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Tonawanda-North Tonawanda ... tor

Tonawanda-North Tonawanda: twin industrial cities, in Erie and Niagara counties, western New York, U.S. They lie at the junction of the New York State Canal System and the Niagara River and form ...
Tonbridge and Malling: borough (district), administrative and historic county of Kent, England, on the River Medway southeast of London. It lies to the south of the North Downs and northeast of the Weald ...
Tonder: city, Sonderjylland amtskommune (county), southwestern Jutland, Denmark, southwest of Abenra. Founded in the 13th century and chartered in 1243, it was a prosperous seaport in the Middle Ages until its ...
Tondern lace: lace made at Tonder (German: Tondern), Den., in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Bobbin-made laces with flower designs similar to those of Mechlin lace were made. No original ...
tondo: a circular painting, relief carving, plaque, or mural design. The tondo, which became popular in Italy during the 15th century, was derived from round reliefs of subjects such as the ...
Tondou Massif: plateau region in the eastern Central African Republic, near the border with The Sudan. Most of the plateau ranges between 2,600 and 3,300 feet (800 and 1,000 m) in elevation; ...
tone: in linguistics, a variation in the pitch of the voice while speaking. The word tone is usually applied to those languages (called tone languages) in which pitch serves to help ...
tone: in acoustics, sound that can be recognized by its regularity of vibration. A simple tone has only one frequency, although its intensity may vary. A complex tone consists of two ...
Tone River: major river of the Kanto Plain, Honshu, Japan. It rises in the volcanic area of northwestern Kanto chiho (region), about 35 miles (56 km) north of Maebashi in Gumma ken ...
Tone, Wolfe: Irish republican and rebel who sought to overthrow English rule in Ireland and who led a French military force to Ireland during the insurrection of 1798.
Tonegawa Susumu: Japanese molecular biologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1987 for his discovery of the genetic mechanisms underlying the great diversity of antibodies produced by ...
tong war: any of several feuds carried on in U.S. cities (e.g., San Francisco and Los Angeles) between gangs of Chinese immigrants or their descendants. These gang wars spanned a 70-year period ...
Tonga: country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of 169 islands divided into three main island groups: Tongatapu in the south, Ha'apai in the centre, and Vava'u in the north. ...
Tonga: constitutional monarchy in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, 2,000 miles (3,000 km) northeast of Sydney, Australia, and about 400 miles (640 km) east of Fiji. It comprises an archipelago of 169 ...
Tonga: Bantu-speaking people who inhabit the southern portion of Zambia and neighbouring areas of northern Zimbabwe and Botswana. Numbering more than one million in the late 20th century, the Tonga are ...
Tonga Trench: submarine trench in the floor of the South Pacific Ocean, about 850 miles (1,375 km) in length, forming the eastern boundary of the Tonga Ridge; the two together constitute the ...
Tongass National Forest: forest region and wilderness area in southeastern Alaska, U.S., on the Gulf of Alaska. Established in 1909 by a bill passed in Congress and signed into law by President Theodore ...
Tongatapu Group: southernmost island cluster of Tonga, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about 2,000 miles (3,000 km) northeast of Sydney. The group has a total area of 135 square miles (350 square ...
Tongeren: municipality, Limburg province, northeastern Belgium. It lies along the Geer (Jaar) River, northwest of Liege. Important in Roman times as Aduatuca Tungrorum, capital of the Germanic Tungri tribe, it was ...
Tongsa: town, fortress, and monastery, central Bhutan. It lies in the Himalayas on the Tongsa (or Mangde) River, about 5,500 feet (1,700 m) above sea level. It was the headquarters of ...
tongue: in most vertebrates, an organ, capable of various muscular movements, located on the floor of the mouth. In some animals (e.g., frogs) it is elongated and adapted to capturing insect ...
Tongue River: river rising on the eastern slopes of the Bighorn Mountains just west of Sheridan, Wyo., U.S., and flowing northeastward for 246 miles (396 km) to join the Yellowstone River at ...
tongue twister: word or group of words made difficult to articulate by a close sequence of similar consonantal sounds. Tongue twisters are often passed on for generations, becoming a rich part of ...
tongue-tie: congenital shortening of the flap of mucous membrane (frenum) beneath the tongue, a condition that sometimes interferes with protrusion of the tongue. The name comes from the belief, of folk ...
tonguefish: any of the small marine flatfishes of the family Cynoglossidae, found in the tropics, especially in Asia. Tonguefish are flattened, drop-shaped flatfish with small eyes, both on the left side ...
tongues, gift of: (from Greek glossa, "tongue," and lalia, "talking"), utterances approximating words and speech, usually produced during states of intense religious excitement. The vocal organs of the speaker are affected, the tongue ...
Tongwen Guan: ("Interpreters College"), first institution in China for the study of Western thought and society.
tonic: in music, the first note of the diatonic scale. It is the most important degree of the scale and dominates both melody and harmony. See tonality.
Tonisson, Jaan: Estonian statesman, lawyer, newspaper editor, and civic leader who opposed Russian (tsarist and communist) domination of his country.
Tonk: city, eastern Rajasthan state, northwestern India. It lies just south of the Banas River. The old walled town, which was capital of the former princely state of Tonk, was founded ...
Tonkawa: nearly extinct North American Indian people of south-central Texas whose language is considered by some to belong to the Coahuiltecan family and by others to be a distinct linguistic stock ...
Tonkin: northern Vietnam during the French colonial period. The term Tonkin was never officially used by the Vietnamese to describe their country.
Tonkin, Gulf of: northwest arm of the South China Sea, bounded by China (north and east), Hainan Island (east), and northern Vietnam (west). The gulf is 300 miles (500 km) long, 150 miles ...
Tonle Sap: natural floodplain reservoir, central Cambodia. The lake is drained during the dry season by the Sab River (Tonle Sab) across the muddy Veal Poc plain southeastward to the Mekong River. ...
tonnage: in shipping, the total number of tons registered or carried, or the total carrying capacity.
tonnage and poundage: two subsidies granted since medieval times to the English crown by Parliament. Tonnage was a fixed subsidy on each tun (cask) of wine imported, and poundage was an ad valorem ...
Tonnies, Ferdinand: German sociologist whose theory reconciled the organic and social-contract conceptions of society.
tonos: concept in ancient Greek music, pertaining to the placement of scale patterns at different pitches and closely connected with the notion of octave species (q.v.). Through transposition of the Greater ...
Tonsberg: town and seat of Vestfold fylke (county), southeastern Norway, at the head of Tonsbergfjorden. Considered to be the oldest town in Norway, Tonsberg was founded c. AD 871 and became ...
tonsil: small mass of lymphatic tissue located in the wall of the pharynx at the rear of the throat of man and other mammals. In man the term is used to ...
tonsillitis: inflammatory infection of the tonsils caused by invasion of the mucous membrane by microorganisms, usually hemolytic streptococci or viruses. The symptoms are sore throat, difficulty in swallowing, fever, malaise, and ...
tonsure: in various religions, a ceremony of initiation in which hair is clipped from the head as part of the ritual marking one's entrance into a new stage of religious development ...
Tonto National Monument: cliff dwellings located in the Tonto Basin of southeastern Arizona, U.S. They lie 110 miles (175 km) east of Phoenix, in Tonto National Forest. Between about AD 1150 and 1400, ...
Tonty, Henri de: Italian-born explorer and colonizer, companion of the Sieur de La Salle during his North American explorations.
Tooele: city, seat of Tooele county, north-central Utah, U.S. It lies 32 miles (52 km) southwest of Salt Lake City. Settled in 1849, it was a centre for mining operations in ...
Tooke, John Horne: radical politician, one of the most effective English agitators for parliamentary reform and freedom of dissent in the late 18th century. He attacked the powerful Whig magnates but stopped short ...
Tooke, Thomas: British financier and economist who championed free trade.
tool: an instrument for making material changes on other objects, as by cutting, shearing, striking, rubbing, grinding, squeezing, measuring, or other process. A hand tool is a small manual instrument traditionally ...
tool and die making: the industrial art of manufacturing stamping dies, plastics molds, and jigs and fixtures to be used in the mass production of solid objects.
Toombs, Robert A: American Southern antebellum politician who turned ardently secessionist, served briefly as Confederate secretary of state, and later sought to restore white supremacy in Georgia during and after Reconstruction.
Toomer, Jean: American poet and novelist.
tooth: any of the hard, resistant structures occurring on the jaws and in or around the mouth and pharynx areas of vertebrates. Teeth are used for catching and masticating food, for ...
tooth squeeze: pain caused by the expansion or contraction of air beneath the filling of a tooth when pressure within the mouth cavity is increased or decreased. Aircraft pilots and underwater divers ...
toothed whale: any of the odontocete cetaceans, including the oceanic dolphins, river dolphins, porpoises, pilot whales, beaked whales, and bottlenose whales, as well as the killer whale, sperm whale, narwhal, and beluga ...
toothwort: any of about 10 species of perennial herbs belonging to the genus Dentaria, of the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to northern temperate areas. The name toothwort refers to the plant's ...
Toots and the Maytals: highly popular Jamaican vocal ensemble of the 1960s and '70s, one of the great reggae groups. The members were Toots Hibbert (original name Frederick Hibbert; b. 1946, Maypen, Jamaica, ), ...
Toowoomba: city, southeastern Queensland, Australia, on the Great Dividing Range. The principal inland city in the state, Toowoomba is a rail and road junction, tourist resort, service centre for Darling Downs ...
top: a toy having a body of conical, circular, or oval shape, often hollow, with a point or peg on which it turns or is made to whirl. If given a ...
top moss: common species of urn moss (q.v.).
top shell: any marine snail of the family Trochidae (subclass Prosobranchia, class Gastropoda), characterized by a spiral, conical shell. Although top shells are found from the intertidal zone to the deep open ...
topaz: silicate mineral that is valued as a gemstone. It is believed that the topaz of modern mineralogists was unknown to the ancients and that the stone called topazos was the ...
topazolite: yellowish andradite garnet, named for its resemblance to topaz. See andradite.
Topeka: city, capital (1861) of Kansas, U.S., seat (1857) of Shawnee county. Topeka lies on the Kansas River in the east-central part of the state.
Topeka Constitution: (1855), U.S. resolution that established an antislavery territorial government in opposition to the existing proslavery territorial government in Kansas.
Topelius, Zacharias: the father of the Finnish historical novel. His works, written in Swedish, are classics of Finland's national literature.
topiary: the training of living trees and shrubs into artificial, decorative shapes. Thickly leaved evergreen shrubs are used in topiary; the best subjects are box, cypress, and yew, although others-such as ...
Topkapi Palace Museum: in Istanbul, collection of classical antiquities, manuscripts, ceramics, armour, textiles, and other artifacts, housed in the sultans' Seraglio (Topkapi Saray). It was established in 1892 and later extended.
topographic map: cartographic representation of the Earth's surface at a level of detail or scale intermediate between that of a plan (small area) and a chorographic (large regional) map. Within the limits ...
topographical poetry: verse genre characterized by the description of a particular landscape. A subgenre, the prospect poem, details the view from a height. The form was established by John Denham in 1642 ...
topological space: in mathematics, generalization of Euclidean spaces in which the idea of closeness, or limits, is described in terms of relationships between sets rather than in terms of distance. Every topological ...
topology: offshoot of geometry that originated during the 19th century and that studies those properties an object retains under deformation-specifically, bending, stretching and squeezing, but not breaking or tearing. Thus, a ...
toponymy: taxonomic study of place-names, based on etymological, historical, and geographical information. A place-name is a word or words used to indicate, denote, or identify a geographic locality such as a ...
Toprakkala: site of a Khwarezmian walled city near modern Dashhowuz in Uzbekistan. The city was inhabited from about the 1st century BC until the 6th century AD, a period during which ...
Toprakkale: ancient Urartian fortress located near modern Van in southeastern Turkey. The walls of Toprakkale, erected in the 8th century BC, were of cyclopean masonry and sloped slightly inward, perhaps as ...
toque: small, round, close-fitting hat, brimless or with a small brim, once worn by both men and women. In the 12th and 13th centuries, women wore embroidered toques, made of velvet, ...
tor: exposed rock mass of jointed and broken blocks. Tors are seldom more than 15 metres (50 feet) high and often occur as residues at the summits of inselbergs and at ...