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Tempo reforms: (1841-43), unsuccessful attempt by the Tokugawa shogunate (1603-1868) to restore the feudal agricultural society that prevailed in Japan at the beginning of its rule. Named after the Tempo era (1830-44) ...
Tempo, Il: (Italian: "The Times"), morning daily newspaper published in Rome, one of Italy's outstanding newspapers and one with broad appeal and influence in the Roman region. It was founded in 1945 ...
Tempskya: genus of fossil tree ferns of Mesozoic age (65,000,000 to 225,000,000 years old), constituting the family Tempskyaceae, order Filicales. It was among the most bizarre of plants, with an unbranched ...
Temptations, the: American vocal group noted for their smooth harmonies and intricate choreography. Recording primarily for Motown Records, they were among the most popular performers of soul music in the 1960s and ...
Tempyo style: Japanese sculptural style of the Late Nara period (724-794), greatly influenced by the Chinese Imperial style of the T'ang dynasty (618-907). During this prolific era, many of the supreme sculptural ...
Temuco: capital of Cautin province and of Araucania region, southern Chile, lying on the Rio Cautin in the heart of the region. It was founded in 1881 as a frontier outpost, ...
Temur: grandson and successor of the great Kublai Khan; he ruled as emperor of China (from 1295 to 1307) and as great khan of the Mongol Empire. He was the last ...
Ten Commandments: (Greek deka logoi, "10 words"), list of religious precepts that, according to various passages in Exodus and Deuteronomy, were divinely revealed to Moses on Mt. Sinai and were engraved on ...
Ten Days of Penitence: the first 10 days of the Jewish religious year. See yamim nora'im.
Ten Kingdoms: (907-c. 980), period in Chinese history when southern China was ruled by nine small independent kingdoms, with one more small kingdom in the far north. It corresponded generally with the ...
Ten Lost Tribes of Israel: 10 of the original 12 Hebrew tribes, which, under the leadership of Joshua, took possession of Canaan, the Promised Land, after the death of Moses. They were named Asher, Dan, ...
Ten Sleep: town, Washakie county, north-central Wyoming, U.S., situated in the Bighorn Basin, west of the Bighorn Mountains, 25 miles (40 km) east of Worland. The site, at the junction of Nowood ...
Ten Thousand Immortals: in Persian history, core troops in the Achaemenian army, so named because their number of 10,000 was immediately reestablished after every loss. Under the direct leadership of the hazarapat, or ...
Ten Thousand Smokes, Valley of: volcanic region, southern Alaska, U.S., 265 miles (425 km) southwest of Anchorage. The valley was created in 1912 by the eruption of the Novarupta and Mount Katmai volcanoes. Its name ...
Ten, The: group of 10 American painters who first exhibited together in 1898, in New York City, and continued to do so for the next 20 years. Most members of the group ...
Tena: town, eastern Ecuador, located in El Oriente region, the tropical rain forest section of Ecuador east of the Andean cordilleras, on an affluent of the Napo River. A missionary settlement, ...
tenant farming: agricultural system in which landowners contribute their land and a measure of operating capital and management while tenants contribute their labour with various amounts of capital and management, the returns ...
Tenasserim: narrow coastal region, southeastern Myanmar (Burma), bordered to the east by Thailand and to the west by the Andaman Sea. The Mergui Archipelago, with more than 200 islands of varying ...
Tenby: market town and resort, historic and present county of Pembrokeshire, Wales, on Carmarthen Bay. Though Scandinavian settlement probably occurred there, the town essentially dates from the building of a Norman ...
tench: (species Tinca tinca), widely distributed European food and sport fish of the carp family Cyprinidae (order Cypriniformes), noted for its ability to survive low oxygen conditions. The tench is a ...
Tench, Watkin: British army officer whose two books about early Australia have become classics.
Tencin, Claudine-Alexandrine Guerin de: French author and literary patroness whose associations with celebrated writers and political personalities ensured her position as one of the prominent social figures of the 18th century.
Tencin, Pierre Guerin de: French statesman, cardinal, and anti-Jansenist of the 18th century.
Tenda Pass: pass (6,135 feet [1,870 m]) in the Maritime Alps, lying on the French-Italian border near the resort of Limone Piemonte. Two parallel tunnels carry a railroad and highway beneath the ...
tendinitis: inflammation of the sheaths of the tendons. These sheaths are composed of thin, filmy tissue that permits the sliding motion of tendons within them. The cause of inflammation is irritation ...
tendon: in anatomy, tissue that attaches a muscle to other body parts, usually bones. Tendons are the connective tissues that transmit the mechanical force of muscle contraction to the bones; the ...
tendril: in botany, plant organ specialized to anchor and support vining stems. Tendrils may be modified leaves, leaflets, leaf tips, or leaf stipules; they may, however, be derived as modified stem ...
Tendring: district, administrative and historic county of Essex, England. It occupies the low-lying North Sea coastal tract between the estuaries of the Rivers Stour and Colne in the northeastern corner of ...
tenebrism: in the history of Western painting, the use of extreme contrasts of light and dark in figurative compositions to heighten their dramatic effect. (The term is derived from the Latin ...
Tenere: physiographic region of the Sahara extending from northeastern Niger into western Chad. Comprising the northwestern part of the Central Sudan depression, this vast level plain of sand extends over approximately ...
Tenerife: island, largest of the Canary Islands, Santa Cruz de Tenerife provincia, in the comunidad autonoma ("autonomous community") of Canarias, Spain. It lies in the Atlantic Ocean opposite the northwest coast ...
Tenes: town, northern Algeria. A small Mediterranean port, it is built on the site of the ancient Phoenician and Roman colonies of Catenna. Ruins of the Roman colony's ramparts and tombs ...
Tenggerese: second smallest of the ethnic groups indigenous to the island of Java in Indonesia, living mainly on the high slopes of a large volcanic crater in the Tengger Mountains and ...
Tengiz, Lake: salt lake in the northern part of the Saryarqa (Kazak Uplands). The largest lake in northern Kazakstan, it has an area of 614 square miles (1,590 square km) and a ...
Tengnoupal: district, Manipur state, eastern India. Formerly part of the Central district, it is a hilly region in the Eastern Himalayas south of the Imphal Valley, has an area of 1,303 ...
Tengrela: town, administrative centre (since 1980), of Tengrela departement, extreme northern Cote d'Ivoire, situated on a road connecting the Cote d'Ivoire town of Boundiali (south) with the country of Mali (north). ...
tengu: in Japanese folklore, a type of mischievous supernatural being, sometimes considered the reincarnated spirit of one who was proud and arrogant in life. Tengu are renowned swordsmen and are said ...
Teniers, David, The Elder: Flemish Baroque painter of genre scenes, landscapes, and religious subjects.
Teniers, David, The Younger: prolific Flemish painter of the Baroque period known for his genre scenes of peasant life.
Tenji: 38th emperor of Japan, from 668 to 672, and the ruler who freed the Japanese court from the domination of the Soga family. Tenji implemented a series of reforms that ...
Tenjiku: (Japanese: "Indian Style"), one of the three main styles of Japanese Buddhist architecture in the Kamakura period (1192-1333). The style is impressive for the size and multiplicity of its parts. ...
Tenkalai: one of two Hindu subsects of the Srivaisnava, the other being the Vadakalai. Though the two sects use both Sanskrit and Tamil scriptures and centre their worship on Vishnu, the ...
Tennant Creek: town, central Northern Territory, Australia, on Tennant Creek, which was explored in 1860 by the Scot John McDouall Stuart and named after a South Australian pastoralist. Earliest settlement of the ...
Tennant, Frederick Robert: English philosophical theologian, a powerful apologist with a wide range of interests who essayed a harmony of science and religion within an empirical approach to theology.
Tennant, Kylie: married name Kylie Tennant Rodd, nee Kylie Tennant Australian novelist and playwright famed for her realistic yet affirmative depictions of the lives of the underprivileged in Australia.
Tenneco Inc.: diversified American industrial corporation, with major interests in natural-gas pipelines and the construction of heavy equipment. It was also formerly a large producer of petroleum. Headquarters are in Houston, Texas.
Tennent, Gilbert: Irish-born American Presbyterian clergyman, son and brother of three other Presbyterian clergymen. He was one of the leaders of the Great Awakening of religious feeling in colonial America, along with ...
Tennessee: constituent state of the United States of America. Located in the upper South of the eastern United States, it became the 16th state of the Union in 1796. The geography ...
Tennessee River: central component of one of the world's greatest irrigation and hydropower systems and a major waterway of the southeastern United States. It is formed by the confluence of the Holston ...
Tennessee State University: public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Nashville, Tennessee, U.S., part of the State University and Community College System of Tennessee. A historically black university, it still has a largely ...
Tennessee Valley Authority: U.S. government agency established in 1933 to control floods, improve navigation, improve the living standards of farmers, and produce electrical power along the Tennessee River and its tributaries. The Tennessee ...
Tennessee walking horse: breed of horse that derives its name from the state of Tennessee and from its distinctive gait-the running walk. In a broad sense, it originated from all the ancestors that ...
Tennessee, University of: state university system based in Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S. It is a comprehensive, land-grant institution of higher education. In addition to the main campus there are branch campuses at Chattanooga and ...
Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway: American waterway linking the Tennessee River in northeastern Mississippi with the Tombigbee River in western Alabama. The 234-mile (376-kilometre) system of locks and canals along the upper Tombigbee River south ...
Tenniel, Sir John: English illustrator and satirical artist, especially known for his work in Punch and his illustrations for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1872).
tennis: game in which two opposing players (singles) or pairs of players (doubles) use tautly strung rackets to hit a ball of specified size, weight, and bounce over a net on ...
Tennis Court Oath: (June 20, 1789), dramatic act of defiance by representatives of the nonprivileged classes of the French nation (the Third Estate) during the meeting of the Estates-General (traditional assembly) at the ...
tenno: (Japanese: "heavenly emperor"), the title of Japan's chief of state, bestowed posthumously together with the reign name chosen by the emperor (e.g., Meiji Tenno, the emperor Meiji). The term was ...
Tennsift, Wadi: river in west-central Morocco. The Wadi Tennsift rises from several headstreams in the Haut (High) Atlas mountains and flows westward for 160 miles (260 km) to the Atlantic Ocean south ...
Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron: English poet often regarded as the chief representative of the Victorian age in poetry. He was raised to the peerage in 1884.
tenor: highest male vocal range, normally extending approximately from the second B below middle C to the G above; an extremely high voice, extending into the alto range, is usually termed ...
tenor and vehicle: the components of a metaphor, with the tenor referring to the concept, object, or person meant, and the vehicle being the image that carries the weight of the comparison. The ...
tenor drum: cylindrical drum larger and deeper toned than the closely related snare drum and lacking snares. It is usually about 18 inches (45 cm) in diameter and 14 inches (35 cm) ...
tenor horn: brass wind instrument derived from the cornet and the valved bugle, or flugelhorn. A saxhorn of tenor range and a tenor bugle are also sometimes called tenor horns.
tenorite: copper oxide mineral (CuO) found as gray-to-black metallic crystals as a sublimation product on lavas. Melaconite, the massive variety, is common as earthy deposits in the oxidized zone of copper ...
tenrec: any of 29 species of shrewlike and hedgehoglike mammals. Most are endemic to Madagascar and nearby islands, but the otter shrews (subfamily Potamogalinae) are native to the African mainland.
Tenreiro, Francisco Jose: African poet writing in Portuguese, whose verse expresses the sufferings caused by colonialist exploitation of the indentured labourers of the island of Sao Tome.
Tenri: city, Nara ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies in the eastern part of the Nara basin. The area around the city contains many burial mounds and shrines dating from early ...
Tenrikyo: (Japanese: "Religion of Divine Wisdom"), largest and most successful of the modern Shinto sects in Japan. Though founded in the 19th century, it is often considered in connection with the ...
Tensas River: river of northeastern and eastern Louisiana, U.S. It rises in East Carroll parish, as Tensas Bayou, and generally flows southwestward over a course of approximately 250 miles (400 km), joining ...
tense: in grammar, a verbal category relating the time of a narrated event to the time of the speech event. In many languages the concept of time is expressed not by ...
Tensho Kotai Jingu-kyo: ("Dancing Religion"), one of the "new religions" of Japan that have emerged in the post-World War II period. It was founded by Kitamura Sayo (1900-67), a peasant of Yamaguchi Prefecture, ...
tensile strength: maximum load that a material can support without fracture when being stretched, divided by the original cross-sectional area of the material. Tensile strengths have dimensions of force per unit area ...
tension: a balance maintained in an artistic work (such as a poem, painting, or musical composition) between opposing forces or elements; a controlled dramatic or dynamic quality.
tenson: a lyric poem of dispute or personal abuse composed by Provencal troubadours in which two opponents speak alternate stanzas, lines, or groups of lines usually identical in structure. In some ...
tent: portable shelter, consisting of a rigid framework covered by some flexible substance. Tents are used for a wide variety of purposes, including recreation, exploration, military encampment, and public gatherings such ...