| | - Satraps, Revolt of the
- (from the article "Ariobarzanes") Persian satrap (provincial governor) of Phrygia after about 387. The son of a nobleman, he cultivated the friendship of Athens and Sparta and, about 366, led the unsuccessful revolt of ...
- Satsuma
- (from the article "Shimazu Family") ...Restoration, Shimazu warriors, together with warriors loyal to the Mori family in Choshu, overthrew the Tokugawa in 1867 and established the new Imperial government. Men from the Satsuma fief continued ...
- Satsuma pottery
- (from the article "pottery") ...exported cream-coloured earthenware with a closely crackled surface and lavish painting of poor quality, judging that it would appeal to Western taste. It became extremely popular under the name of ...
- Satsuma Rebellion
- (from the article "education") Following the repression of the Satsuma Rebellion, a samurai uprising in 1877, Japan again forged ahead toward political unity, but there was an increasing trend of antigovernment protest from below, ...
- Satta, Salvatore
- (from the article "Italian literature") ...century thrived on self-promotion, provocation, "discoveries," and "revelations." Publishers and their talent scouts were eager to add "new voices." The Sardinian Salvatore Satta, for example, was a professor of law ...
- Sattahip
- port, south-central Thailand. It lies on the northern Gulf of Thailand coast, at the head of a small bay protected by Phra Island. It was developed as a naval base ...
- Sattapanni
- (from the article "Rajgir Hills") ...former Gridhrakuta, or Vulture's Peak, which was one of his favourite resorts. One of the towers on Baibhar Hill (Vaibharagiri) has been identified as the Pippala stone house in which ...
- Sattar, Abdus
- (from the article "Bangladesh") The military high command in Dhaka did not lend support to the actions of the officers at Chittagong, and the conspirators were executed. Meanwhile, the civilian vice president, Abdus Sattar, ...
- sattva
- (from the article "Samkhya") ...three primal qualities of matter that are called gunas ("qualities"). They make up the prakriti but are further important principally as physiopsychological factors. The highest one is sattva, which is ...
- Satu Mare
- city, northwestern Romania. It lies on the northeastern fringe of the Great Hungarian Plain, on the right bank of the Somes River, 8 miles (13 km) from the Hungarian border ...
- Satum
- (from the article "Noruz") ...souls"); the Yasna, a rite that includes the offering and ritual drinking of the sacred liquor, haoma; the Fravartigan, or Farokhshi, prayers commemorating the dead; and the Satum, prayers recited ...
- Satun
- town, southern Thailand, on the Malay Peninsula. Satun remains a small community at the end of a branch road; its shallow coastal waters are unsuitable for port development. The area ...
- satura
- (from the article "Lucilius, Gaius") effectively the inventor of poetical satire who gave to the existing, formless Latin satura (meaning "a mixed dish") the distinctive character of critical comment that the word satire still implies.
- saturable control dimmer
- (from the article "stage design") ...dimmer survived for decades as the standard in commercial theatre throughout the world; its use was in general decline after the 1950s. By the end of the 20th century, it ...
- saturable-inductor compass
- (from the article "navigation") ...gyroscope. The directive element must be nonpendulous. The vertical pin supporting the compass needle can be pivoted at both ends, or an inductor element can be employed. In one such ...
- saturated acid
- (from the article "Common fatty acids in foods") Formic acid, HCOOH, is found not only in ants but also in the droplets on the tiny hairs of the stinging nettle plant (in the family Urticaceae), and the acidity ...
- saturated compound
- (from the article "hydrocarbon") Alkanes are described as saturated hydrocarbons, while alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons are said to be unsaturated.iodine valuesaturated acid
- saturated rock
- (from the article "felsic and mafic rocks") ...of several parameters, and it cannot be assumed that rocks with the same silica content will have the same mineralogy. Silica saturation is a classification of minerals and rocks as ...
- saturation
- any of several physical or chemical conditions defined by the existence of an equilibrium between pairs of opposing forces or of an exact balance of the rates of opposing processes. ... [5 Related Articles]
- saturation
- (from the article "television") ...any coloured light by three quantities: (1) its luminance (brightness or "brilliance"); (2) its hue (the redness, orangeness, blueness, or greenness, etc., of the light); and (3) its saturation (vivid ...
- saturation bombing
- (from the article "Harris, Sir Arthur Travers, 1st Baronet") ...named air vice-marshal in 1939, and rose to air marshal in 1941 and to commander in chief of the RAF Bomber Command in February 1942. A firm believer in mass ...
- saturation control
- (from the article "television") ...the reproduced image; and (8) a saturation (or "colour") control, which adjusts the magnitudes of the colour-difference signals applied to the electron guns of the picture tube. If the saturation ...
- saturation deficit
- (from the article "climate") Another index of humidity, the saturation deficit, can also be understood by considering air with a vapour pressure of 17 mb. At 25 °C the air has (31 − 17), ...
- saturation spectroscopy
- (from the article "spectroscopy") ...intensity of lasers allows the measurement of Doppler-free spectra. One method for making such measurements, invented by Theodore Hansch of Germany and Christian Borde of France, is known as saturation ...
- saturation vapour pressure
- (from the article "hydrosphere") ...surface of 15° C, the partial pressure of water vapour at equilibrium with pure water is 0.017 atmosphere. The addition of salts to pure water lowers its vapour pressure. The ...
- Saturday
- (from the article "Saturday") seventh day of the week (q.v.).derivation of nameweek...the seven-day week in the Roman calenda
- Saturday Night Massacre
- (from the article "United States") ...branches of government. Nixon attempted to stop the investigation by firing Cox, leading Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William D. Ruckelshaus to resign. This "Saturday night massacre" ...
- Saturn
- in Roman religion, the god of sowing or seed. The Romans equated him with the Greek agricultural deity Cronus. The remains of Saturn's temple at Rome, eight columns of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Saturn
- (from the article "materials science") ...expensive and in full production were Honda's Acura NSX, containing more than 400 kilograms (900 pounds) of aluminum compared with about 70 kilograms for the average automobile, and General Motors' ...
- Saturn
- in space exploration, any of a series of large two- and three-stage vehicles for launching spacecraft, developed by the United States beginning in 1958 in connection with the manned Apollo ... [4 Related Articles]
- Saturn
- second largest planet of the solar system in mass and size and the sixth in distance from the Sun. In the night sky Saturn is easily visible to the unaided ... [24 Related Articles]
- Saturnalia
- (from the article "church year") Christmas is the most popular of all festivals among Christians and many non-Christians alike, and its observance combines many strands of tradition. From the ancient Roman pagan festivals of Saturnalia ...
- Saturnian verse
- the ancient Latin verse used mainly by Livius Andronicus and Gnaeus Naevius before the adoption of Greek verse forms by later Latin writers. Little is known about its origins or ...
- saturniid moth
- any of about 1,500 species of moths (order Lepidoptera), some of which spin thick, silken cocoons and are sometimes used to produce commercial silk. Adults have stout, hairy bodies and ... [2 Related Articles]
- Saturninus
- (from the article "Titus Andronicus") Titus Andronicus returns to Rome after having defeated the Goths, bringing with him Queen Tamora, whose eldest son he sacrifices to the gods. The late emperor's son Saturninus is supposed ...
- Saturninus of Antioch
- (from the article "patristic literature") Among the leading 2nd-century Christian Gnostics were Saturninus and Basilides, reputedly pupils of Menander, a disciple of Simon Magus (late 1st century), the alleged founder of the movement; they worked ...
- Saturninus, Antonius
- (from the article "Domitian") The execution of his cousin Flavius Sabinus in 84 was an isolated event, but there are hints of more general trouble about 87. The crisis came with the revolt of ...
- Saturninus, Lucius Appuleius
- Roman politician who, with Gaius Servilius Glaucia, opposed the Roman Senate from 103 to 100, at first with the cooperation of the prominent general Gaius Marius. [2 Related Articles]
- satya
- (from the article "India") ...he exerted over India's masses, who viewed him as a sadhu (holy man) and worshipped him as a mahatma (which, in Sanskrit, means "great soul"). He chose
- Satyabhama
- (from the article "kuchipudi") ...the other five classical styles by the inclusion of singing. Kuchipudi originated in the 17th century with the creation by Sidhyendra Yogi of the dance-drama Bhama Kalapam, a story of ...
- satyagraha
- concept introduced in the early 20th century by Mahatma Gandhi to designate a determined but nonviolent resistance to evil. Gandhi's satyagraha became a major tool in the ... [10 Related Articles]
- Satyanand, Anand
- (from the article "New Zealand") Area: 270,692 sq km (104,515 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 4,184,000 | Capital: Wellington | Chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Anand Satyanand | Head of ...
- Satyasiddhi
- (from the article "pantheism") ...combination of dialectical negation and direct intuition. Beginning with the Middle Doctrine School, the doctrine of the Void spread to all schools of Mahayana Buddhism as well as to the ...
- Satyasiddhi-sastra
- (Sanskrit: True Attainment Treatise), treatise in 202 chapters on the doctrine of the void (sunya). The work stands as a philosophical bridge between Hinayana, or Theravada, Buddhism, the form predominant ... [1 Related Articles]
- Satyavati
- (from the article "Vyasa") According to legend, Vyasa was the son of the ascetic Parashara and the dasyu (aboriginal) princess Satyavati and grew up in forests, living with hermits who taught ...
- Satyr and Silenus
- in Greek mythology, creatures of the wild, part man and part beast, who in Classical times were closely associated with the god Dionysus. Their Italian counterparts were the Fauns (see ... [1 Related Articles]
- satyr butterfly
- any of a group of delicate butterflies in the family Nymphalidae (order Lepidoptera) that are abundant during summer months in the woods and grasslands of the United States and Europe. ... [1 Related Articles]
- satyr play
- genre of ancient Greek drama that preserves the structure and characters of tragedy while adopting a happy atmosphere and a rural background. [3 Related Articles]
- Saubel, Katherine Siva
- Native American scholar and educator committed to preserving her Cahuilla culture and language and to promoting their fuller understanding by the larger public.
- sauce
- liquid or semiliquid mixture that is added to a food as it cooks or that is served with it. Sauces provide flavour, moisture, and a contrast in texture and colour. ... [1 Related Articles]
- sauce aioli
- (from the article "mayonnaise") ...bland sauce serves as the base of dozens of variations such as mayonnaise verte (with pureed green herbs), sauce remoulade (with anchovies, pickles, and capers), sauce aioli (a Provencal mayonnaise ...
- sauce remoulade
- (from the article "mayonnaise") This rich, somewhat bland sauce serves as the base of dozens of variations such as mayonnaise verte (with pureed green herbs), sauce remoulade (with anchovies, pickles, and capers), sauce aioli ...
- sauceboat
- metal or pottery bowl with a lip and handle, used for holding and serving sauces. The earliest type of silver sauceboat, introduced during the second decade of the 18th century, ... [1 Related Articles]
- saucer lamp
- (from the article "lamp") ...area; later these were replaced by pottery, alabaster, or metal lamps shaped to resemble their natural prototypes. Another basic type of primitive lamp, found in ancient Egypt and China, was ...
- saucer magnolia
- (from the article "Magnoliales") Many of the cultivated magnolias are hybrids. Probably the most widely cultivated of these is Magnolia × soulangeana (saucer magnolia), a spreading deciduous shrub with leaves that measure up to ...
- Saucesian Stage
- lowermost and oldest major division of Early Miocene rocks and time (23.7 to 16.6 million years ago) on the Pacific coast of North America. The Saucesian Stage, which preceded the ...
- Sauckel, Fritz
- Nazi politician who was Adolf Hitler's chief recruiter of slave labour during World War II. [2 Related Articles]
- sauconite
- (from the article "clay mineral") ...in the smectite minerals of this series. Besides magnesium and ferrous iron, zinc, cobalt, and manganese are known to be dominant cations in the octahedral sheet. Zinc dominant species are ...
- Saucourt
- (from the article "Louis III") ...turned to conquest, were the greatest menace faced by Louis III; Amiens, Arras, Cambrai, and the famous monasteries of Saint-Bertin and Corbie were all sacked in 880-881. Louis's victory at ...
- saudade
- (Portuguese: "yearning"), overtone of melancholy and brooding loneliness and an almost mystical reverence for nature that permeates Portuguese and Brazilian lyric poetry. Saudade was a characteristic of the earliest Portuguese ... [5 Related Articles]
- Saudi Arabia
- arid, sparsely populated kingdom of the Middle East. [47 Related Articles]
- Saudi Arabia, flag of
- national flag consisting of a green field (background) bearing, in white, an Arabic inscription and a sabre. The flag has a width-to-length ratio of 2 to 3.
- Saudi Arabia, history of
- (from the article "Saudi Arabia") This discussion focuses on Saudi Arabia since the 18th century. For a treatment of earlier periods and of the country in its regional context, see Arabia.
Bahrain
- Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency
- (from the article "Saudi Arabia") The Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) was established in 1952 as the kingdom's central money and banking authority. It regulates commercial and development banks and other financial institutions. Its functions ...
- Saudi Basic Industries Corporation
- (from the article "Saudi Arabia") The manufacturing sector has expanded widely since 1976, when the government established the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (Sabic) in order to diversify the economy. Its initial goal was to expand ...
- Sauer, Carl O
- American geographer who was an authority on desert studies, tropical areas, the human geography of American Indians, and agriculture and native crops of the New World. [2 Related Articles]
- Sauer, Emil von
- German pianist in the style of Liszt, teacher, and composer noted especially for his long and successful concert career.
- sauerbraten
- in German cuisine, dish of spiced braised beef. A solid cut from the round or rump is marinated for three or four days in red wine and vinegar flavoured with ...
- Sauerbruch, Ernst Ferdinand
- (from the article "medicine, history of") ...the pleural cavity was opened. Since the end of the 19th century, many and ingenious methods had been devised to prevent this from happening. The best known was the negative ...
- sauerkraut
- fermented white cabbage, a vegetable preparation important in the cooking of central Europe. Sauerkraut is prepared by finely shredding white cabbage and layering the vegetable with salt in a large ... [1 Related Articles]
- Sauerland
- region, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), northwestern Germany. It is bounded on the north by the Ruhr River and its tributary, the Mohne, and on the south by the Sieg River ... [1 Related Articles]
- Sauganash
- Potawatomi Indian chief whose friendship with the white settlers in Chicago was important in the development of that city.
- sauger
- (from the article "sauger") North American game and food fish related to the pikeperch (q.v.).
pikeperchpike perchThe North American pike perches in
- Sauguet, Henri
- French composer of orchestral, choral, and chamber music notable for its simple charm and melodic grace.
- Saugus
- town (township), Essex county, northeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies on the Saugus and Pines rivers, just north of Boston. It was settled in 1629, and its name is derived from ...
- Saugus-Castaic Tunnel
- (from the article "tunnels and underground excavations") ...digger arm excavating ahead of a shield, whose protection can be extended forward by hydraulically operated poling plates, acting as retractable spiles. In 1967-70 in the 26-foot-diameter Saugus-Castaic Tunnel near ...
- Sauk
- an Algonquian-speaking North American Indian tribe closely related to the Fox and the Kickapoo. They lived in the region of what is now Green Bay, Wis., when first encountered by ... [6 Related Articles]
- Sauk Centre
- city, Stearns county, central Minnesota, U.S. It lies on the Sauk River at the southern tip of Sauk Lake, about 45 miles (70 km) northwest of St. Cloud. Settled in ...
- Sauk Sequence
- (from the article "epeirogeny") ...can be recognized. Strata deposited in the intervals between such cycles in North America have been called sequences and have been given formal names. The most widely recognized of these ...
- Sauk Trail
- (from the article "Valparaiso") ...east-southeast of Gary. Laid out in 1836 as the county seat, it was first called Portersville but was renamed the following year for Valparaiso, Chile. It was originally a point ...
- Saul
- first king of Israel (c. 1021-1000 BC). According to the biblical account found mainly in I Samuel, Saul was chosen king both by the judge Samuel and by public acclamation. ... [11 Related Articles]
- Saul-Paul model
- (from the article "Rembrandt van Rijn") ...As art historian Jan Emmens argued in his book Rembrandt and the Rules of Art, the formation of this myth owes much to a standard biographical model that might be ...
- Saule
- in Baltic religion and mythology, the sun goddess, who determines the well-being and regeneration of all life on earth. [5 Related Articles]
- Saules meitas
- (from the article "Dievs") ...Heavenly Twins and the morning and evening stars. Like their Greek (Dioscuri) and Vedic (Asvins, or Nasatyas) counterparts, Dieva deli are skilled horsemen. They associate with Saules meita, the daughter ...
- Saulnier, Raymond
- (from the article "military aircraft") The solution to the problem emerged in the spring of 1915 in the form of an interrupter gear, or gun-synchronizing device, designed by the French engineer Raymond Saulnier. This regulated ...
- Sault Sainte Marie
- city, seat of Algoma district, south-central Ontario, Canada, on the north bank of St. Marys River, between Lakes Superior and Huron, opposite Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., U.S. The site was ... [1 Related Articles]
- Sault Sainte Marie
- city, seat (1826) of Chippewa county, at the northeastern end of the Upper Peninsula, northern Michigan, U.S. It is situated at the rapids of the St. Marys River. The rapids, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Sault Sainte Marie Canals
- (from the article "Saint Marys River") ...At Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., the river drops more than 20 feet (6 m) in 1 mile (1.6 km) through the Sault Ste. Marie Rapids. Since navigation there is impossible, ...
- Saulteaux
- (from the article "Ojibwa") ...and North Dakota, U.S., from Lake Huron westward onto the Plains. Their name for themselves means "original people." In Canada those Ojibwa who lived west of Lake Winnipeg are called ...
- Saumarez, James Saumarez, 1st Baron of
- British admiral who fought with consistent success in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars and scored perhaps his greatest victory on July 12, 1801, when he routed a superior Franco-Spanish ...
- Saumur
- town, Maine-et-Loire departement, Pays de la Loire region, western France, on the Loire River. It is known for its cavalry school and for its wines.
- Saumur Cavalry School
- (from the article "Saumur") ...fortress with four round towers, was strengthened with ramparts in the 16th century. It now houses a museum devoted to horses and riding. Saumur also has a museum of decorative ...
- Saumur, Treaty of
- (from the article "Richemont, Arthur, constable de") ...France by Charles VII in March 1425, he attempted to assume control of France's battered and unreliable military forces. He now totally supported the French cause, persuading his brother to ...
- sauna
- bath in steam from water thrown on heated stones, popular in gymnasiums and health clubs, with some units available for home use. The sauna may derive from baths described by ... [1 Related Articles]
- Saunders, Dame Cicely Mary Strode
- British physician and humanitarian (b. June 22, 1918, Barnet, Hertfordshire, Eng.-d. July 14, 2005, London, Eng.), founded St. Christopher's Hospice in London in 1967 and was responsible for establishing the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Saunders, Jennifer
- In the summer of 1995, the season premiere of "Absolutely Fabulous," a seemingly unlikely television series, brought the U.S. cable channel Comedy Central its largest audience ever; its first episodes ...
- Saunders, John Monk
- (from the article "1930/31: Other Winners") Original Story: John Monk Saunders for The Dawn PatrolAdaptation: Howard Estabrook for CimarronCinematography: Floyd Crosby for TabuArt Direction: Max Ree for Cimarron
- Saunders, Jonathan
- (from the article "Fashions") ...produced in Paris and Milan, emerged as world-class. Cutting-edge and commercially viable collections were produced in 2007 by a new generation of British-trained designers, including 29-year-old Jonathan Saunders, who reported ...
- Saunders, Justine Florence
- Australian Aboriginal actress rejected being typecast in stereotypical Aboriginal roles and instead played a wide range of strong women over a 30-year career (1974-2004). Her best-known characters were in ...
- Saunderstown
- (from the article "North Kingstown") ...it was called Rochester. In 1722-23 it was divided into North Kingstown and South Kingstown. North Kingstown includes the villages of Allenton, Davisville, Hamilton, Lafayette, Quonset Point, Saunderstown, Slocum, and ...
- saung gauk
- (from the article "arched harp") ...in Africa, where it is still played (e.g., the ennanga of Uganda; see photograph), and eastward across India to Southeast Asia, where it survives as the Burmese harp, saung gauk. ...
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