| | - Sargodha
- city, Punjab province, Pakistan. The city is a grain and cash crop market connected by road with Lahore and Mianwali and by rail with Faisalabad (formerly Lyallpur) and Lahore. Industries ...
- Sargon
- ancient Mesopotamian ruler (reigned c. 2334-2279 BC), one of the earliest of the world's great empire builders, conquering all of southern Mesopotamia as well as parts of Syria, Anatolia, and ... [14 Related Articles]
- Sargon I
- ruler of Assyria during the old Akkadian period. Little is known in detail of Assyria during the time of Sargon, but clearly the Assyrian trading colony in Cappadocia, known from ...
- Sargon II
- one of Assyria's great kings (reigned 721-705 BC) during the last century of its history. He extended and consolidated the conquests of his presumed father, Tiglath-pileser III. [18 Related Articles]
- Sargon II, palace of
- (from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") ...resided in Kalakh, but he then decided to found an entirely new capital north of Nineveh. He called the city Dur-Sharrukin-"Sargonsburg" (modern Khorsabad, Iraq). He erected his palace on a ...
- sargramostim
- (from the article "therapeutics") ...of the effects of anticancer drugs. G-CSF also mobilizes progenitor, or stem, cells into the peripheral blood circulation. These cells can be harvested and used for bone marrow rescue. Another ...
- Sargur schist belt
- (from the article "Asia") ...of Kolar type with only subordinate sedimentary rocks represent the old greenstone belts that have either intrusive or tectonic contacts with Peninsular gneiss of similar age. The so-called Sargur schist ...
- Sarh
- city, southern Chad, central Africa, on the Chari River. It is named for the dominant ethnic group, the Sara, and is the country's fourth largest city. Its warm and seasonally ...
- Sari
- city and capital, Mazandaran ostan (province), northern Iran. Founded during the Sasanid period (AD 224-651), it became the capital of Tabarestan (7th-9th century) after the Arab conquest of the region. ...
- sari
- principal outer garment of women of the Indian subcontinent, consisting of a piece of often brightly coloured, frequently embroidered, silk, cotton, or, in recent years, synthetic cloth five to seven ... [3 Related Articles]
- Sari, Candi
- (from the article "Southeast Asian arts") Perhaps the most interesting of the post-Borobudur Buddhist shrines of the 9th century is Candi Sari. It is an outstanding architectural invention. From the outside it appears as a large, ...
- Sarikamis, Battle of
- (from the article "Enver Pasa") These plans resulted in the disastrous defeat in December 1914 at Sarikamis, where he lost most of the 3rd Army. He recovered his prestige, however, when the Allied forces withdrew ...
- sarin
- (from the article "chemical weapon") ...an extremely high toxicity; this became the nerve agent known as tabun (GA). As much as 12,000 tons was produced for the German army in World War II, although it ...
- sarinda
- folk fiddle of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India. The deep wood shell has a skin belly up to its narrow waist but is open thereafter on both sides of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- sarira
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...such as roof tiles decorated with floral and animal designs, was of high quality. The bronzesmiths of Unified Silla did excellent work, as exemplified in numerous huge temple bells, sarira ...
- Sariska Wild Life Sanctuary
- wildlife preserve in Alwar district, Rajasthan state, northwestern India, established in 1955 with an area of 190 sq mi (492 sq km) in Sariska Forest. Acacia forests cover the arid ...
- sarissa
- (from the article "spear") ...used by Sumerian armies as early as 3,000 BC. Two thousand years later the Greeks refined the concept, using pikes 6 to 9 feet (2 to 3 m) long. Around ...
- Sarit Thanarat
- field marshal and premier in a military government of Thailand from 1958 to 1963. [3 Related Articles]
- Sariwon
- city and provincial capital, Hwanghae-pukto (North Hwanghae Province), southwestern North Korea. Situated on the middle channel of the Chaeryong-gang (river), it is the market centre for agricultural products of the ...
- Sark
- one of the Channel Islands (q.v.), in the English Channel. Sark lies 7 miles (11 km) east of Guernsey and about 25 miles (40 km) west of the Cherbourg Peninsula ... [1 Related Articles]
- Sarkar, Sir Jadunath
- foremost Indian historian of the Mughal dynasty (1526-1857).
- sarki
- (from the article "Turkish literature") During the 17th century the popular urban song (sarki) was taken up by court poets and musicians, and it became fashionable for courtiers to entertain themselves by ...
- Sarkis, Elias
- (from the article "Lebanon") In the midst of this violence, Elias Sarkis was elected president in May 1976. With the Christians on the defensive against the forces affiliated with the LNM, there appeared to ...
- Sarkisyan, Serzh
- (from the article "Armenia") ...(2007 est.): 3,002,000 (plus 138,000 in Nagorno-Karabakh) | Capital: Yerevan | Chief of state: President Robert Kocharyan | Head of government: Prime Ministers Andranik Markaryan and, from April 4, Serzh ...
- Sarkisyan, Vazgen
- Armenian nationalist who, having devoted much of his life to the Armenian fight with Azerbaijan for control of the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave, helped found the Karabakh Committee, commanded ground troops (1990-92), ...
- Sarkoz
- (from the article "Tolna") Main tourist attractions include the Gemenc Forest (part of Duna-Drava National Park), the game reserve at Gyulaj (famous for its fallow deer), the Sarkoz region (known for its peasant costumes ...
- Sarkozy, Nicolas
- French politician, who became president of France in 2007. [11 Related Articles]
- Sarlos, Andrew
- Hungarian-born Canadian investor and philanthropist who both made and lost fortunes and came to be known as the "Buddha of Bay Street" because of his expertise and daring in deal ...
- Sarmad
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...a deep impression on European idealistic philosophy in the 19th century. A group of interesting poets gathered about him, none of them acceptable to orthodoxy. They included the convert Persian ...
- Sarmatian
- member of a people originally of Iranian stock who migrated from Central Asia to the Ural Mountains between the 6th and 4th century BC and eventually settled in most of ... [8 Related Articles]
- Sarmatian Stage
- major division of Miocene rocks and time (23.7 to 5.3 million years ago). The Sarmatian Stage, which occurs between the Pontian and Tortonian stages, was named for Sarmatia, the ancient ...
- Sarmatism
- (from the article "Poland") The prevalent mentality in the Commonwealth in the 17th century manifested itself in Sarmatism. The name came from alleged ancestors of the szlachta (Sarmatians), and the concept ...
- Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro
- (from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") Mayta Capac is described in the chronicles as a large, aggressive youth who began fighting with boys from a neighbouring group when he was very young. Pedro de Cieza de ...
- Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino
- educator, statesman, and writer who rose from a position as a rural schoolmaster to become president of Argentina (1868-74). As president, he laid the foundation for later national progress by ... [7 Related Articles]
- Sarmiento, Pedro
- (from the article "converso") In 1499 a staunch and somewhat fanatical Roman Catholic, Pedro Sarmiento, wrote the anti-Semitic Sentencia-Estatuto, which prohibited conversos from holding public or ecclesiastical offices and from testifying against Spanish Christians ...
- Sarmizegethusa
- (from the article "Trajan") ...the invasion of Dacia that Domitian had been forced to abandon by Decebalus, the country's redoubtable king. In two campaigns (101-102 and 105-106), Trajan captured the Dacian capital of Sarmizegethusa ...
- Sarnath
- archaeological site north of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh state, northern India, where, according to tradition, the Buddha first began teaching his followers; the site contains a stupa (shrine) and the famous ... [4 Related Articles]
- Sarnen
- capital of Obwalden Halbkanton (demicanton), central Switzerland, at the efflux of the Sarner River from the northern end of Lake Sarnen, southwest of Lucerne. In its town ...
- Sarney, Jose
- (from the article "Liberal Front Party") ...civilian democratic elections since 1964. The new party subsequently joined the Democratic Alliance (Alianca Democratica; AD) in support of the candidacy of Tancredo de Almeida Neves. Jose Sarney, a cofounder ...
- Sarngadeva
- (from the article "South Asian arts") The mammoth 13th-century text Sangitaratnakara ("Ocean of Music and Dance"), composed by the theorist Sarngadeva, is often said to be one of the most important landmarks in Indian music history. ...
- Sarnia-Clearwater
- city, seat of Lambton county, southeastern Ontario, east-central Canada, on the St. Clair River, at the southern end of Lake Huron, 55 miles (90 km) west of London. First visited ...
- Sarno
- town, Campania regione, southern Italy, at the foot of Saretto hill near the sources of the Sarno (ancient Sarnus) River, just northwest of Salerno. Near Sarno in AD 553, Teias, ...
- Sarnoff, David
- American pioneer in the development of both radio and television broadcasting. [3 Related Articles]
- saro
- (from the article "saro") rare South American species of otter (q.v.).giant otterGiant otter, or saro (Pteronura brasiliensis).Renaud d'Avout d'Auer
- Saro-Wiwa, Kenule Beeson
- ("KEN"), Nigerian author and environmentalist (b. Oct. 10, 1941, Bori, near Port Harcourt, Nigeria--d. Nov. 10, 1995, Port Harcourt), used his popular standing as a journalist, playwright, novelist, and poet ... [1 Related Articles]
- sarod
- stringed musical instrument of the lute family that is common to the art-music traditions of northern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The modern classical sarod is about 100 cm (39 inches) ... [2 Related Articles]
- saron
- (from the article "percussion instrument") ...the fangxiang, with its 16 bars, is a metal imitation of the lithophone. Among important components of the gamelan are the saron, a trough ...
- sarong
- principal silk, cotton, or synthetic-fabric garment worn in the Malay Archipelago and the Pacific islands. Brightly coloured fabric 4 or 5 yards (up to 4 12 m) long is wrapped ...
- Saronic Gulf
- gulf of the Aegean Sea between Akra (cape) Sounion of the Attica peninsula and Akra Skillaion of the Argolis peninsula of the Greek Peloponnese. A maximum of 50 mi (80 ...
- Saronic Islands
- (from the article "Aegean Sea") ...Naxos, Thera, and Andros (Euboea, although technically an island, is considered a part of the Greek mainland and is connected to Boeotia by a bridge at Chalcis); (5) the Saronic ...
- saros
- in astronomy, interval of 18 years 1113 days (1013 days when five leap years are included) after which the Earth, Sun, and Moon return to nearly the same relative positions ... [2 Related Articles]
- Sarotherodon
- (from the article "Tilapia") All tilapias were formerly part of the genus Tilapia; however, the group is now divided into mouth-brooding genera (Sarotherodon and Oreochromis) and those that deposit eggs on the bottoms of ...
- Saroyan, William
- U.S. writer who made his initial impact during the Depression with a deluge of brash, original, and irreverent stories celebrating the joy of living in spite of poverty, hunger, and ... [2 Related Articles]
- Sarpaneva, Timo
- (from the article "glassware") ...Shortly after World War I the influential designer Gunnel Nyman was producing glasses freely blown in thick masses to form asymmetrical shapes. Other important designers were Tapio Wirkkala and Timo ...
- Sarpedon
- in Greek legend, son of Zeus, the king of the gods, and Laodameia, the daughter of Bellerophon; he was a Lycian prince and a hero in the Trojan War. As ...
- Sarpi, Paolo
- Italian patriot, scholar, and state theologian during Venice's struggle with Pope Paul V. Between 1610 and 1618 he wrote his History of the Council of Trent, an important work decrying ... [4 Related Articles]
- Sarrabrucca
- (from the article "Saarbrucken") ...opposite Forbach, France, it lies on the Saar River at the mouth of the Sulz River. There were Celtic and Roman settlements in the vicinity, but the name is derived ...
- Sarracenia
- (from the article "carnivorous plant") The species of New World pitcher plants are placed in the family Sarraceniaceae. Eight of the 15 species belong to the widely known and much studied genus Sarracenia, of eastern ...
- Sarraceniaceae
- family of pitcher plants that belong to the order Ericales and are native to North and South America. These low-growing perennial herbs are notable for their pitcherlike leaves, which are ... [2 Related Articles]
- Sarrail, Maurice
- (from the article "Druze revolt") ...of Jabal ad-Duruz, introduced modern administrative and social reforms that antagonized the population. The high-handed treatment accorded Druze complaints by the high commissioner, General Maurice Sarrail, and his arrest and ...
- Sarraj
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...expressed their wisdom in rather cryptic language (thereby contributing to the profundity of Arabic vocabulary), and the handbooks of religious teaching produced in eastern Arab and Persian areas (Sarraj, Kalabadhi, ...
- Sarrasani
- (from the article "circus") ...customs duties, quarantine restrictions, and currency regulations. For large companies with much equipment, the difficulties were particularly acute, as in the case of one German circus, the Sarrasani, which toured ...
- Sarraut, Albert
- French Radical Socialist statesman most noted for his colonial policy and liberal rule as governor-general of Indochina. [2 Related Articles]
- Sarraute, Nathalie
- French novelist and essayist, one of the earliest practitioners and a leading theorist of the nouveau roman, the French post-World War II "new novel," or "antinovel," a phrase applied by ... [3 Related Articles]
- Sarris, Andrew
- (from the article "auteur theory") ...filmmaking in which the director is viewed as the major creative force in a motion picture. Arising in France in the late 1940s, the auteur theory-as it was dubbed by ...
- SARS
- highly contagious respiratory illness characterized by a persistent fever, headache, and bodily discomfort, followed by a dry cough that may progress to great difficulty in breathing. SARS appeared in November ... [7 Related Articles]
- Sarsa Dengel
- (from the article "Ethiopia") ...expeditions into the recently depopulated Ethiopian Plateau, stopping only when blocked by physical obstacles or by military might. By 1600 the Oromo had spread so widely in Ethiopia that Emperor ...
- sarsaparilla
- aromatic flavouring agent made from the roots of several tropical vines belonging to the Smilax genus of the lily family (Liliaceae). Once a popular tonic, sarsaparilla is now used to ...
- sarsapogenin
- (from the article "sarsaparilla") Several sterols and a crystalline glycoside, sarsaponin, which yields sarsapogenin on hydrolysis, have been isolated from the root. Sarsapogenin is related to steroids such as progesterone and is used in ...
- sarsen
- (from the article "Stonehenge") ...it, all interrupted by an entrance gap on the northeast, leading to a straight path called the Avenue. At the centre of the circle is a stone setting consisting of ...
- Sarsenbayuly, Altynbek
- (from the article "Kazakhstan") Kazakhstan's political life was overshadowed through much of 2006 by the murders of the prominent opposition politician and leader of the Ak Zhol (Bright Path) Party Altynbek Sarsenbayuly, his driver, ...
- Sarsfield, Patrick
- Jacobite soldier who played a leading role in the Irish Roman Catholic resistance (1689-91) to England's King William III. Sarsfield remains a favourite hero of the Irish national tradition.
- Sart
- (from the article "Chagatai literature") During the 18th century, members of the settled population of Bukhara and Kokand, known as Sarts, usually spoke both Persian and Turkic but nevertheless had two distinct literary heritages derived ...
- Sart Kalmyk
- (from the article "Kalmyk") ...Volga River in its lower courses, in an arc along the northwestern shore of the Caspian Sea. A small number of Kalmyk of the Buzawa tribe live along the Don ...
- Sartawi, 'Isam
- Palestinian nationalist who, as one of the moderate leaders in the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), attracted much hostility from Palestinian extremists because he advocated coexistence with Israel.
- Sarthe
- (from the article "Pays de la Loire") region of France encompassing the western departements of Mayenne, Sarthe, Maine-et-Loire, Vendee, and Loire-Atlantique. Pays de la Loire is bounded by the
- Sarthe River
- river, rising in the Perche hills north of Mortagne-au-Perche, Orne departement, northwestern France. The Sarthe flows alternately west and south to a point near Angers, where it joins the Loire ...
- Sarti, Giuseppe
- Italian conductor and composer of liturgical music and more than 50 operas. [1 Related Articles]
- Sarton, George Alfred Leon
- Belgian-born U.S. scholar and writer whose voluminous research and publications concerning the history of science did much to make the subject an independent discipline.
- Sarton, May
- American poet, novelist, and essayist whose works were informed by themes of love, mind-body conflict, creativity, lesbianism, and the trials of age and illness. [1 Related Articles]
- sartorius muscle
- (from the Latin sartor, "mender"), long, narrow, ribbonlike thigh muscle beginning at the front of the crest of the pelvic girdle, extending obliquely down the front and side of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Sartre, Jean-Paul
- French novelist, playwright, and exponent of Existentialism-a philosophy acclaiming the freedom of the individual human being. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1964, but he declined it. [29 Related Articles]
- Sarudahiko
- in Japanese mythology, an earthly deity who offered himself as a guide to the divine grandchild Ninigi, when he descended to take charge of the earth. His brilliance while he ... [1 Related Articles]
- sarugaku
- form of popular Japanese entertainment dating from at least the 11th century, which reached its high point by the 14th century. Originally, sarugaku involved mainly acrobatics, juggling, and mime. During ... [3 Related Articles]
- Saruhan
- (from the article "Saruhan Dynasty") The dynasty was founded by Saruhan, a tribal chief and frontier prince in the service of the Seljuqs of Anatolia who traced his descent to the Khwarezm-Shahs of Central Asia; ...
- Saruhan Dynasty
- Turkmen dynasty (c. 1300-1410) that ruled in the Manisa region of western Anatolia.
- Saruja, Suq
- (from the article "Damascus") ...of the city's exports of foodstuffs and luxury items were traded. Trade travel was facilitated by the numerous khans (warehouse inns) dotting its main thoroughfare. A new northern quarter, Suq ...
- Saruk carpet
- originally, floor covering handwoven in the village of Saruq, north of Arak (Soltanabad) in western Iran; later, floor covering commercially produced mainly in Arak but also in the weaving villages ...
- Sarum chant
- liturgical chant of the Sarum Use, the medieval church rite centred at Salisbury, Eng. The name derives from the Latin name for Salisbury, Sarisberia.
- Sarutaru
- (from the article "India") ...to those of Southeast Asia and south China. There is, however, little substantial evidence for the date of these collections or for the culture of the people who made them. ...
- Saruwaged Range
- mountain range on the Huon Peninsula, northeastern New Guinea, Papua New Guinea. The range, rising to 13,520 feet (4,121 metres) at Mount Bangeta, lies on the northern edge of the ...
- Sarvasena
- (from the article "India") ...the founder of the dynasty, Vindhyashakti, extended his power northward as far as Vidisha (near Ujjain). At the end of the 4th century, a collateral line of the Vakatakas was ...
- Sarvastivada
- (Sanskrit: Doctrine That All Is Real), important early Buddhist school of philosophy. A fundamental concept in Buddhist metaphysics is the assumption of the existence of dharmas, cosmic factors and events ... [5 Related Articles]
- Sarvodaya
- (from the article "Buddhism") ...third division, the Ramanya sect, is a small modernist group that emerged in the 19th century. In addition, several reform groups were established among the laity. These groups include the ...
- Sary-Jaz Mountains
- (from the article "Tien Shan") The elevation of the mountains increases in the Sary-Jaz (Saryzhaz) Mountains in the central Tien Shan, which lies to the east of the Ak-Shyyrak (Akshiyrak) Range. The separate ranges gradually ...
- Saryan, Martiros
- major Armenian painter of landscapes, still lifes, and portraits.
- Sarybagysh
- (from the article "Kyrgyzstan") Between 1835 and 1858 two Tien Shan Kyrgyz tribes, the Sarybagysh and the Bugu, engaged in a fratricidal war in which both sides alternately sought and obtained Kokandian or Russian ...
- Sarychev, Gavril Andreyevich
- (from the article "Volga River") ...of the Great Chart") and in a hydrographic description of 1636. Its flow was first measured below Kamyshin by the Englishman John Perry in 1700. Two pioneer Russian navigators, Makeyev ...
- Saryk
- (from the article "Turkmenistan") ...Chaudor tribe led a powerful tribal union in the north, while the Salor tribe was dominant in the south. During the 17th and 18th centuries the ascendancy passed to the ...
- Sarykamysh Basin
- (from the article "Karakum Desert") ...is approximately 135,000 square miles (350,000 square km) in area, extending some 500 miles (800 km) from west to east and 300 miles (500 km) from north to south. It ...
- Sarykol Range
- mountain range on the border of the Gorno-Badakhshan autonomous oblast (province) of Tajikistan and the People's Republic of China. Lying in the eastern Pamirs parallel to the Kashgar (or Mustagh-Ata) ... [2 Related Articles]
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