French novelist whose manipulation of mythology and old stories has often been called subversive insofar as it challenges the conventional assumptions of middle-class society.
city, capital of Indre-et-Loire departement, Centre region, west central France, on the Loire River. It is the chief tourist centre for the Loire Valley and its historic chateaus.
(October 732), victory won by Charles Martel, the de facto ruler of the Frankish kingdoms, over Muslim invaders from Spain. The battlefield cannot be exactly located, but it was fought ...
leader of the Haitian independence movement during the French Revolution, who emancipated the slaves and briefly established Haiti as a black-governed French protectorate.
English historian and teacher who specialized in medieval studies and, with James Tait, was a founder of the Manchester school of historiography, which stressed the importance of records and archives.
French enamelworkers, father and son, known for their fine enamel miniature paintings. Jean Toutin was one of the first artists to make enamel portrait miniatures.
lake, on the border of Aomori and Akita ken (prefectures), northern Honshu, Japan. Located in the northern extremity of the Ou Range, the lake occupies a volcanic crater. It is ...
any structure that is relatively tall in proportion to the dimensions of its base. It may be either freestanding or attached to a building or wall. Modifiers frequently denote a ...
movable bridge of the double-leaf bascule (drawbridge) type that spans the River Thames between the Greater London boroughs of Tower Hamlets and Southwark. It is a distinct landmark that aesthetically ...
inner borough of London extending eastward from the Tower of London and including most of the East End of Inner London. The borough belongs to the historic county of Middlesex. ...
any of several North American birds of the family Fringillidae (sometimes Emberizidae), order Passeriformes, that are long-tailed skulkers in thickets, where they noisily scratch for food on the ground. The ...
American educator and military officer who became the first director of women's marines when the regular U.S. Marine Corps integrated women into their ranks.
in the United States, an assembly of local qualified voters in whom is vested the governmental authority of a town. Town meetings are a particularly popular form of governmental administration ...
American physicist, joint winner with the Soviet physicists Aleksandr M. Prokhorov and Nikolay G. Basov of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1964 for his role in the invention of ...
American cabinetmakers working in Newport, R.I., during the 17th and 18th centuries and forming with the Goddard family the Goddard-Townsend group, known for case furniture characterized by block fronts (divided ...
British physicist who pioneered in the study of electrical conduction in gases and made the first direct measurement of the unit electrical charge (e).
(June 15-July 2, 1767), in U.S. colonial history, series of four acts passed by the British Parliament in an attempt to assert what it considered to be its historic right ...
British chancellor of the Exchequer whose measures for the taxation of the British-American colonies intensified the hostilities that eventually led to the American Revolution.
unit of government found primarily in the northeast and north central United States; it is a subdivision of a county and is usually 36 square miles (about 93 square kilometres) ...
city and major port, eastern Queensland, Australia, at the mouth of Ross Creek on Cleveland Bay of the Coral Sea. Founded in 1864 and named after Robert Towns, it was ...
unincorporated community, Baltimore county, northern Maryland, U.S. It was named for Ezekiel Towson, who settled the area about 1750, and was made county seat in 1854. It evolved into a ...
(March 29, 1461), battle fought on Palm Sunday, near the village of Towton about 10 miles (16 km) southwest of York, now in North Yorkshire. The largest and bloodiest battle ...
a dense, yellowish, semisolid mixture of organic compounds made by chlorination of camphene (a hydrocarbon obtained from turpentine) and used as an insecticide. Toxaphene, which contains 67-69 percent chlorine, is ...
term formerly used to describe hypertensive conditions that can be induced by pregnancy. This term, once commonly used, reflected the belief that toxins caused the hypertensive conditions. Research, however, failed ...
disease first described in 1978 and characterized by high fever, headache, diarrhea, vomiting, irritability, sore throat, and rash. Abdominal tenderness, severe hypotension, shock, respiratory distress, and renal failure sometimes develop. ...
study of poisons and their effects, particularly on living systems. Because many substances are known to be poisonous to life (whether plant, animal, or microbial), toxicology is a broad field, ...
any substance poisonous to an organism. The term is sometimes restricted to poisons spontaneously produced by living organisms (biotoxins). Besides the poisons produced by such microorganisms as bacteria, dinoflagellates, and ...
genus of extinct mammals of the Late Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs in South America (the Pliocene Epoch preceded the Pleistocene and ended about 1.6 million years ago). The genus is ...
bacterial poison (toxin) that is no longer active but retains the property of combining with or stimulating the formation of antibodies. In many bacterial diseases the bacteria itself remains sequestered ...
infection of tissue cells of the central nervous system, spleen, liver, and other organs by a parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Infection occurs in domestic and wild animals, birds, and humans and ...
plaything for an infant or child. A toy is often an instrument used in a game. Toys, playthings, and games survive from the most remote past and from a great ...
ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan. It lies along the Sea of Japan and occupies an area of 1,642 square miles (4,252 square km). The coastal plain is indented by Toyama ...
pioneering social settlement in the East End of London. It was founded on Commercial Street, Whitechapel (now in Tower Hamlets), in 1884 by the canon Samuel Augustus Barnett and named ...
English historian whose 12-volume A Study of History (1934-61) put forward a philosophy of history, based on an analysis of the cyclical development and decline of civilizations, that provoked much ...
city, Aichi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. The city is situated on Atsumi Bay. Formerly called Yoshida, the old castle town was the scene of much fighting during the 16th century, ...
city, Aichi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It is situated along the lower reaches of the Toyo River. The city developed around the Toyokawa Inari Shrine and served as a post ...
city, Osaka fu (urban prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies just north of Osaka city. A former rural town set amid rice paddies, it became a residential suburb of Osaka after ...
city, Aichi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies along the middle reaches of the Yahagi River. It originated as a castle town, with its commercial quarter serving as a collection ...
Japanese parent company of the Toyota group and one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world. Most of its subsidiary companies are involved in the production of automobiles, automobile ...
nephew and adopted son and heir of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the renowned warrior who in 1590 unified Japan after more than a century of civil war. The eventual disinheritance and murder ...
son and heir of Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537-98), the great warrior who unified Japan after more than a century of civil unrest. Hideyori's suicide at 22 removed the last obstacle to ...
(Japanese: "outside daimyo"), nonhereditary feudal lord or daimyo in Japan during the Tokugawa period (1603-1867), whose house had been equal to the Tokugawa house before the establishment of the shogunate ...
U.S. anthropologist and archaeologist who made substantial contributions to knowledge of the culture and language of the Maya Indians of Mexico and Central America.
city, capital of Trabzon il (province), northeastern Turkey. It lies on a wide bay on the southeastern shore of the Black Sea backed by high ranges of ...
in biology, any chemical element required by living organisms in minute amounts, usually as part of a vital enzyme, a cell-produced catalytic protein. Exact needs vary among species, but commonly ...
detectable substance added to a chemical, biological, or physical system to follow its process or to study distribution of the substance in the system. Tracer dyes have long been used ...
in architecture, bars, or ribs, used decoratively in windows or other openings; the term also applies to similar forms used in relief as wall decoration (sometimes called blind tracery), and ...
in vertebrates and invertebrates, a tube or system of tubes that carries air. In insects, a few land arachnids, and myriapods, the trachea is an elaborate system of small, branching ...
in botany, primitive element of xylem (fluid-conducting tissues), consisting of a single elongated cell with pointed ends and a secondary, cellulosic wall thickened with lignin (a chemical binding substance) containing ...
inflammation and infection of the trachea (windpipe). Most conditions that affect the trachea are bacterial or viral infections, although irritants like chlorine gas, sulfur dioxide, and dense smoke can injure ...
any of the vascular plants, members of the division, or phylum, Tracheophyta, numbering some 260,000 species and including all of the conspicuous flora of the Earth today. Tracheophyte, meaning "tracheid ...
chronic inflammatory disease of the eye caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, a bacterium-like microorganism that grows only within tissue cells of the infected host. The conjunctiva becomes thickened and roughened, and ...
light-coloured, very fine-grained extrusive igneous rock that is composed chiefly of alkali feldspar with minor amounts of dark-coloured minerals such as biotite, amphibole, or pyroxene. Compositionally, trachyte is the volcanic ...
in music, on the organ, mechanical system that transmits the organist's action in depressing a key to the pallet valve that admits air into the pipes that the key controls. ...
statement of a Greek theory of comedy found in a 10th-century manuscript (published 1839) in the collection of Henri Charles du Cambout de Coislin. The treatment of comedy displays marked ...
high-power, low-speed traction vehicle and power unit mechanically similar to an automobile or truck but designed for use off the road. The two main types are wheeled, which is the ...
tractor carrying a front-mounted bucket that can be raised, lowered, and tilted forward and backward hydraulically. It is forced into the digging by forward motion of the tractor and retracted ...
rough-hewn American film star who was one of Hollywood's greatest male leads and the first actor to receive two consecutive Academy Awards for best actor.
any contractual arrangement between states concerning their trade relationships. Trade agreements may be bilateral or multilateral-that is, between two states or more than two states.
voluntary association of business firms organized on a geographic or industrial basis to promote and develop commercial and industrial opportunities within its sphere of operation, to voice publicly the views ...
(1906), British legislation that provided trade unions with immunity from liability for damages arising from strike actions. The background to the statute was a series of adverse court decisions affecting ...
temporary market organized to promote trade, where buyers and sellers gather to transact business and to explore business opportunities. Trade shows are organized at regular intervals, generally at the same ...
an association of labourers in a particular trade, industry, or company, created for the purpose of securing improvements in pay, benefits, working conditions, or social and political status through collective ...
very steady wind that blows westward and toward the equator from the subtropical high-pressure belts at latitudes near 30° N and 30° S toward the intertropical convergence zone. It is ...
English governmental advisory body established by William III in May 1696 to replace the Lords of Trade (1675) in the supervision of colonial affairs. The board was to examine colonial ...
any visible sign or device used by a business enterprise to identify its goods and distinguish them from those made or carried by others. Trademarks may be words or groups ...
