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salt: in chemistry, substance produced by the reaction of an acid with a base. A salt consists of the positive ion of a base and the negative ion of an acid. ...
salt dome: largely subsurface geologic structure that consists of a vertical cylinder of salt (including halite and other evaporites) 1 km (0.6 mile) or more in diameter, embedded in horizontal or inclined ...
salt glaze: in ceramics, a glaze having the texture of orange peel, formed on stoneware by throwing common salt into the kiln at the peak temperature. Sodium from the salt combines with ...
salt karst: solution phenomena occurring in rock salt by the action of groundwater. Although rock salt is considerably more soluble in water than is the calcite that forms karst topography, rock salt ...
Salt Lake City: state capital and seat (1849) of Salt Lake county, north-central Utah, U.S., on the Jordan River at the southeastern end of Great Salt Lake. The world capital of the Church ...
salt marsh: area of low, flat, poorly drained ground that is subject to daily or occasional flooding by salt water or brackish water and that is covered with a thick mat of ...
salt nucleus: tiny particle in the atmosphere that is composed of a salt, either solid or in an aqueous solution; it promotes the condensation of water and thus is one form of ...
Salt Range: series of hills and low mountains between the valleys of the Indus and Jhelum rivers, located in the northern part of the Punjab region of Pakistan. It derives its name ...
Salt River: tributary of the Gila River, east-central Arizona, U.S. The Salt River is formed at the confluence of the Black and White rivers on a plateau in eastern Gila county. It ...
Salt, As-: town, west-central Jordan. It is on the old main highway (often called the As-Salt Road) leading from Amman to Jerusalem. The town is situated in the Al-Balqa' highland, about 2,600-2,750 ...
Salta: provincia (province), northwestern Argentina. It is bounded to the southwest by Chile, to the north by Bolivia, and to the northeast by Paraguay. The provincial capital is ...
Salta: city, capital of Salta provincia (province), northwestern Argentina. It lies in the irrigated Andean valley of Lerma, on a headstream of the Salado River. It was founded ...
Saltaire: early planned industrial settlement near Bradford in Airedale, in what is now Bradford metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, England. It was created in 1853 ...
saltarello: medieval and Renaissance court dance and a folk dance of present-day Rome. In the 14th century the saltarello followed the estampie as an afterdance; a few examples survive in manuscript. ...
Saltash: town ("parish"), Caradon district, administrative and historic county of Cornwall, England. It lies near the English Channel coast, on the west shore of the Tamar estuary, on the opposite side ...
saltbox: in architecture, type of residential building popular in colonial New England, having two stories in front and a single story in the rear and a double-sloped roof that is longer ...
saltcellar: receptacle for table salt, usually made of metal or glass. Salt was taken from it with small spoons. From the Middle Ages until at least the 16th century, salt was ...
Salten, Felix: Austrian novelist and journalist, author of the children's classic and adult allegory Bambi, a sensitively told subjective story of the life of a wild deer.
Saltillo: city, capital of Coahuila estado ("state"), northeastern Mexico. Lying at the northern edge of the great central plateau at an elevation of 5,246 feet (1,599 m), it has a cool, ...
salting: organizing tactic employed by labour unions. To start the process, a union targets a nonunionized company and encourages some of its members to seek employment there. Once these "salts" have ...
Salto: city, northwestern Uruguay. It is situated on the left bank of the Uruguay River across from Concordia, Arg. Now Uruguay's second largest city (after Montevideo), Salto is the terminus for ...
Salto del Guaira: town, eastern Paraguay. It is situated on the right bank of the Parana River at the Brazil-Paraguay border. Salto del Guaira is the site of one of the earliest colonial ...
Salton Sea: saline lake, in the lower Colorado Desert, southern California, U.S. The area that is now the lake was formerly a salt-covered sink or depression (a remnant of prehistoric Lake Cahuilla) ...
Saltoposuchus: genus of extinct advanced thecodonts, the reptilian group that gave rise to the dinosaurs, flying reptiles, and birds. Saltoposuchus, a Late Triassic biped (the Triassic Period lasted from 245 to ...
saltpetre: any of three naturally occurring nitrates, distinguished as (1) ordinary saltpetre, or potassium nitrate, KNO₃; (2) Chile saltpetre, cubic nitre, or sodium nitrate, NaNO₃; and (3) lime saltpetre, wall saltpetre, ...
Saltus, Edgar Evertson: one of the few U.S. novelists who adopted the sophisticated cynicism, art-for-art's-sake credo, and other mannerisms of the European school of Decadents. In his time his novels were popular for ...
Saltykov, Mikhail Yevgrafovich, Graf: novelist of radical sympathies and one of greatest of all Russian satirists.
Saluda: county, west-central South Carolina, U.S. The Saluda River and Lake Murray provide the northern boundary, and the western corner lies within Sumter National Forest. The county consists of a piedmont ...
Saluda River: river rising in the Blue Ridge Mountains, west-central South Carolina, U.S., in North and South forks, which join 10 miles (15 km) northwest of Greenville. The main stream flows southeastward ...
saluki: breed of hound whose ancestors may date to 7000 to 6000 BC. Sacred to the Egyptians, who called it the "royal dog of Egypt," the saluki was used to hunt ...
Salus: in Roman religion, the goddess of safety and welfare, later identified with the Greek Hygieia (q.v.). Her temple on the Quirinal at Rome, dedicated in 302 BC, was the scene ...
Salut, Iles du: island group of French Guiana, northeastern South America, in the Atlantic Ocean about 8 mi (13 km) northeast of Kourou, comprising three main islands: Royale, Saint-Joseph, and Diable, the site ...
Salutati, Coluccio: Humanist and Florentine chancellor.
Saluzzo: town and episcopal see, Cuneo province, Piemonte (Piedmont) region, northwestern Italy, at the foot of the Alps, southwest of Turin. The seat of the marquesses of Saluzzo from 1142 to ...
Salvador: city, major port and capital (since 1889) of Bahia state, northeastern Brazil. The country's third largest city, it is situated at the southern tip of a picturesque and bluff-formed peninsula ...
salvage: in maritime law, the rescue of a ship or its cargo on navigable waters from a peril that, except for the rescuer's assistance, would have led to the loss or ...
salvation: in religion, the deliverance of mankind from such fundamentally negative or disabling conditions as suffering, evil, finitude, and death. In some religious beliefs it also entails the restoration or raising ...
Salvation Army: international Christian religious and charitable movement organized and operated on a military pattern. The Army is established in more than 80 countries, preaching the gospel in about 112 languages in ...
Salvelinus: fish genus that includes the popular food and sport fishes known as char, brook trout, lake trout, and Dolly Varden trout (qq.v.).
Salvi, Niccolo: Italian sculptor whose late Roman Baroque masterpiece is the Trevi Fountain in Rome.
Salvia: the sage genus, containing about 700 species of herbaceous and woody plants of the mint family (Lamiaceae), order Lamiales. Some members are important as sources of flavouring.
Salviati, Antonio: Italian glass manufacturer who helped reestablish Murano as a centre of Italian glassworking and was instrumental in stimulating European interest in brightly coloured, ornate pieces of Italian glass.
Salviati, Francesco: painter and designer, one of the leading Mannerist fresco painters of the Florentine-Roman school.
Salviniales: plant order containing two families of tiny ferns that float on water (Salviniaceae and Azollaceae), each consisting of one genus. Salvinia (water spangle, or floating moss) has 10 species, and ...
Salween River: major stream of Southeast Asia and the longest in Myanmar (Burma). Rising in the T'ang-ku-la Mountains, a range of eastern Tibet, the river flows generally south for about 1,500 miles ...
Salyut: any of a series of Soviet space stations (of two designs), launched between 1971 and 1982, that served as living quarters and scientific laboratories or military reconnaissance platforms. The program ...
Salzburg: Bundesland ("federal state"), west-central Austria. It is bordered by Bavaria (Germany) on the west and north and is bounded by the Bundeslander Oberosterreich on the north and east, Steiermark on ...
Salzburg: city, capital of Salzburg Bundesland (federal state), north-central Austria. It is situated in a level basin on both sides of the Salzach River near the northern foothills of the Alps ...
Salzgitter: city, Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany. It lies in the foothills of the Harz Mountains, southwest of Braunschweig. The area covers the largest deposit of iron ...
Salzillo, Francisco: sculptor, a prolific creator of figures for the Holy Week procession. He is considered by some authorities to be the greatest sculptor in 18th-century Spain and by others as merely ...
Salzkammergut: region, comprising parts of the Bundeslander (federal states) of Oberosterreich, Steiermark, and Salzburg, north-central Austria. The region consists mainly of the Traun River basin and is renowned for its lake ...
Sam and Dave: American vocal duo who were among the most popular performers of soul music in the late 1960s and whose gritty, gospel-drenched style typified the .
Sam Houston State University: public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Huntsville, Texas, U.S. It is part of the Texas State University System. The university includes colleges of arts and sciences, business administration, criminal ...
Sam Saen Thai: great sovereign of the Lan Xang kingdom of Laos, whose reign brought peace, prosperity, and stability to the kingdom.
sama': (Arabic: "listening"), the Sufi (Muslim mystic) practice of listening to music and chanting to reinforce ecstasy and induce mystical trance. The Muslim orthodox regarded such practices as un-Islamic, and the ...
Samadet faience: tin-glazed earthenware made in the 18th century in Samadet, Landes, France, at a factory founded in 1732. It is delicately painted with such motifs as formal flowers and cupids, in ...
samadhi: ("total self-collectedness"), in Hindu and Buddhist religion and philosophy, the highest state of mental concentration that a person can achieve while still bound to the body and which unites him ...
Samal: Muslim cultural-linguistic group of the Philippines, numbering about 360,000 in the late 20th century. They live in the southern islands of the Sulu Archipelago, southwest of Mindanao, mainly in the ...
Samana: city, northeastern Dominican Republic, on the southern shore of the Samana Peninsula. The city was founded in 1756 by Spaniards from the Canary Islands. In 1825 there was a notable ...
Samana Bay: bay located in the northeastern Dominican Republic and lying along the Mona Passage joining the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. Bounded on the north by the Samana Peninsula, the ...
Samana Cay: islet, eastern Bahamas, 22 miles (35 km) northeast of Acklins Island. About 10 miles (16 km) long and up to 2 miles (3 km) wide and bound by reefs, the ...
Samanid Dynasty: (AD 819-999), first native dynasty to arise in Iran after the Muslim Arab conquest. It was renowned for the impulse that it gave to Iranian national sentiment and learning.
Samaniego, Felix Maria: poet whose books of fables for schoolchildren have a grace and simplicity that has won them a place as the first poems that Spanish children learn to recite in school.
Samar: island, east-central Philippines, the third largest (after Luzon and Mindanao), part of the Visayas group. It lies between the Samar and Philippine seas and is separated from the Bicol Peninsula ...
Samara: oblast (region), western Russia. It is located in the middle Volga River area where the river makes a great loop around the Zhiguli Hills. The hills, heavily ...
Samara: city and administrative centre, west-central Samara oblast (region), western Russia. It lies along the Volga River at the latter's confluence with the Samara River. Founded in 1586 ...
Samara River: river in Orenburg and Samara oblasti (provinces), western Russia, a left-bank tributary of the Volga. It rises in the southern Ural Mountains northwest of Pavlovka and flows 369 miles (594 ...
Samaran: any member of a large ethnolinguistic group of the Philippines, living on Samar, eastern Leyte, and Biliran. Numbering about 2,840,000 in the late 20th century, they speak a Visayan (Bisayan) ...
Samaranch, Juan Antonio, marques de Samaranch: Spanish businessman and public official who served from 1980 to 2001 as the seventh president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
Samaria: ancient town in central Palestine. It is located on a hill northwest of Nabulus in the West Bank territory under Israeli administration since 1967. Excavations (1908-10; 1931-33; 1935) revealed that ...
Samaria: the central region of ancient Palestine. Samaria extends for about 40 miles (65 km) from north to south and 35 miles (56 km) from east to west. It is bounded ...
Samarinda: kotamadya (municipality), capital of East Kalimantan provinsi ("province"), eastern Borneo, Indonesia. It is on the Mahakam River, about 30 miles (48 km) above the mouth of its broad delta opening ...
Samaritan: member of a community of Jews, now nearly extinct, that claims to be related by blood to those Jews of ancient Samaria who were not deported by the Assyrian conquerors ...
samarium: (Sm), chemical element, rare-earth metal of transition Group IIIb of the periodic table. Samarium is silvery white in colour and is relatively stable in air. It was isolated as an ...
Samarkand: city in east-central Uzbekistan that is one of the oldest cities of Central Asia. In the 4th century BC, then known as Maracanda, it was the capital of Sogdiana and ...
Samarkand rug: handwoven floor covering that was once marketed through the ancient city of Samarkand in Uzbekistan but is actually produced by Kyrgyz or Uzbek tribeswomen or in the towns of Khotan ...