| | - sinfonia
- in music, any of several instrumental forms, primarily of Italian origin. In the earlier Baroque period (mid-17th century), the term was used synonymously with canzona and sonata. For most of ... [4 Related Articles]
- sing-bya
- (from the article "Tibet") ...in the Tibetan sky. Among the many kinds to be seen are the jungle fowl, ptarmigan, spotted tinamou, mynah, hawk, and hoopoe. Other kinds include the gull, crane, sheldrake, cinnamon ...
- Singanhoe
- united national independence front formed by the Korean nationalists and the Korean communists that was organized in 1927 to seek more concerted efforts toward winning Korea's independence from Japan. The ...
- Singapore
- city-state located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, about 85 miles (137 kilometres) north of the Equator. It consists of the diamond-shaped Singapore Island and some 60 small ... [31 Related Articles]
- Singapore
- city, capital of the Republic of Singapore. It occupies the southern part of Singapore Island. Its strategic position on the strait between the Indian Ocean and South China Sea, complemented ... [1 Related Articles]
- Singapore Airlines
- (from the article "Business Overview") Many European and Asian airlines also faced challenges. Japan Airlines, for example, reported a group net loss of $93 million when the year began, and Singapore Airlines said that its ...
- Singapore Botanic Gardens
- botanical garden in Singapore that is one of the world's finest in terms of both its aesthetic appeal and the quality of its botanical collection. The garden has approximately 3,000 ...
- Singapore Island
- (from the article "Singapore") city-state located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, about 85 miles (137 kilometres) north of the Equator. It consists of the diamond-shaped Singapore Island and some 60 small ...
- Singapore Strait
- channel extending for 65 miles (105 km) between the Strait of Malacca (west) and the South China Sea (east). The strait is 10 miles (16 km) wide and lies between ... [1 Related Articles]
- Singapore, flag of
- horizontally divided red-white national flag with a white crescent and five stars in the upper hoist corner. The width-to-length ratio of the flag is 2 to 3.
- Singapore, history of
- (from the article "Singapore") Singapore Island originally was inhabited by fishermen and pirates, and it served as an outpost for the Sumatran empire of Srivijaya. In Javanese inscriptions and Chinese records dating to the ...
- Singaraja
- city, Bali propinsi (province), north-central Bali, Indonesia. It is located near the north coast and is linked by road with other cities on the island. Buleleng to the north is ... [1 Related Articles]
- singeing
- (from the article "textile") Also called gassing, singeing is a process applied to both yarns and fabrics to produce an even surface by burning off projecting fibres, yarn ends, and fuzz. This is accomplished ...
- Singel Canal
- (from the article "Amsterdam") ...to control flooding, and the city's name derives from the Amstel dam. By the 16th century Amsterdam had grown into a walled city centred on the present Dam, bounded approximately ...
- Singer Building
- (from the article "building construction") ...Temple (1892) of Daniel Burnham and John Root reached 22 stories (91 metres or 302 feet), but then the leadership shifted to New York City with the 26-story Manhattan Life ...
- Singer Company
- corporation that grew out of the sewing-machine business founded in the United States by Isaac M. Singer. [1 Related Articles]
- Singer, I.J.
- Polish-born writer of realistic historical novels in Yiddish. [2 Related Articles]
- Singer, Isaac Bashevis
- Polish-born American writer of novels, short stories, and essays in Yiddish. He was the recipient in 1978 of the Nobel Prize for Literature. His fiction, depicting Jewish life in Poland ... [3 Related Articles]
- Singer, Isaac Merrit
- American inventor who developed and brought into general use the first practical domestic sewing machine. [3 Related Articles]
- Singer, Isadore Manuel
- American mathematician awarded, together with the British mathematician Sir Michael Francis Atiyah, the 2004 Abel Prize by the Norwegian Academy of Sciences and Letters for "their discovery and proof of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Singer, Jerome
- (from the article "motivation") In 1962 the American psychologists Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer performed an experiment that suggested to them that elements of both the James-Lange and Cannon-Bard theories are factors in the ...
- Singer, Milton
- (from the article "urban culture") In "The Cultural Role of Cities," Robert Redfield and Milton Singer tried to improve on all previous conceptions of the city, including the one Redfield had himself used in his ...
- Singer, Peter
- Australian ethical and political philosopher, best known for his work in bioethics and his role as one of the intellectual founders of the modern animal rights movement. [2 Related Articles]
- Singer, Ronald
- (from the article "Hopefield") ...In the early 1950s a large collection of fossilized bones and Paleolithic artifacts was discovered in chalky concretions exposed between high dunes by the prevailing winds. Under the direction of ...
- Singer, Sir Hans Wolfgang
- German-born British economist (b. Nov. 29, 1910, Elberfeld, Ger.-d. Feb. 26, 2006, Brighton, East Sussex, Eng.), was a leading development economist noted for his groundbreaking work on poverty. Singer was ...
- singer-songwriters
- professional troubadours performing autobiographical songs who ascended in the early 1970s to the forefront of commercial pop in the wake of the communal fervour of 1960s rock. For the baby ...
- singerie
- (French: "monkey trick"), type of humorous picture of monkeys fashionably attired and aping human behaviour, painted by a number of French artists in the early 18th century. It originated with ... [1 Related Articles]
- Singh Sabha
- 19th-century movement within Sikhism that began as a defense against the proselytizing activities of Christians and Hindus. Its chief aims were the revival of the teachings of the Sikh Gurus ... [2 Related Articles]
- Singh, Atomba
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...not only from foreign influences but also from the main Indian trends. Its isolation was broken only in the 1920s, when Rabindranath Tagore visited the valley and invited a leading ...
- Singh, Chait
- (from the article "India") ...politics of London at that time. This strain probably accounts for the acts that formed important items in Hastings's subsequent impeachment-these were the dunning (demands for money) of Raja Chait ...
- Singh, Charan
- Indian politician who served briefly as prime minister (1979-80). [1 Related Articles]
- Singh, Ganesh Man
- Nepalese political activist who during some 50 years of struggle against Nepal's monarchy was a leader in the fight for democracy (b. November 1915--d. Sept. 18, 1997).
- Singh, Kushal Pal
- In 2007 real-estate baron Kushal Pal Singh became India's second richest person following the wildly successful initial public offering (IPO) by his flagship property development firm, DLF Ltd., on July ...
- Singh, Manmohan
- Indian economist and politician, who became prime minister of India in 2004. A Sikh, he was the first non-Hindu to occupy the office. [11 Related Articles]
- Singh, Raghubir
- Indian photographer noted for his evocative documentation of the landscape and peoples of India.
- Singh, Rana Pratap
- Hindu maharaja (1572-97) of the Rajput confederacy of Mewar, now in northwest India and eastern Pakistan. He successfully resisted efforts of the Mughal emperor Akbar to conquer his area and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Singh, Ranjit
- (from the article "Shah Shoja'") ...by his elder brother Shah Mahmud and went into exile in British India. He eventually fled to Lahore, where in 1813 he attempted to obtain the assistance of the Sikh ...
- Singh, V P
- politician and government official who was prime minister of India in 1989-90. [2 Related Articles]
- Singh, Vijay
- (from the article "Golf") In 2004 the dedication and hard work of Fijian golfer Vijay Singh was fully rewarded. In ending the five-year reign of American Eldrick ("Tiger") Woods as world number one, the ...
- Singh, Zail
- Indian politician who was the first Sikh to serve as president of India (1982-87). He was an impotent bystander in 1984 when government troops stormed the Golden Temple in Amritsar, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Singha Durbar
- (from the article "Kathmandu") ...it and the city is a tall watchtower built by Bhim Sen Thapa, a former prime minister. On the outskirts of Kathmandu are many palaces built by the Rana family, ...
- Singhana
- (from the article "Yadava Dynasty") ...of Kalyani, the dynasty became paramount in the Deccan under Bhillama (c. 1187-91), who founded Devagiri (later Daulatabad) as his capital. Under Bhillama's grandson Singhana (c. 1210-47) the dynasty reached ...
- Singhara nut
- (from the article "water chestnut") T. bispinosa, sometimes called Singhara nut, is native to India. The floating leaves, about 5 to 8 cm long, have hairy petioles 10 to 15 cm in length. The fruit ...
- Singhasari
- kingdom based in eastern Java that emerged in the first half of the 13th century after the decline of the kingdom of Kadiri. Singhasari's first king, Ken Angrok (or Ken ... [1 Related Articles]
- Singidunum
- (from the article "Belgrade") ...fortress on the Kalemegdan headland that was encompassed on three sides by the Sava and the Danube. The first fortress was built by the Celts in the 4th century BC ...
- singing
- the production of musical tones by means of the human voice. It is the oldest form of music making. In its physical aspect, singing has a well-defined technique that depends ... [20 Related Articles]
- singing arc
- (from the article "electronic instrument") ...and other electromechanical elements continued to be invented throughout the 19th century. One of the earliest instruments to generate musical tones by purely electric means was William Duddell's singing arc, ...
- single
- (from the article "baseball") ...touching the ground in fair territory or soon enough after touching ground to be thrown to first or any other base before the batter or any other runner gets there. ...
- single bond
- (from the article "covalent bond") A single line indicates a bond between two atoms (i.e., involving one electron pair), double lines (&doublehorzbond;) indicate a double bond between two atoms (i.e., involving two electron pairs), and ...
- Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
- (from the article "drug use") ...and wholesale trade in, and use of opium. Before the protocol became operative in 1963 the international control organs found a need for codifying and strengthening the existing treaties, and ...
- single crystal
- any solid object in which an orderly three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms, ions, or molecules is repeated throughout the entire volume. Certain minerals, such as quartz and the gemstones, often ... [1 Related Articles]
- single curved molding
- (from the article "molding") (1) The cavetto is a concave molding with a profile approximately a quarter-circle, quarter-ellipse, or similar curve. (2) A scotia molding is similar to the cavetto but has a deeper ...
- single cut
- (from the article "diamond cutting") The most popular style of cut is the brilliant cut, a round stone with 58 facets. A single cut is a simple form of cutting a round diamond with only ...
- Single Economic Space
- (from the article "Russia") ...excepted). He did so, however, not through the unwieldy mechanism of the CIS itself but through the pursuit of smaller bilateral or multilateral alliances within the CIS framework, such as ...
- Single European Act
- (from the article "European Community") ...of the EEC, the ECSC, and Euratom. Since then members have revamped the organization several times in order to expand its policy-making powers and to revise its political structure. Through ...
- single foot
- (from the article "horsemanship") ...rack, a four-beat gait, with each beat evenly spaced in perfect cadence and rapid succession. The legs on either side move together, the hindleg striking the ground slightly before the ...
- single nucleotide polymorphism
- (from the article "genetics") ...molecules is called a genomic library. Such libraries are the starting point for sequencing entire genomes such as the human genome. Today genomes can be scanned for small molecular variants ...
- single performance
- (from the article "theatrical production") Single or limited performance of a presentation, as part of institutional or communal life, has been fairly common throughout the history of the theatre. The Greek city-state (polis), the medieval ...
- single photon emission computed tomography
- imaging technique used in biomedical research and in diagnosis. SPECT is similar to positron emission tomography (PET), in which a compound labeled with a positron-emitting radionuclide is injected into the ...
- single reed
- (from the article "wind instrument") The single reed for the clarinet is made from a slip cut from the stem of Arundo donax. After being trimmed, the reed is flattened on the ...
- single tax
- originally a tax upon land values proposed as the sole source of government revenues, intended to replace all existing taxes. [2 Related Articles]
- single yarn
- (from the article "textile") Single, or one-ply, yarns are single strands composed of fibres held together by at least a small amount of twist; or of filaments grouped together either with or without twist; ...
- single-acting baking powder
- (from the article "leavening agent") ...by the release of carbon dioxide. Modern baking powders are combinations of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and dry acids or acid salts, usually with starch added for stability in storage. ...
- single-action accordion
- (from the article "accordion") Some accordions, including the earliest ones, are "single-action," in which the paired reeds sound adjacent notes of the diatonic (seven-note) scale, so that a button will give, for instance, G ...
- single-axle tractor
- (from the article "tractor") The single-axle (or walking) tractor is a small tractor carried on a pair of wheels fixed to a single-drive axle; the operator usually walks behind, gripping a pair of handles. ...
- single-copy DNA
- (from the article "heredity") ...and eukaryotes is that most eukaryotes contain repetitive DNA, with the repeats either clustered or spread out between the unique genes. There are several categories of repetitive DNA: (1) single ...
- single-electron transistor
- (from the article "nanotechnology") At nanoscale dimensions the energy required to add one additional electron to a "small island" (isolated physical region)-for example, through a tunneling barrier-becomes significant. This change in energy provides the ...
- single-elimination tournament
- (from the article "tournament") ...also came to be applied to certain methods of conducting sports competitions. In the most common modern tournament, the contestants are matched in pairs, with the losers in each test ...
- single-field condenser-objective lens
- (from the article "microscope") Efforts to improve the resolution of the electron microscope have tended toward production of a single-field condenser-objective lens of low aberrations. In such a lens, the upper part acts as ...
- single-frequency plane wave
- (from the article "sound") A discussion of sound waves and their propagation can begin with an examination of a plane wave of a single frequency passing through the air. A plane wave is a ...
- single-frequency signaling
- (from the article "telephone and telephone system") ...the same circuits that were used to connect two telephone instruments and serve as the voice path were also used to transmit the AC signals that set up the switches ...
- single-gene Mendelian inheritance
- (from the article "genetic disease, human") The term Mendelian is often used to denote patterns of genetic inheritance similar to those described for traits in the garden pea by Gregor Mendel in the 1860s. Disorders associated ...
- single-gene non-Mendelian inheritance
- (from the article "genetic disease, human") Although disorders resulting from single-gene defects that demonstrate Mendelian inheritance are perhaps better understood, it is now clear that a significant number of single-gene diseases also exhibit distinctly non-Mendelian patterns ...
- single-headed drum
- (from the article "Native American music") ...of membranophones. Native Americans make drums in many sizes from a wide variety of natural and manufactured materials. Three basic kinds of drums exist among indigenous groups in the Americas: ...
- single-impression printing
- (from the article "Attaignant, Pierre") prominent French music printer and publisher of the Renaissance who was one of the earliest to use single-impression printing. (Earlier printers printed the staff and the notes in separate impressions.)
- single-leaf pinon
- (from the article "pine") The single-leaf pinon (P. monophylla) occurs sporadically through northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. The Parry pinon (P. quadrifolia) is the four-needle pinon of southern California and northern Baja ...
- single-masted ship
- (from the article "ship") ...that characterized navigation by sail throughout its history-to gain speed it was necessary to increase the number of masts on the ship. Ships in both the Mediterranean and the north ...
- single-mode fibre
- (from the article "telecommunications media") ...Graded-index (GI) fibre reduces multimode dispersion by grading the refractive index of the core so that it smoothly tapers between the core centre and the cladding. Another type of fibre, ...
- single-move time limit
- (from the article "chess") ...encouraged to take as much as possible. But allowing a player to spend as much as 10 minutes per move would mean that it could take the two players two ...
- single-party system
- (from the article "political party") Party systems may be broken down into three broad categories: two-party, multiparty, and single-party. Such a classification is based not merely on the number of parties operating within a particular ...
- single-patient compassionate use
- (from the article "therapeutics") ...do not, then accelerated approval is possible. Physicians can receive permission to use an unapproved drug for a single patient. This consent, called emergency use and sometimes referred to as ...
- single-phase induction motor
- (from the article "electric motor") The development of a rotating field in an induction machine requires a set of currents displaced in phase (as shown in the figure) flowing in a set of stator windings ...
- single-phase synchronous motor
- (from the article "electric motor") A revolving field can be produced in synchronous motors from a single-phase source by use of the same method as for single-phase induction motors. With the main stator winding connected ...
- single-pitch roof
- (from the article "saltbox") As families grew both in size and in prosperity, it became traditional to move the kitchen out of the hall into a lean-to constructed at the back of the house. ...
- single-ply roof
- (from the article "building construction") ...of at least four layers of coal-tar pitch and felt, often weighted down with a gravel ballast. Such roofs are pitched at slopes of 1 : 100 to 1 : ...
- single-point cutting tool
- (from the article "machine tool") Metal-cutting tools are classified as single point or multiple point. A single-point cutting tool can be used for increasing the size of holes, or boring. Turning and boring are performed ...
- single-species hypothesis
- (from the article "Homo sapiens") ...above, the physical definition of Homo sapiens is bedeviled by a basic divergence of views among paleoanthropologists. One school of thought derives its philosophy from the "single-species hypothesis" popular in ...
- single-stage cluster sampling
- (from the article "statistics") ...partitioning the population into separate groups called clusters. Unlike in the case of stratified simple random sampling, it is desirable for the clusters to be composed of heterogeneous units. In ...
- single-stage separation
- (from the article "separation and purification") As shown earlier, ease of separation in equilibrium methods is based on the value of the separation factor, alpha. When this value is large, separation is easy, requiring little input ...
- single-system recording
- (from the article "motion-picture technology") Although it is possible to reproduce sound, either optically or magnetically, in the same camera that is photographing a scene (a procedure known as single-system recording), there is greater flexibility ...
- single-transferable-vote method
- (from the article "proportional representation") ...applying proportional representation were first developed in the mid-19th century in Denmark by Carl Andrae and in Britain by Thomas Hare and John Stuart Mill. Methods currently in use include ...
- single-walled carbon nanotube
- (from the article "fullerene") ...cylinders in a given tube ranged from 3 to 50, and the ends were generally capped by fullerene domes that included pentagonal rings (necessary for closure of the tubes). It ...
- single-wing formation
- (from the article "Warner, Pop") ...Jim Thorpe-All-American. But his chief contributions to football were the wingback formations he introduced at Carlisle and further developed at Pittsburgh and Stanford. In the single wing the ball was ...
- single-wire line
- (from the article "telecommunications media") ...is hard-drawn copper wire, which has the benefits of low electrical resistance, high tensile strength, and high resistance to corrosion. The basic types of wire media found in telecommunications are ...
- singles
- (from the article "tennis") Opponents spin a racket or toss a coin to decide on side and service. The winner may decide to serve or receive service first (in which case the opponent chooses ...
- singlestick
- a slender, round stick of wood about 34 inches (slightly less than 1 m) long, thicker at one end than at the other, and used for attack and defense with ...
- singlet
- (from the article "carbene") ...with unpaired electrons can exist in all three forms and are said to be in a triplet state. By contrast, substances with all electrons paired show no net magnetic moment ...
- singlet oxygen
- (from the article "genetic disease, human") ...photon and then transferring the energy inherent in that photon to molecular oxygen, thus converting the less-active ground-state molecular oxygen into a very reactive excited state, referred to as singlet ...
- Singleton
- town, east-central New South Wales, Australia, on the Hunter River. Founded in 1820, it was first known as St. Patrick's Plain and then renamed in 1822 after an early settler, ...
- singleton
- (from the article "logic, history of") ...If two sets have the same members, then they are identical.Axiom of elementary sets. There exists a set with no members, the null or empty set. For any two members ...
- Singleton, Henry Earl
- American engineer who was the cofounder of the semiconductor maker Teledyne Inc., guided it in its growth into a hundred-company conglomerate, and invested in other enterprises; he was one of ...
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