a principal formulator of Eastern Gnosticism, a system of religious dualism (belief in rival deities of good and evil) with a doctrine of salvation by gnosis, or esoteric knowledge. [2 Related Articles]
Syrian Melchite bishop, theologian, and linguist, early exponent of cultural exchange with Islamic and other non-Christian peoples, and the first known Christian writer in Arabic.
(from the article "Religion") ...Church in the Holy Land by 12 of its 18 bishops because of his having approved a long-term lease of church property in Jerusalem to Jewish investors. He was replaced ...
ancient Greek elegiac poet whose work preserved a glimpse into Greek society in a time of turmoil. More than half of all surviving elegiac poetry in ancient Greek was transmitted ... [1 Related Articles]
Byzantine monk, theologian, and chronicler, coauthor of a report on the situation of the Eastern Church during the turbulent reign of Photius (858-867 and 878-886), the controversial patriarch of Constantinople. ...
Greek theologian, writer, and prominent head of Alexandria's Catechetical school, at that time the intellectual centre for Hellenistic Christianity. Reputed to be one of the Greek Church's distinguished teachers, Theognostus ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Anatolian religion") The elaborate epic of the struggle against Ullikummi, and the Theogony, though written in Hittite, are Hurrian in origin and refer to Hurrian and even Mesopotamian deities. The Theogony tells ...
Greek Orthodox metropolitan of Philadelphia and theological polemicist and writer on Christian asceticism, who emerged as a central figure in the political and theological turmoil of his age.
(from the article "Existentialism") ...risks, renunciation, and limitation. Among the risks, the most serious is man's descent into inauthenticity or into alienation, his degradation from a person into a thing. Against this risk, for ...
a form of religious thought that establishes religious inquiry on the basis of a norm other than the authority of tradition. It was an important influence in Protestantism from about ... [4 Related Articles]
discipline of religious thought that is restricted in its narrower sense, because of origination and format, to Christianity, but in its broader sense, because of its themes, to other religions. ... [63 Related Articles]
(from the article "mathematics") Notable in the closing phase of Greek mathematics were Pappus (early 4th century AD), Theon (late 4th century), and Theon's daughter Hypatia. All were active in Alexandria as professors of ...
(from the article "Tillich, Paul") ...to destroy individual freedom. Autonomy (self-rule) is the inevitable and justified revolt against such oppression, which nevertheless entails the temptation to reject all norms and values. Theonomy (divine rule) envisions ...
(from the article "Eastern Orthodoxy") ...separating itself from the divine Word. Thus, in death itself-for Jesus' death was indeed a fully human death-the Son of God was the "subject" of the Passion. The theopaschite formula ...
Byzantine monk, theologian, and chronicler, a principal adversary of the heterodox in the Iconoclastic Controversy (concerning the destruction of sacred images). The annals he wrote are the leading source for ...
one of the leading late Byzantine painters of murals, icons, and miniatures who influenced the 15th-century painting style of the Novgorod school (q.v.) and the Moscow school (q.v.). His early ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Nicephorus II Phocas") ...the death of Romanus II on March 15, 963, the situation in the capital changed. The Emperor's will had left a eunuch, Joseph Bringas, in charge of the affairs of ...
(from Greek theophaneia, "appearance of God"), manifestation of deity in sensible form. The term has been applied generally to the appearance of the gods in the ancient Greek and Near ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "biblical literature") Luke is the third in order of the canonical gospels, which, together with Acts, its continuation, is dedicated by Luke to the same patron, "most excellent" Theophilus. Theophilus may have ...
Eastern Roman emperor (829-842), principal promoter of the 9th-century Byzantine renascence of learning, and the last advocate of the Eastern heresy of Iconoclasm (the destruction of religious images) in a ... [2 Related Articles]
German monk who wrote De diversis artibus (c. 1110-40; also called Schedula diversarum artium), an exhaustive account of the techniques of almost all the known crafts of the first half ... [2 Related Articles]
theologian and patriarch of Alexandria, Egypt, violent opponent of non-Christian religions, severe critic of heterodox influence among Christian writers and monks, and a major figure in the ecclesiastical politics of ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "name") ...substantive. Noncompound names may originally have been given to inferior members of the tribe and their children. The compound names frequently associated the bearer with a god (they are called ...
(from the article "Ericales") Theophrastaceae includes 6 to 9 genera and 105 species of mostly shrubs and small trees that are largely restricted to the New World. Samolus (15 species) is the only herbaceous ...
Greek Peripatetic philosopher and pupil of Aristotle. He studied at Athens under Aristotle, and when Aristotle was forced to retire in 323 he became the head of the Lyceum, the ... [15 Related Articles]
(from the article "Sergius III") Of noble birth, Sergius was a deacon when made bishop of Caere by Pope Formosus, during whose pontificate powerful Roman factions developed that involved the influential Tusculani count Theophylactus. Later, ...
Greek Orthodox archbishop of Ochrida (modern Ohrid, Macedonia), theologian and linguistic scholar, who helped disseminate Byzantine culture among the Balkan Slavs during the early Middle Ages.
also spelled Theophylact Simocatta Byzantine historian whose chronicles of the Eastern Roman Empire provide a unique source for the Greek relations with the Slavs and Persians during the 6th and ...
alkaloidal drug used in medicine as an antiasthmatic, coronary vasodilator, and diuretic. Theophylline is a xanthine alkaloid, a methylxanthine chemically related to caffeine and theobromine. Along with caffeine, it is ... [1 Related Articles]
Greek historian and rhetorician whose Philippica, though lost in its original form, has survived through the work of later writers to form one element in the tradition concerning the reign ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "Argenteuil") ...argent) deposits exploited there by the Gauls. Argenteuil grew up around a convent that was founded there in the 7th century and of which Charlemagne's daughter Theorade may have been ...
large bass lute, or archlute, used from the 16th to the 18th century for song accompaniments and for basso continuo parts. It had six to eight single strings running along ...
(from the article "theorbo") A similar, smaller instrument, the theorbo-lute, or French lute, was a modification of the regular double-strung lute, to which were added one to three off-the-fingerboard courses of bass strings. There ...
Swedish biochemist whose study of enzymes that facilitate oxidation reactions in living cells contributed to the understanding of enzyme action and led to the discovery of the ways in which ...
in mathematics and logic, a proposition or statement that is demonstrated. In geometry, a proposition is commonly considered as a problem (a construction to be effected) or a theorem (a ... [9 Related Articles]
(from the article "logic") ...of the system allow various transformations on, or inferences from, initial sequences of symbols. When no additional material assumptions are used, the final line of any such derivation is called ...
(from the article "Canadian literature") ...of language as well as in the conventions of literary form were exposed in quite a number of works; of note in this endeavour was the work of Madeleine Gagnon ...
(from the article "chemistry") ...have shown that chemical behaviour is best interpreted by a quantum mechanical model of atomic and molecular structure. The branch of physical chemistry that is largely devoted to this subject ...
(from the article "Bohr, Niels") ...first published in England. In 1916, after serving as a lecturer in Copenhagen and then in Manchester, Bohr was appointed to a professorship in his native city. The university created ...
(from the article "chromatography") The efficiency of a column is reported as the number of theoretical plates (plate number), N, a concept Martin borrowed from his experience with fractional distillation:
(from the article "nature, philosophy of") ...the closely related view that the behaviour of entities of a certain kind can be explained in terms of the behaviour or properties of entities of another (usually physically smaller) ...
(from the article "Christianity") ...John in the creation and restoration of the universe was clarified by locating the Platonic conception of Ideas in the Logos. Greek emphasis on the vision or contemplation (
(from the article "Eubulus") ...BC, when Athens was morally and financially exhausted from 13 years of war. From then until 346 he was the most influential politician in Athens. He used his position as ...
(from the article "Buddhism") ...area in the mid-19th century. By the end of that century, a very small number of Indian intellectuals had become interested in Buddhism through Western scholarship or through the activities ...
occult movement originating in the 19th century with roots that can be traced to ancient Gnosticism and Neoplatonism. The term theosophy, derived from the Greek theos ("god") ... [7 Related Articles]
(from the article "troparion") ...alternation); katabasia (from "to descend") refers to the singing of an ode by left and right choirs descending from their stalls and singing in the middle of the church; theotokion, ...
(Greek: "God-Bearer"), in Eastern Orthodoxy, the designation of the Virgin Mary as mother of God. The term has had great historical importance because the Nestorians, who stressed the independence of ... [7 Related Articles]
island, southernmost island of the Cyclades group, Greece, in the Aegean Sea, sometimes included in the Southern Sporades group. The island has an area of 29 square miles (76 square ... [10 Related Articles]
any member of a group of intrusive igneous rocks that contain labradorite (basic plagioclase feldspar), nepheline, and titaniferous augite. Theralites are classified in the nepheline-tephrite group in this series (see ...
Athenian politician and general, active in the last years of the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) and controversial in his own lifetime and since. His father, Hagnon, a contemporary of Pericles, ... [1 Related Articles]
Jewish sect of ascetics closely resembling the Essenes, believed to have settled on the shores of Lake Mareotis in the vicinity of Alexandria, Egypt, during the 1st century AD. The ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "pregnancy") ...An induced abortion is the deliberate interruption of a pregnancy by any means before the 20th week of gestation. In medical terminology an abortion may be therapeutic or elective (voluntary). ...
(from the article "medicine, history of") Dietetic treatment was important and preceded any medicinal treatment. Fats were much used, internally and externally. The most important methods of active treatment were referred to as the "five procedures": ...
(from the article "drug") ...to understand the margin of safety that exists between the dose needed for the desired effect and the dose that produces unwanted and possibly dangerous side effects. This relationship, termed ...
(from the article "mask") Masks have played an important part in magico-religious rites to prevent and to cure disease. In some cultures, the masked members of secret societies could drive disease demons from entire ...
treatment and care of a patient for the purpose of both preventing and combating disease or alleviating pain or injury. The term comes from the Greek therapeutikos, which means "inclined ... [66 Related Articles]
(from the article "tigerfish") In the Indo-Pacific, marine and freshwater tigerfishes of the family Theraponidae (order Perciformes) are rather small and usually marked with bold stripes. The three-striped tigerfish (Therapon jarbua) is a common, ...
any member of a major order (Therapsida) of reptiles of Permian and Triassic time (from 299 million to 200 million years ago). Therapsids were the stock that gave rise to ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "South Asian arts") ...retains on his head without touching it a pot of uncooked rice surmounted by a tall bamboo frame. People ascribe this feat to the spirit of the deity, which, it ...
electronic musical instrument invented in 1920 in the Soviet Union by Leon Theremin (also called Lev Termen). It consists of a box with radio tubes producing oscillations at two sound-wave ... [2 Related Articles]
(LEV SERGEYEVICH TERMEN), Russian scientist and inventor (b. Aug. 24, 1896, St. Petersburg, Russia--d. Nov. 3, 1993, Moscow, Russia), created one of the first electronic instruments; originally called the etherophone ...
Carmelite nun whose service to her Roman Catholic order, although outwardly unremarkable, was later recognized for its exemplary spiritual accomplishments. She was named a doctor of the church by Pope ...
town in northern Bohemia (now in the Czech Republic), founded in 1780 and used from 1941 to 1945 by Nazi Germany as a walled ghetto, or concentration camp, and as ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "vertebrate") ...hair; mammary glands without nipples; pectoral girdle; separate oviducts that open into cloacal chamber that is shared with excretory ducts; oviparous.Mammary glands with nipples; functional teeth; oviducts partly fused; ...
(from the article "religions, classification of") ...which is dominated by animism and characterized by a confused mythology, a firm faith in magic, and the preeminence of fear above other religious emotions. At a higher stage of ...
one of the most prolific writers in Canada, with some 1,300 radio and television scripts and some 50 books to his credit. He was hailed as a literary genius after ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "mask") The morphological elements of the mask are with few exceptions derived from natural forms. Masks with human features are classified as anthropomorphic and those with animal characteristics as theriomorphic. In ...
(from the article "religious symbolism and iconography") ...and totemism (a belief system and social system based on animal symbolism), animal images frequently occur in other more sophisticated religions. The animal form as a representation of the divine ...
(from the article "Life Sciences") ...in Patagonia (Argentina). Another new species of dinosaur, Falcarius utahensis, was described from the Early Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation in Utah. It represented the earliest-known therizinosauroid dinosaur from North America. ...
(from the article "British thermal unit") ...to raise the temperature of one pound of water 1° F. The definition was changed because it was dependent on the initial temperature of the water. Gas utilities frequently use ...
complex of rooms designed for public bathing, relaxation, and social activity that was developed to a high degree of sophistication by the ancient Romans. Although public baths are known to ... [2 Related Articles]
large gulf of the Aegean Sea in northeastern Greece between Thessaly, Macedonia, and the Chalcidice peninsula. Up to 60 mi (100 km) long northwest-southeast and about 40 mi wide at ...
(from the article "ammeter") ...percent. The electrodynamic ammeter uses a moving coil rotating in the field produced by a fixed coil. It measures direct and alternating current with accuracies of from 0.1 to 0.25 ...
(from the article "analysis") During thermal analysis heat is added to an analyte while some property of the analyte is measured. Often the temperature of the sample is monitored during the addition of heat. ...
(from the article "breeder reactor") Another type of experimental breeder, the thermal breeder reactor, employs thorium-232 as its basic fuel, or fertile material. It converts this isotope into fissionable uranium-233, which is capable of creating ...
(from the article "Typical values of thermal conductivity") ...of energies between two such allowed bands are called forbidden bands-i.e., electrons within the solid may not possess these energies. The band theory accounts for many of the electrical and ...
(from the article "mountain") ...extension and associated crustal thinning can reduce and eliminate crustal roots. When this happens, mountain belts widen and their mean elevation diminishes. Similarly, the cooling and associated thermal contraction of ...
(from the article "gasoline") ...volatile, more valuable fractions of crude petroleum. Later processes, designed to raise the yield of gasoline from crude oil, split large molecules into smaller ones by processes known as cracking. ...
(from the article "spectroscopy") ...(CsI), or potassium bromide (KBr), coated with silicon or germanium are employed. Below 200 cm−1 Mylar films of varying thickness are used to cover narrow portions of the region. Thermal ...
(from the article "gas") Both of these properties present difficulties for the simple mean free path version of kinetic theory. In the case of diffusion it must be argued that collisions of the molecules ...
(from the article "industrial glass") ...water-great tension may develop in the outside layers owing to their shrinking relative to the inner layers. This tension may lead to cracking. Resistance to such thermal shock is known ...
internal energy present in a system in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium by virtue of its temperature. Thermal energy cannot be converted to useful work as easily as the energy ... [14 Related Articles]
(from the article "thermodynamics") The zeroth law of thermodynamics. When two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, the first two systems are in thermal equilibrium with each ...
the general increase in the volume of a material as its temperature is increased. It is usually expressed as a fractional change in length or volume per unit temperature change; ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "oxidation-reduction reaction") The transition from combustion to explosion is caused by an acceleration of the reaction, induced either by a rise in temperature or by increasing lengths of the reaction chain. The ...
change of a solid into a liquid when heat is applied. In a pure crystalline solid, this process occurs at a fixed temperature called the melting point (q.v.); an impure ... [16 Related Articles]
(from the article "gas meter") In thermal-type gas meters a heater (such as an electrical heating coil) is placed in the gas stream, and thermometers are installed on its upstream and downstream sides. Gas flow ...
(from the article "mass spectrometry") Atoms with low ionization potentials can be ionized by contact with the heated surface of a metal, generally a filament, having a high work function (the energy required to remove ...
(from the article "dating") In a similar development, the use of highly sensitive thermal ionization mass spectrometers is replacing the counting techniques employed in some disequilibrium dating (see below). Not only has this led ...
(from the article "climate change") Many parts of the globe experienced higher temperatures than today some time during the early to mid-Holocene. In some cases the increased temperatures were accompanied by decreased moisture availability. Although ...
(from the article "natural gas") ...stage of petroleum generation, which occurs at depths of about 760 to 4,880 metres, includes the full range of hydrocarbons that are produced within the oil window. Often significant amounts ...
(from the article "asteroid") ...system) is that of thermal radiometry. This technique exploits the fact that the infrared radiation (heat) emitted by an asteroid must balance the solar radiation it absorbs. By using a ...
(from the article "weather modification") ...the adjacent water. A rising convection current develops over the island. The result is that air moving over the island rises in a manner similar to that over a mountain. ...
