim oppressors and established the kingdom of Little Armenia in Cilicia. Although the kingdom collapsed in 1375, Armenian Catholic monks, known as the ...
Unity Party: (from the article "Awolowo, Obafemi") When the 12-year ban on political activity was lifted in 1978 in preparation for a return to civilian rule, Awolowo emerged as the leader of the Unity Party. He ran ...
Unity School of Christianity: religious movement founded in Kansas City, Mo., in 1889 by Charles Fillmore (1854-1948), a real-estate agent, and his wife, Myrtle (1845-1931). Mrs. Fillmore believed that spiritual healing had cured her ... [1 Related Articles]
Unity Temple: (from the article "Wright, Frank Lloyd") ...ventilation; metal desks, chairs, and files; ample sound-absorbent surfaces; and excellently balanced light, both natural and artificial. Two years later the Unitarian church of Oak Park, Illinois, Unity Temple, was ...
Unity, the Rule of Law, Development, Investment, and Employment, National Agreement for: (from the article "Mexico") In an effort to safeguard against such outcomes, in September the prominent entrepreneur Carlos Slim convoked 300 public figures in support of a National Agreement for Unity, the Rule of ...
UNIVAC: one of the earliest commercial computers. After leaving the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania, J. Presper Eckert, Jr., and John Mauchly, who had worked on ... [6 Related Articles]
univalent-divalent electrolyte: (from the article "liquid") ...chloride, Na⁺Cl^-, exhibits colligative properties corresponding to a nonelectrolyte solution whose molality is 0.002; the colligative properties of a 0.001 molal solution of a univalent-divalent electrolyte (yielding three ions) such ...
universal: in epistemology and logic, a quality or property which each individual member of a class of things must possess if the same general word is to apply to all members ... [16 Related Articles]