| | - Sarajevo
- capital and cultural centre of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies in the narrow valley of the Miljacka River at the foot of Mount Trebevic. The city retains a strong Muslim ... [6 Related Articles]
- Sarajevo Olympics
- (from the article "Olympic Games") The awarding of the 14th Winter Olympics to Sarajevo (now in Bosnia and Herzegovina) caught many by surprise, including the host country, which went to work building new facilities and ...
- Sarakhsi, as-
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...and Ibn Sina (known in Europe as Avicenna) dealt with such topics as the theory of sound, intervals, genres and systems, composition, rhythm, and instruments, as did others such as ...
- Sarakka
- (from the article "Madderakka") Sami goddess of childbirth. She is assisted by three of her daughters-Sarakka, the cleaving woman; Uksakka, the door woman; and Juksakka, the bow woman-who watch over the development of the ...
- Saralegui, Cristina
- In 1999 Cristina Saralegui celebrated her 10th anniversary as host and executive producer of the Miami, Fla.-based El Show de Cristina, the leading daytime talk show on ...
- Saramaccan
- creole language spoken by the Saramaccan and Matawai peoples of Suriname (formerly Dutch Guiana) in northeastern South America. It shows much greater evidence of African influence and less Dutch influence ... [1 Related Articles]
- Saramago, Jose
- Portuguese novelist and man of letters who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1998. [6 Related Articles]
- Saramati, Mount
- (from the article "Nagaland") ...in elevation toward the southeast to more than 6,000 feet. The mountains merge with the Patkai Range along the Myanmar border, reaching a maximum height of 12,552 feet (3,826 metres) ...
- Saran
- city, east-central Kazakhstan. A major centre of coal mining in the Qaraghandy coal basin, it was established in 1946 near the Saran coal deposit and became a city in 1954. ...
- Saranac Lake
- village and year-round resort, astride the Essex-Franklin county line, northeastern New York, U.S. It is situated on small Flower Lake near the Saranac and St. Regis chain of lakes, in ...
- Sarandon, Susan
- American film actress who transcended the early roles of her career, when she often played characters who were highly sensual but little else, to become a performer of considerable versatility ... [2 Related Articles]
- sarangi
- short-necked fiddle used throughout South Asia, particularly for folk and classical Hindustani music. Measuring about 76 cm (30 inches) long, the instrument has a roughly rectangular slightly waisted body and ... [3 Related Articles]
- Sarangpur
- city, northwestern Madhya Pradesh state, central India, just east of the Kali Sindh River. Sarangpur is located on an ancient site. It has a number of Jaina and Hindu ruins, ...
- Saransk
- city and capital of Mordvinia, in western Russia. It lies along the upper Insar River and on the western flank of the Volga River uplands. The city was founded in ...
- Sarapion, Saint
- Egyptian monk, theologian, and bishop of Thmuis, Lower Egypt, in the Nile River delta. [1 Related Articles]
- Sarapul
- city and centre of Sarapul rayon (sector) of Udmurtia, in western Russia. It is a port on the Kama River. Founded in the 16th century as a Russian stronghold on ...
- Sararanga
- (from the article "Pandanales") The four genera of the family Pandanaceae-Pandanus (screw pine), Freycinetia, Sararanga, and Martellidendron-are distributed in coastal or marshy areas in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (Paleotropics). They ...
- Sarasate, Pablo de
- celebrated Spanish violin virtuoso and composer.
- Sarasin, Jean-Francois
- French author of elegant verse, best known for the mock epic Dulot vaincu ("Dulot Defeated"), for the epic fragments Rollon conquerant ("Roland in Conquest") and La Guerre espagnole ("The Spanish ... [1 Related Articles]
- Sarasota
- city, seat (1921) of Sarasota county, west-central Florida, U.S. It lies along Sarasota Bay (an arm of the Gulf of Mexico), about 60 miles (95 km) south of Tampa. Sarasota, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Sarasvati
- Hindu goddess of learning and the arts, especially music. First appearing as the personification of the sacred river Sarasvati and also identified with Vac, the goddess of speech, she is ... [3 Related Articles]
- Sarasvati
- (from the article "India") ...such as peas, and the narrow perpendicular rows being used for oilseed plants such as those of the genus Sesamum (sesame). From Banawali and sites in the ...
- Sarasvati
- (from the article "Sarasvati") Hindu goddess of learning and the arts, especially music. First appearing as the personification of the sacred river Sarasvati and also identified with Vac, the goddess of speech, she is ...
- Saraswati, Swamigal Chandrasekharendra
- Indian religious leader (b. May 20, 1894, Viluppuram, Tamil Nadu, India--d. Jan. 8, 1994, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu), was a revered Hindu sage and a lifelong advocate of religious tolerance. Saraswati, ...
- Saratoga
- county, eastern New York state, U.S., bounded by the Hudson River to the northeast and east and the Mohawk River to the southeast. Other waterways include Snook Kill and Great ...
- Saratoga Performing Arts Center
- (from the article "New York") The Saratoga Performing Arts Center in Saratoga Springs is the summer home of the Philadelphia Orchestra and the New York City Ballet. Theatrical performances also are held at this modern ...
- Saratoga Springs
- city, Saratoga county, east-central New York, U.S. It lies in the foothills of the Adirondack Mountains, west of the Hudson River, 30 miles (48 km) north of Albany. Possessing numerous ...
- Saratoga, Battles of
- in the American Revolution, closely related engagements in the fall of 1777 that are often called the turning point of the war in favour of the Americans. The failure of ... [8 Related Articles]
- Saratoga, Convention of
- (from the article "Saratoga, Battles of") ...and his supplies were running low. On October 8 Burgoyne began his retreat, but Gates, who had 20,000 men by now, surrounded him at Saratoga. On October 17 Burgoyne surrendered ...
- Saratov
- oblast (province), western Russia. With an area of 38,700 square miles (100,200 square km), the oblast lies in the basin of the middle Volga River, which bisects it north-south. Saratov ...
- Saratov
- city and administrative centre of Saratov oblast (province), western Russia. The city lies along the middle course of the Volga River and was founded in 1590 as ...
- Saraveca language
- (from the article "Table 63: South American Indian Language Groups") ...American continent use number systems with bases three and four. The quinary scale, or number system with base five, is very old, but in pure form it seems to be ...
- Saravia, Alvaro Rafael
- (from the article "El Salvador") In September a U.S. federal judge, acting on the basis of the 1789 Alien Tort Claims Act and the 1991 Torture Victim Protection Act, found Salvadoran Air Force Capt. Alvaro ...
- Sarawa cypress
- (from the article "false cypress") The Sarawa cypress (C. pisifera) of Japan, 27 to 36 metres (90 to 120 feet) tall, has been in cultivation for centuries. It has sharp-pointed leaves, small cones, and fragrant ...
- Sarawak
- historic region that is now a state of Malaysia. It comprises the northwestern part of the island of Borneo and is bounded by the sultanate of Brunei and Sabah (Malaysia) ... [7 Related Articles]
- Sarawak Museum
- (from the article "museums, history of") ...established in the Grand Palace at Bangkok in 1874 became, about 60 years later, the National Museum of Thailand. The National Museum of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) opened to the ...
- Sarayupara
- (from the article "Kalacuri Dynasty") Two other Kalacuri families are known to history: the Kalacuris of Sarayupara and the Kalacuris of Ratanpur. The Sarayupara family ruled a territory along the banks of the Sarayu (modern ...
- Sarazen, Gene
- prominent American professional golfer of the 1920s and '30s. His double eagle-i.e., his score of three strokes under par-on the par-five 15th hole in the last round of the 1935 ... [1 Related Articles]
- sarcasm
- (from the article "language") ...are spoken with friendly facial expressions. It is found that it is the visual accompaniments and tone of voice that elicit the main emotional response. A good deal of what ...
- Sarcee
- North American Plains Indians of Athabaskan linguistic stock who lived in the 18th and 19th centuries near the upper Saskatchewan and Athabaska rivers in the present provinces of Alberta and ...
- sarcina
- (from the article "coccus") ...are useful in identification. Pairs of cocci are called diplococci; rows or chains of such cells are called streptococci; grapelike clusters of cells, staphylococci; packets of eight or more cells, ...
- Sarcocystis
- genus of sporozoan parasites (phylum Protozoa) that are found in the heart and skeletal muscles of mammals (cattle, pigs, sheep, and man), birds, and reptiles. Infected muscle tissue contains white, ...
- sarcodine
- any protozoan of the superclass (sometimes class or subphylum) Sarcodina. These organisms have streaming cytoplasm and use temporary cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopodia in locomotion (called amoeboid movement) and feeding. Sarcodines ... [3 Related Articles]
- sarcoidosis
- systemic disease that is characterized by the formation of granulomas (small grainy lumps) in affected tissue. Although the cause of sarcoidosis is unknown, the disease may be caused by an ... [2 Related Articles]
- Sarcolaenaceae
- (from the article "Malvales") Sarcolaenaceae and Dipterocarpaceae are related families, having in common secretory canals, fibrous bark, sepals overlapping in bud, distinctive seed and wood anatomy, and reserve endosperm in the seeds with starch.
- sarcolemma
- (from the article "human cardiovascular system") ...of the heart in the atria to the bottom of the heart in the ventricles. The impulse is propagated as a wave that travels from cell to cell. Voltage-sensitive protein ...
- sarcoma
- tumour of connective tissue (also called mesodermal, or mesenchymal, cells). This form of cancer is relatively rare in adults but is one of the more common malignancies among children; it ... [1 Related Articles]
- Sarcomastigophora
- (from the article "protozoan") Annotated classification.
- sarcomere
- (from the article "human cardiovascular system") ...that causes contraction consists of muscle fibres that are made up of cardiac muscle cells. Each cell contains smaller fibres known as myofibrils that house highly organized contractile units called ...
- Sarcophaga kelly
- (from the article "flesh fly") Other members are insect parasites. One of the best-known species (Sarcophaga kelly) is a grasshopper parasite. The female deposits larvae, or maggots, on the underside of a grasshopper's wings. The ...
- sarcophagus
- stone coffin. The original term is of doubtful meaning; Pliny explains that the word denotes a coffin of limestone from the Troad (the region around Troy) which had the property ... [6 Related Articles]
- sarcoplasm
- (from the article "meat processing") The plasma membrane of a muscle cell, called the sarcolemma, separates the sarcoplasm (muscle cell cytoplasm) from the extracellular surroundings. Within the sarcoplasm of each individual muscle fibre are approximately ...
- sarcoplasmic reticulum
- (from the article "endoplasmic reticulum") ...and membrane. The second region of the ER, the smooth ER (SER), is not associated with ribosomes. The SER is involved in the synthesis of lipids and the detoxification of ...
- Sarcopterygii
- (from the article "Life Sciences") A significant new transitional fossil, Tiktaalik roseae, was described in April 2006. The fossil, discovered in Late Devonian deposits of the Canadian Arctic, was a new sarcopterygian (lobe-finned) fish that ...
- Sarcoptes scabiei
- (from the article "mange") ...disease of animals caused by mite infestations, characterized by inflammation, itching, thickening of the skin, and hair loss. The most severe form of mange is caused by varieties of the ...
- sarcotesta
- (from the article "gymnosperm") In some gymnosperms (e.g., cycads, Ginkgo) the seed coat (sarcotesta) consists of two layers. In some cycads the sarcotesta is brightly coloured. The sarcotesta of Ginkgo seeds is foul-smelling when ...
- sard and sardonyx
- translucent, light- to dark-brown varieties of the silica mineral chalcedony, historically two of the most widely used semiprecious stones. Sard and its close relative carnelian have been used in engraved ... [1 Related Articles]
- Sarda Canal
- (from the article "Sarda River") ...below this point it is known as the Sarda River. Its major tributaries are the Dhauliganga, Goriganga, and Sarju. The Sarda Barrage, near Banbasa, is the source of the Sarda ...
- Sarda River
- river rising in the Himalayas and flowing south-southeast along the India-Nepal border to join the Ghaghara River after a course of about 300 miles (480 km). In its upper course, ...
- sardana
- communal dance intimately bound up with Catalan national consciousness. It is danced by men and women who join hands alternately in a closed circle. As they dance to the music ...
- Sardanapalus
- legendary king of Assyria. He apparently represents an amalgamation of the characters and tragic fates of three Assyrian rulers: Ashurbanipal (q.v.; ruled 668-627 BC); his brother, Shamash-shum-ukin; and the last ...
- sardar
- (from the article "Sikhism") ...misls or misals. Beginning as warrior bands, the emergent misls and their sardars (chieftains) gradually established their authority over quite extensive ...
- Sardica, Council of
- (342/343), an ecclesiastical council of the Christian Church held at Sardica, or Serdica (modern Sofia, Bulg.). It was convened by the joint emperors Constantius II (Eastern, sympathetic to the Arian ... [1 Related Articles]
- sardine
- any of certain food fishes of the herring (q.v.) family, Clupeidae, especially members of the genera Sardina, Sardinops, and Sardinella; the name sardine can also refer to the common herring ... [2 Related Articles]
- sardines
- (from the article "hide-and-seek") The game is played differently in various regions; sometimes the seeker may be helped by those he finds. Alternatively, only one child hides and is sought by all the rest, ...
- Sardinia
- island and regione of Italy, second in size only to Sicily among the islands of the western Mediterranean. It lies 120 miles (200 km) west of the mainland of Italy, ... [15 Related Articles]
- Sardinia
- kingdom of the house of Savoy from 1720, which was centred on the lands of Piedmont (in northwestern Italy) and Sardinia. In 1718, by the Treaty of London among the ... [19 Related Articles]
- Sardinian language
- Romance language spoken on the Italian-ruled island of Sardinia; it is most similar to Vulgar Latin of all the modern Romance languages. Major dialects of Sardinian are Logudorian, spoken in ... [2 Related Articles]
- Sardinian script
- (from the article "Phoenician alphabet") ...until about the 1st century BC in Phoenicia proper. Phoenician colonial scripts, variants of the mainland Phoenician alphabet, are classified as Cypro-Phoenician (10th-2nd century BC) and Sardinian (c. 9th century ...
- Sardis
- ruined capital of ancient Lydia, near present Izmir, Turkey. Strategically located on a spur at the foot of Mount Tmolus (Boz Dag), it commanded the central plain of the Hermus ... [7 Related Articles]
- Sardjoe, Ram
- (from the article "Suriname") Area: 163,820 sq km (63,251 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 510,000 | Capital: Paramaribo | Head of state and government: President Ronald Venetiaan, assisted by Prime Minister Ram Sardjoe ...
- Sardo illustre
- (from the article "Sardinian language") ...spoken in central Sardinia; Campidanian, spoken in the south; Sassarian, spoken in the northwest; and Gallurian, spoken in the northeast. There is no standard form of Sardinian except the Sardo ...
- sardonyx
- (from the article "Birthstones") translucent, light- to dark-brown varieties of the silica mineral chalcedony, historically two of the most widely used semiprecious stones. Sard and its close relative carnelian have been used in engraved ...
- Sardou, Victorien
- playwright who, with Emile Augier and Alexandre Dumas fils, dominated the French stage in the late 19th century and is still remembered as a craftsman of bourgeois drama of a ... [4 Related Articles]
- sardsir
- (from the article "Fars") ...m). It is humid on the coastal plain bordering the Persian Gulf; this area supports the cultivation of fruit, cereals (rice, corn [maize]), vegetables, and tobacco. The plains and plateaus ...
- Sarduri II
- (from the article "Tiglath-pileser III") Tiglath-pileser next attacked the Urartian ruler Sarduri II and his neo-Hittite and Aramaean allies, whom he defeated in 743 BC. Advance westward was, however, barred by the capital of Arpad, ...
- Sarduy, Severo
- novelist, poet, critic, and essayist, one of the most daring and brilliant writers of the 20th century. [1 Related Articles]
- Sarego, Villa
- (from the article "Palladio, Andrea") ...(c. 1550) at Quinto, he started to build a grandiose house planned on the lines of his reconstruction of a Roman villa shown in the Quattro libri, but it was ...
- Sarek National Park
- park in Norrbotten lan (county), northwestern Sweden, encompassing most of the Sarek mountain range. It was established in 1909, with the setting aside of an area of 746 square miles ...
- Sarek, Mount
- (from the article "Sweden") ...near the Norwegian border. At the region's far northern edge, north of the Arctic Circle, are Sweden's highest peaks: Mount Kebne (Kebnekaise), which is 6,926 feet (2,111 metres) in elevation, ...
- Sarekat Islam
- the first nationalist political party in Indonesia to gain wide popular support. Founded in 1912 the party originated as an association of those Muslim merchants who wanted to advance their ... [5 Related Articles]
- Sarekat Islam Merah
- (from the article "Sarekat Islam") ...in 1921 at a national party congress, that no member of the Sarekat Islam could hold dual party membership. This led to the departure of the left wing of the ...
- Sarett, Lewis Hastings
- American organic chemist who, while serving as a research scientist (1942-48) at Merck & Co., Inc., synthesized cortisone, a feat that had wide-ranging applications in the treatment of allergies as ...
- Sarez, Lake
- (from the article "Tajikistan") The few lakes in Tajikistan lie mostly in the Pamir region; the largest is Lake Karakul, lying at an elevation of about 13,000 feet. Lake Sarez was formed in 1911 ...
- Sarfatti, Margherita
- (from the article "Novecento movement") The founding members of the Novecento (Italian: 20th-century) movement were the critic Margherita Sarfatti and seven artists: Anselmo Bucci, Leonardo Dudreville, Achille Funi, Gian Emilio Malerba, Piero Marussig, Ubaldo Oppi, ...
- Sarg, Tony
- (from the article "Baird, Bil and Cora") ...as a child. After graduating from the State University of Iowa in 1926, he studied stage design at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts and then worked for five years ...
- Sargasso Sea
- area of the North Atlantic Ocean, elliptical in shape and relatively still, that is strewn with free-floating seaweed of the genus Sargassum. It lies between the parallels 20° N and ... [4 Related Articles]
- Sargassum
- genus of brown algae (150 species) generally attached to rocks along coasts in temperate regions. The Sargasso Sea is characterized by a free-floating mass of seaweed, predominately S. natans and ... [3 Related Articles]
- sargassum fish
- (from the article "paracanthopterygian") ...have highly varied colour patterns, and some species are able to change colours. In habit they are sedentary but can use their fins to walk on the bottom and to ...
- sargassum weed
- (from the article "Sargassum") Sargassum is also known as sea holly because of its highly branched thallus with hollow, berrylike floats (pneumatocysts) and many leaflike sawtooth-edged blades. It is used as fertilizer in New ...
- Sargeant, Winthrop
- influential American music critic noted for his fine writing and conservative tastes.
- sargenes
- (from the article "religious dress") On Yom Kippur, it was the custom for participants to wear a sargenes, or white garment, emphasizing that Yom Kippur was an occasion not only of repentance but also of ...
- Sargent Ice Field
- (from the article "Alaskan mountains") ...7,000 to 8,000 feet. The highest peaks are in the sharp bend of the arc, where Mount Marcus Baker rises to 13,176 feet. The mountains are extremely rugged and heavily ...
- Sargent, Alvin
- (from the article "1977: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: Woody Allen and Marshall Brickman for Annie HallAdapted Screenplay: Alvin Sargent for JuliaCinematography: Vilmos Zsigmond for Close Encounters of the Third KindArt Direction: John Barry, Leslie Dilley, Norman ...
- Sargent, Dudley Allen
- (from the article "physical culture") ...concern over the number of deaths and serious injuries in college gridiron football games. By emphasizing training for all students at Harvard University, not just the athletically inclined, Dudley Allen ...
- Sargent, James
- (from the article "lock") In the 1870s a new criminal technique swept the United States: robbers seized bank cashiers and forced them to yield keys or combinations to safes and vaults. To combat this ...
- Sargent, John Singer
- Italian-born American painter whose elegant portraits provide an enduring image of Edwardian-age society. The wealthy and privileged on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean came to his studio in London ... [1 Related Articles]
- Sargent, Sir John Philip
- British statesman and educator who served as the principal educational adviser to the government of India from 1938 to 1948.
- Sargent, Sir Malcolm
- English conductor who, as Britain's self-styled "ambassador of music," toured throughout the world.
- Sargent, Trevor
- (from the article "Ireland") ...who resigned from politics immediately. The Green Party entered government for the first time after negotiating a coalition deal with Fianna Fail and the PD's two remaining MPs. Green Party ...
- Sargeson, Frank
- novelist and writer of short stories whose ironic, stylistically diverse works made him the most widely known New Zealand literary figure of his day. [1 Related Articles]
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