| | - Tainter, Charles Sumner
- American inventor who, with Chichester A. Bell (a cousin of Alexander Graham Bell), greatly improved the phonograph by devising a wax-coated cardboard cylinder and a flexible recording stylus, both superior ...
- Taipa
- (from the article "Macau") ...eastern side of the estuary. Macau comprises a small, narrow peninsula projecting from the mainland sheng (province) of Kwangtung and includes the islands of Taipa and Coloane. ...
- taipan
- any of three species of highly venomous snakes (family Elapidae) found from Australia to the southern edge of New Guinea. Taipans range in colour from beige to gray and pale ...
- Taipei
- province-level municipality and capital of Taiwan (Republic of China). It is situated on the Tan-shui River, almost at the northern tip of the island of Taiwan, about 15 miles (25 ... [10 Related Articles]
- Taipei 101
- (from the article "Heights of Buildings") In 2003 the Taipei 101 (Taipei Financial Center) building in Taipei, Taiwan, exceeded the records for the first three categories, respectively, with the following heights: 1,667 feet (508 metres); 1,437 ...
- Taiping
- (from the article "Xuanzong") In 712 the ineffectual Ruizong abdicated in favour of his son (who took the temple name Xuanzong), but, at the urging of Ruizong's ambitious sister (the princess Taiping), he remained ...
- Taiping
- town, northwestern Peninsular (West) Malaysia. The town is situated on a coastal plain just west of the Bintang Range. It originated as a Chinese mining settlement in the Larut district, ...
- Taiping Rebellion
- (1850-64), radical political and religious upheaval that was probably the most important event in China in the 19th century. It ravaged 17 provinces, took an estimated 20,000,000 lives, and irrevocably ... [32 Related Articles]
- Taira Family
- Japanese samurai (warrior) clan of great power and influence in the 12th century. The genealogy and history of the family have been traced in detail from 825, when the name ... [6 Related Articles]
- Taira Kiyomori
- first of the Japanese soldier-dictators, whose victories in the Hogen and Heiji disturbances marked the ascendancy of the provincial warrior class to positions of supreme power. [6 Related Articles]
- Taira Masakado
- Japanese rebel leader descended from the emperor Kammu (reigned 781-806). [2 Related Articles]
- Taira Masamori
- warrior responsible for the rise to power of the Taira clan in Japan. [2 Related Articles]
- Taira Tadamori
- warrior whose military and diplomatic skills made the Taira clan the most powerful family in Japan and laid the groundwork for his son Kiyomori's assumption of virtual control over the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Taira Tadatsune
- (from the article "Taira Family") ...in the southern part of Kanto, styling himself shinno ("new emperor") in opposition to the Emperor in the capital at Kyoto, but was subdued in 940. In 1028, when Taira ...
- Taira Takamochi
- (from the article "Taira Family") ...sent out into the provinces. The name of "Taira" was given to Prince Takamune, the son of Prince Kuzuhara and grandson of Kammu, the 50th emperor. His descendants were accordingly ...
- Taira Takamune
- (from the article "Taira Family") ...of the drain on the finances, collateral Imperial branches were given surnames (the Imperial family had none) and sent out into the provinces. The name of "Taira" was given to ...
- tairo
- in Japanese history, office of senior minister or chief councillor, the highest administrative post in the shogunate during the Tokugawa period (1603-1867). The office of tairo stood above the other ... [1 Related Articles]
- Tairona
- Indians of the northern Colombian Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, known only from occasional references in Spanish colonial writings and from archaeological study. The Tairona used stone to build houses, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Tairov, Aleksandr Yakovlevich
- original name Aleksandr Kornblit founder and producer-director (1914-49) of the Kamerny (Chamber) Theatre in Moscow, which, during the era of the Revolution, rivaled the Moscow Art Theatre in professional competence. [2 Related Articles]
- Taishan Niangniang
- (from the article "Tai, Mount") ...Daoism, changed to Taiyue Dadi ("Grand Emperor of Mount Tai"). In Ming times (1368-1644) the centre of the popular cult was transferred from the spirit himself to his daughter, Taishan ...
- Taisho
- the 123rd ruling descendant of the Japanese imperial family, the emperor who reigned from 1912 to 1926 during a period in which Japan continued the modernization of its economy. [1 Related Articles]
- Taisho period
- (from the article "education") ...intensified leftist movement and the terrible Kanto earthquake of 1923 caused uncertainty and confusion among the Japanese. Nevertheless, the period was one that earned the name of the "Taisho democracy" ...
- taishogoto
- (from the article "autoharp") The Japanese autoharp is based on the nichigenkin, a type of two-stringed koto, and is named taishogoto after the Taisho period (1912-26), when it ...
- Tait, Archibald Campbell
- archbishop of Canterbury, remembered primarily for his efforts to moderate tension in the Church of England at the height of the Oxford Movement.
- Tait, Peter Guthrie
- Scottish physicist and mathematician who helped develop quaternions, an advanced algebra that gave rise to vector analysis and was instrumental in the development of modern mathematical physics. [1 Related Articles]
- Taittinger, Pierre
- (from the article "fascism") ...and 12 parliamentary deputies. Other fascist movements in France included the short-lived Faisceau (1925-28), led by Georges Valois; the Young Patriots (Jeunesses Patriotes), led by Pierre Taittinger; French Solidarity (Solidarite ...
- Taitu
- (from the article "Addis Ababa") ...of the Ethiopian state. Its immediate predecessor, Entoto, was situated on a high tableland and was found to be unsatisfactory because of extreme cold and an acute shortage of firewood. ...
- Taiwan
- island, located about 100 miles (161 km) off the southeast coast of the China mainland. It is approximately 245 miles (394 km) long (north-south) and 90 miles across at its ... [77 Related Articles]
- Taiwan earthquake of 1999
- earthquake that began at 1:47 AM local time on Sept. 21, 1999, below an epicentre 93 miles (150 km) south of Taipei, Taiwan. The death toll was 2,400 and some ...
- Taiwan Major League
- (from the article "baseball") ...1982. Taiwan, which has produced several Little League world champion teams, has two professional leagues, the Chinese Professional Baseball League, a four-team league that started in 1990, and the Taiwan ...
- Taiwan Relations Act
- (from the article "Taiwan") ...position that there is but one China and that Taiwan is part of China. It thus precluded itself from any future support for an independent Taiwan. Subsequently, however, the U.S. ...
- Taiwan Strait
- arm of the Pacific Ocean, 100 miles (160 km) wide at its narrowest point, lying between the coast of China's Fukien province and the island of Taiwan (Formosa). The strait ... [1 Related Articles]
- Taiwan, flag of
- national flag consisting of a red field (background) with a blue canton incorporating a white sun. The width-to-length ratio of the flag is 2 to 3.
- Taiwan, history of
- (from the article "Taiwan") Taiwan was known to the Chinese as early as the 3rd century AD, but settlement by the Chinese was not significant until the first quarter of the 17th century after ...
- Taiwan-Pacific Allies Summit
- (from the article "Palau") ...U.S. Pres. George W. Bush and Russian Pres. Vladimir Putin had instigated. Palau maintained its close association with Taipei and was invited by Taiwanese Pres. Chen Shui-bian to attend the ...
- Taiwudi
- (from the article "Daoism") ...of the Southeast, and Kou was given concrete temporal power of a sort that the Xus had not envisaged. Political and economic factors favoured the acceptance of his message at ...
- Taiyetos Mountains
- mountain range, southern Peloponnese, Greece. The maximum elevation is approximately 7,905 feet (2,371 m) in the range, which imposes a barrier between the regions of Laconia and Messina. Called the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Taiyo
- Japanese magazine published from 1895 to 1928 and especially known for its literary criticism, Japanese literature, and translations of Western authors.
- Taiyuan
- city and capital of Shanxi sheng (province), China. One of the greatest industrial cities in China, it lies on the Fen River in the northern portion of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Taiyue Dadi
- (from the article "Tai, Mount") ...people returned to Mount Tai for judgment. The name of the most important spirit, originally Taishan Fujun ("Lord of Mount Tai"), was, with the emergence of organized Daoism, changed to ...
- Taize community
- (from the article "Grandchamp and Taize communities") two associated Protestant religious communities founded in the mid-20th century in Switzerland and France.Protestant monasticismmonasticismChristianity...sisterhoods that combined service (teaching and ...
- Taizhou
- city, southwest-central Jiangsu sheng (province), eastern China. It is situated about 30 miles (50 km) east of the city of Yangzhou, to which it is connected by ...
- taizo-kai
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...images was the ryokai mandara ("mandala of the two worlds"), which consisted of two parts-the kongo-kai ("diamond world") and the taizo-kai ("womb world")-that organized the Buddhist divinities and their relationships ...
- Taizong
- temple name (miaohao) of the second emperor of the Song dynasty (960-1279) and brother of the first emperor, Taizu. He completed consolidation of the dynasty. When the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Taizong
- temple name (miaohao) of the second emperor (reigned 626-649) of the Tang dynasty (618-907) of China. [10 Related Articles]
- Taizu
- temple name (miaohao) of the leader of the nomadic Juchen (Chinese: Nuzhen, or Ruzhen) tribes who occupied north and east Manchuria. He founded the Jin, or Juchen, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Taizu
- temple name (miaohao) of the Chinese emperor (reigned 960-976), military leader, and statesman who founded the Song dynasty (960-1279). He began the reunification of China, a project ... [3 Related Articles]
- taj
- brimless hat, usually conical or curved on top, worn by men and women in Muslim countries. The taj (from the Persian and Arabic words for crown) developed out of the ...
- Taj Mahal
- mausoleum complex in Agra, northern India, on the southern bank of the Yamuna (Jumna) River. In its harmonious proportions and its fluid incorporation of decorative elements, the Taj Mahal is ... [10 Related Articles]
- Taj, Imtiaz Ali
- (from the article "South Asian arts") Imtiaz Ali Taj (1900-70) was a bridge between Agha Hashr and contemporary Pakistani playwrights. His Anarkali (1922), the tragic love story of a harem girl, Anarkali, and Crown Prince Salim ...
- Taj-ul-Masjid
- (from the article "Bhopal") ...as matches, sealing wax, and sporting goods. Just south lie two large lakes, around which are several palaces and a fort from about AD 1728. Bhopal has several mosques, including ...
- Tajik
- the original Iranian population of Afghanistan and Turkistan. The Tajiks constitute almost four-fifths of the population of Tajikistan. In the early 21st century there were more than 5,200,000 Tajiks in ... [14 Related Articles]
- Tajikistan
- country lying in the heart of Central Asia. It is bordered by Kyrgyzstan on the north, China on the east, Afghanistan on the south, and Uzbekistan on the west and ... [30 Related Articles]
- Tajikistan, flag of
- horizontally striped red-white-green national flag with a central gold crown. The flag's width-to-length ratio is 1 to 2.
- Tajikistan, history of
- (from the article "Tajikistan") The Tajiks are the direct descendants of the Iranian peoples whose continuous presence in Central Asia and northern Afghanistan is attested from the middle of the 1st millennium BC. The ...
- Tajimi
- city, Gifu ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan. It lies along the Toki River, northeast of Nagoya.
- Tajong-gyo
- modern Korean millenarian sect that originated in the late 19th century. Tajong-gyo was formulated by Na Chul. It worships the Lord, the Light, or the Progenitor of the Heaven. The ... [1 Related Articles]
- Tajumulco Volcano
- mountain peak in southwestern Guatemala. The highest peak in Central America, Tajumulco rises essentially from sea level to an elevation of 13,845 feet (4,220 metres). The peak is part of ... [1 Related Articles]
- tajwid
- (from the article "Arabic literature") ...and Christianity: the Qur'an is primarily an oral phenomenon, something to be recited and intoned (the latter involving a highly elaborated skill known as tajwid). The textual ...
- taka-maki-e
- (from the article "lacquerwork") ...or silver placed on the surface; togidashi, the design built up to the surface in gold, silver, and colours with many coats of lacquer and then polished down to show ...
- Takacs, Karoly
- Hungarian athlete who twice won Olympic gold medals in rapid-fire pistol shooting despite having his shooting hand maimed by a hand grenade.
- Takada
- (from the article "Jyoetsu") ...Niigata ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies on the lower reaches and mouth of the Ara River. The city was formed for reasons of industrial planning by the amalgamation of ...
- Takadiastase
- (from the article "Takamine, Jokichi") In his private laboratory, Takamine developed, from a fungus grown on rice, a starch-digesting enzyme similar to diastase; he named it Takadiastase. In 1890 he was called to the United ...
- Takahama Kyoshi
- haiku poet, a major figure in the development of haiku literature in modern Japan. [1 Related Articles]
- Takahashi Korekiyo
- (from the article "Prime ministers of Japan") ...of domestic crises. The military revolt in Tokyo in February 1936 marked the high point of extremist action. In its wake power shifted to the military conservatives. Moreover, the finance ...
- Takahashi Satomi
- (from the article "Nishida Kitaro") ...his loyalty to his nation and for his alleged metaphysical obscurantism by Marxist philosophers and antimetaphysical rationalist philosophers. More philosophically important are the criticisms by Takahashi Satomi and Tanabe Hajime. ...
- Takahashi Yuichi
- Japanese Western-style painter active in the late Tokugawa and Meiji periods. [1 Related Articles]
- Takahashi, Hisako
- In February 1994 Morihiro Hosokawa exercised his right as prime minister to select Hisako Takahashi to fill a vacancy on Japan's Supreme Court. Takahashi, who was introduced to the media ...
- takahe
- (species Notornis mantelli), rare flightless bird of New Zealand that was thought to have become extinct in the late 1800s but that was rediscovered in 1948 in several remote valleys ... [2 Related Articles]
- Takahira, Kogoro
- (from the article "Root-Takahira Agreement") ...with Japan. Therefore, on the heels of a visit by an impressive U.S. fleet to Tokyo harbour in 1908, the U.S. secretary of state, Elihu Root, met with the Japanese ...
- Takakia
- (from the article "bryophyte") ...however, are less than 1 millimetre in size (the moss Ephemerum). Leaves are arranged in rows of two or three or more around a shoot or may be irregularly arranged ...
- Takakkaw Falls
- cataract on the Yoho River, and a major feature in the northern part of Yoho National Park in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. The Takakkaw (Cree Indian for "wonderful") Falls is ...
- Takama-no-Hara
- (from the article "Shinto") Two different views of the world were present in ancient Shinto. One was the three-dimensional view in which the Plain of High Heaven (Takama no Hara, the kami's world), Middle ...
- Takamatsu
- city and capital of Kagawa ken (prefecture), Shikoku, Japan, facing the Inland Sea. It was a castle town of the Tokugawa family from 1642 to 1868. A railway ferry was ...
- Takamatsu, Princess
- (from the article "Japan") ...Baseball's Seattle Mariners had a league-leading .372 batting average and a record 262 hits, breaking George Sisler's 84-year-old record for number of hits in a single season (257). On a ...
- Takami-musubi no kami
- (from the article "musubi") ...of deities are associated with musubi. In the accounts of the creation of heaven and earth in the Kojiki ("Records of Ancient Matters"), the three deities first named are Takami-musubi ...
- Takamine, Jokichi
- biochemist and industrial leader whose most important achievement was the isolation of the chemical adrenalin (now called epinephrine) from the suprarenal gland (1901). This was the first pure hormone to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Takamoto, Iwao
- American animator worked at Walt Disney Studios on such classic films as Cinderella (1950), Peter Pan (1953), Sleeping Beauty (1959), and 101 Dalmatians (1961) and created for Hanna-Barbera Productions ...
- Takamura Koun
- Japanese sculptor who worked to preserve the art of wood carving.
- Takanonami
- (from the article "Wrestling") Two veteran ozeki, Takanonami and Musoyama, as well as former top division rikishi ("strong man") Oginishiki and Hamanoshima retired and accepted positions within the Japan Sumo Association.
- Takao Sofue
- (from the article "cultural anthropology") ...language in which they write has not been as readily accessible to foreigners as have been western European languages. "International communication," the Japanese cultural anthropologist Takao Sofue has noted, "has ...
- Takaoka
- city, Toyama ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the lower reaches of the Sho River. The city was founded with the construction of Takaoka Castle in 1609. It became a trade ...
- Takapuna
- (from the article "North Shore") ...of Auckland city across Stanley Bay, and it faces Rangitoto Channel to the east. North Shore was designated a city in 1989 and consists of the former towns ("boroughs") of ...
- Takarazuka
- city, Hyogo ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the northeastern slope of Mount Rokko. The city is a hot-springs resort and is renowned for its female opera company. The opera house, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Takarli, Fu'ad al-
- Iraqi jurist and writer was regarded as one of the best Iraqi writers of his generation. His first short story, "Al-'Uyun al-khudr" (published 1952) won him favourable attention, as did ...
- Takasago
- city, Hyogo ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the Inland Sea. It long served as a collection and distribution centre for the rice that was produced in the hinterland of the ...
- Takasaki
- city, Gumma ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It is situated northwest of Tokyo along the Karasu River, a tributary of the Tone River. A typical castle town, Takasaki became increasingly important ...
- Takashimaya Co., Ltd.
- oldest department-store company in Japan. The company traces its history back to a cotton-goods store founded in Kyoto in 1831; the modern limited-liability company was established in 1919. The company's ...
- Takasugi Shinsaku
- noted Japanese imperial loyalist whose restructuring of the military forces of the feudal fief of Choshu enabled that domain to defeat the armies of the Tokugawa shogun, the hereditary military ...
- Takatsuki
- city, Osaka fu (urban prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies along the Yodo River, midway between Osaka and Kyoto. During the late Muromachi period (1338-1573), Takatsuki became a castle town, and ...
- Takayama
- city, Gifu ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the Miya River. It contains many old buildings and temples, including the Kokubun Temple (1588), and it was a castle town during the ...
- Takayanagi 77 structure
- (from the article "microscope") ...surface reconstruction. The reconstruction of the silicon surface designated (111) has been studied in minute detail. Such a surface reconstructs into an intricate and complex pattern known as the Takayanagi ...
- Takayasu's disease
- (from the article "connective tissue disease") Takayasu arteritis, with variants called pulseless disease, branchial arteritis, and giant-cell arteritis of the aorta, involves principally the thoracic aorta (chest portion) and the adjacent segments of its large branches. ...
- Takaze River
- (from the article "Eritrea") The Eritrean highlands are drained by four major rivers and numerous streams. Two of the rivers, the Gash and the Tekeze, flow westward into The Sudan. The Tekeze River (also ...
- Takebe Katahiro
- Japanese mathematician of the wasan ("Japanese calculation") tradition (see mathematics, East Asian: Japan in the 17th century) who extended and disseminated the mathematical research of his teacher ...
- Takeda Izumo II
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...puppet was created in which mouth, eyes, eyebrows, and fingers could move, encouraging writers to compose dramatic plays calling for complex emotional expression. A theatre manager and writer, Takeda Izumo ...
- Takeda Shingen
- one of the most famous of the military leaders who struggled for mastery of the strategic Kanto Plain in central Japan during the chaotic period of civil unrest in the ...
- Takeda Shrine
- (from the article "Kofu") ...increasing viticulture, and developing nearby hot springs. Locally mined rock crystal became the basis of a jewelry industry, but most rock crystal is now imported. The city houses the Shinto ...
- Takedda, kingdom of
- (from the article "Niger") In the 14th century (possibly also earlier and later) the Tuareg-controlled kingdom of Takedda, west of the Air Massif, played a prominent role in long-distance trade, notably owing to the ...
- Takefu
- city, Fukui ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It is situated on the alluvial fan of the Hino River. During the Tokugawa period (1603-1867), it was a castle town and a provincial ...
- Takei, Yasuo
- Japanese businessman (b. Jan. 4, 1930, Fukaya, Japan-d. Aug. 10, 2006, Tokyo, Japan), was the founder in 1966 of the finance company Fuji Shoji (renamed Takefuji Corp. in 1974), which ...
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