| | - samma ditthi
- (from the article "Eightfold Path") In brief, the eight elements of the path are: (1) correct view, an accurate understanding of the nature of things, specifically the Four Noble Truths, (2) correct intention, avoiding thoughts ...
- samma kammanto
- (from the article "Eightfold Path") ...intention, avoiding thoughts of attachment, hatred, and harmful intent, (3) correct speech, refraining from verbal misdeeds such as lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, and senseless speech, (4) correct action, refraining ...
- samma samadhi
- (from the article "Eightfold Path") ...yet to arise, and sustaining positive states that have already arisen, (7) correct mindfulness, awareness of body, feelings, thought, and phenomena (the constituents of the existing world), and (8) correct ...
- samma sankappo
- (from the article "Eightfold Path") In brief, the eight elements of the path are: (1) correct view, an accurate understanding of the nature of things, specifically the Four Noble Truths, (2) correct intention, avoiding thoughts ...
- samma sati
- (from the article "Eightfold Path") ...(6) correct effort, abandoning negative states of mind that have already arisen, preventing negative states that have yet to arise, and sustaining positive states that have already arisen, (7) correct ...
- samma vaca
- (from the article "Eightfold Path") ...are: (1) correct view, an accurate understanding of the nature of things, specifically the Four Noble Truths, (2) correct intention, avoiding thoughts of attachment, hatred, and harmful intent, (3) correct ...
- samma vayamo
- (from the article "Eightfold Path") ...stealing, and sexual misconduct, (5) correct livelihood, avoiding trades that directly or indirectly harm others, such as selling slaves, weapons, animals for slaughter, intoxicants, or poisons, (6) correct effort, abandoning ...
- Sammartini, Giovanni Battista
- Italian composer who was an important formative influence on the pre-Classical symphony and thus on the Classical style later developed by Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. [5 Related Articles]
- Sammartini, Giuseppe
- oboist and composer prominent in England in the first half of the 18th century and brother of Giovanni Battista Sammartini.
- Sammartino, Giuseppe
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...groups by Antonio Corradini and Francesco Queirolo vie with each other in virtuosity and include such conceits as fishnets cut from solid marble and the all-revealing shrouds developed by Giuseppe ...
- sammasam-buddha
- (from the article "pratyeka-buddha") ...his own efforts, as distinct from one who reaches the goal by listening to the teachings of a buddha. The pratyeka-buddha is also distinguished from the "complete buddha" (sammasam-buddha), for ...
- Sammatiya
- ancient Buddhist school or group of schools in India that held a distinctive theory concerning the pudgala, or person. They believed that though an individual does not exist independently from ...
- sammi
- (from the article "South Asian arts") Important dances by women are the sammi, kikli, giddha, and luddi. Except for the sammi, which has a slow rhythm accompanied by a sad song because of its association with ...
- Sammu-ramat
- Assyrian queen who became a legendary heroine. [3 Related Articles]
- samna
- (from the article "butterfat") ...mixed with the milk fat of the buffalo. Ghee is the chief form of cooking oil in many Indian regional cuisines; it is also used medicinally and plays a part ...
- Samnite
- a member of the ancient warlike tribes inhabiting the mountainous centre of southern Italy. These tribes, who spoke Oscan and were probably an offshoot of the Sabini, apparently referred to ... [10 Related Articles]
- Samnite
- (from the article "gladiator") There were various classes of gladiators, distinguished by their arms or modes of fighting. The Samnites fought with the national weapons-a large oblong shield, a visor, a plumed helmet, and ...
- Samnite Wars
- (from the article "ancient Rome") During the 40 years after the second treaty with Carthage, Rome rapidly rose to a position of hegemony in Italy south of the Po valley. Much of the fighting during ...
- Samnorsk
- (from the article "Norwegian language") ...its normative base; the resultant language form was called Riksmal, later officially Bokmal. An official effort aimed at amalgamating Dano-Norwegian and New Norwegian into one language (Samnorsk) was abandoned in ...
- Samo
- (from the article "Czechoslovak region, history of") ...were hard-pressed by the Avars of the Hungarian plains. Attempts to unite the Slavic tribes against the Avars were successful only when directed by such personalities as the Frankish merchant ...
- Samo
- (from the article "Burkina Faso") ...subgroups-the Mossi, which include the Gurma and the Yarse, the Gurunsi, the Senufo, the Bobo, and the Lobi. The second group is the Mande family, which is divided into four ...
- Samoa
- group of Polynesian islands and islets in the south-central Pacific Ocean about 1,600 miles (2,600 km) northeast of New Zealand. American Samoa, a dependency of the United States, consists of ...
- Samoa
- country in the central South Pacific Ocean, among the westernmost of the island nations of Polynesia. [30 Related Articles]
- Samoa Act
- (from the article "Pacific Islands") ...and both became involved in the internal politics of Oceanian societies. In Tahiti the problem was resolved by French annexation. In Samoa, after a tripartite supervision set up by the ...
- Samoa, flag of
- national flag consisting of a red field (background) with a blue canton incorporating the Southern Cross constellation in white. The flag's width-to-length ratio is 1 to 2.
- Samoan
- (from the article "American Samoa") The great majority of the population (nearly nine-tenths) is ethnically Samoan; there are tiny minorities of Tongan, Asian, and European origin. The Samoans are a Polynesian people closely related to ...
- Samoan language
- (from the article "Austronesian languages") ...and in western Melanesia to fewer than a thousand. In the central Pacific, where the average number of speakers per language again increases to more than 100,000, the major languages ...
- Samogitia
- (from the article "Lithuania") ...of the Sword (this order became a branch of the Teutonic Order in 1237). The Lithuanians, protected by a dense primeval forest and extensive marshland, successfully resisted German pressure. Samogitia ...
- Samogitian
- (from the article "Baltic states") ...became East Prussia. The Jotvingians and Galindians inhabited an area to the south stretching from present-day Poland east into Belarus. The settlements of the ancestors of the Lithuanians-the Samogitians and ...
- Samory
- Muslim reformer and military leader who founded a powerful kingdom in West Africa and resisted French colonial expansion in the late 19th century. [3 Related Articles]
- Samos
- Greek island in the Aegean Sea, the closest one to the mainland of Asia Minor, from which it is separated by the narrow Samos Strait. The 184-sq-mi (476-sq-km) island is ... [5 Related Articles]
- Samos Tunnel
- tunnel drilled on the Aegean island of Samos in the 6th century BC to carry water for the capital city of the tyrant Polycrates from springs on the far side ... [1 Related Articles]
- Samosir
- island in Danau (lake) Toba, Sumatera Utara propinsi (North Sumatra province), Sumatra, Indonesia. Approximately 200 sq mi (520 sq km) in area, the island occupies nearly half the lake and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Samothrace
- Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea off the Thracian coast, included in the nomos (department) of Evros. The 69-sq-mi (178-sq-km) island is geologically complex, consisting chiefly of ancient granites, ... [2 Related Articles]
- samovar
- metal urn, often of brass, with a spigot near its base, widely used in Russia to boil water for tea. In traditional samovars water is heated by means of a ...
- Samoyed
- breed of working dog developed in Siberia, where it was kept by the Samoyed people as a sled dog and companion and as a herd dog for their reindeer. The ...
- Samoyedic languages
- group of languages spoken in Siberia and the Russian Arctic that, together with the Finno-Ugric languages, constitute the family of Uralic languages (q.v.). There are five Samoyedic languages, which are ... [6 Related Articles]
- Sampaio, Jorge
- (from the article "Portugal") Area: 92,118 sq km (35,567 sq mi) | Population (2006 est.): 10,605,000 | Capital: Lisbon | Chief of state: Presidents Jorge Sampaio and, from March 9, Anibal Cavaco Silva | ...
- sampan
- most common type of small boat in Chinese waters, constructed in a variety of designs. Some have sharp bows, and nearly all have large sterns, with the after portion of ...
- Samper Pizano, Ernesto
- Even when judged by the rough-and-tumble standards of Colombian politics, Pres. Ernesto Samper Pizano's political career was unusually turbulent. In 1989, as he stood talking to Jose Antequera, a member ... [1 Related Articles]
- Samphan, Khieu
- (from the article "Cambodia") ...(1975-79). Although Kaing Khek Iev (known as "Duch") and Nuon Chea were the only ones officially charged, the Cambodian press speculated that others named internally might include Khieu Samphan, Ieng ...
- sample mean
- (from the article "statistics") ...estimation of a population mean. Suppose it is of interest to estimate the population mean, mu, for a quantitative variable. Data collected from a simple random sample can be used ...
- sample preparation
- in analytical chemistry, the processes in which a representative piece of material is extracted from a larger amount and readied for analysis. Sampling and sample preparation have a unique meaning ...
- sample proportion
- (from the article "statistics") For qualitative variables, the population proportion is a parameter of interest. A point estimate of the population proportion is given by the sample proportion. With knowledge of the sampling distribution ...
- sample space
- (from the article "probability theory") ...that may lead to different outcomes on different trials. The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called a "sample space." The experiment of tossing a coin once ...
- sample statistics
- (from the article "statistics") ...variance, and the population proportion are called parameters of the population. Characteristics of the sample such as the sample mean, the sample variance, and the sample proportion are called sample ...
- sampler
- embroidered panel of linen on which various types of stitches are demonstrated. The earliest extant European examples date from the 16th century. The original purpose of the sampler, in the ...
- sampling
- (from the article "telemetry") A telemetry system ordinarily must handle more than one channel of information (e.g., routine measurements from an orbiting satellite, or flow rate and reservoir levels in a water-distribution network). These ...
- sampling
- (from the article "sample preparation") Samplingchemical analysisanalysisSamplingDuring this initial step of analysis, a portion of a bulk material is removed in order to be assayed. ...
- sampling
- (from the article "hip-hop") A canny blend of entrepreneurship and aesthetics, hip-hop was the wellspring of several staple techniques of modern pop music, including digital drumming and sampling (which introduced rap listeners to the ...
- sampling
- in statistics, a process or method of drawing a representative group of individuals or cases from a particular population. Sampling and statistical inference are used in circumstances in which it ... [6 Related Articles]
- sampling
- (from the article "compact disc") ...discs, videodiscs, and CD-ROMs, instead involves taking multiple discrete measurements of the voltage levels of the continuous source audio waves, a process known as sampling. The most common sampling rate ...
- sampling distribution
- (from the article "statistics") A sampling distribution is a probability distribution for a sample statistic. Knowledge of the sampling distribution is necessary for the construction of an interval estimate for a population parameter. This ...
- sampling error
- (from the article "statistics") ...The absolute value of the difference between the sample mean, x, and the population mean, mu, written |x − mu|, is called the sampling ...
- sampling theorem
- (from the article "information theory") ...Engineers limit the bandwidth of signals to enable multiple signals to share the same channel with minimal interference. A key result that pertains to bandwidth-limited signals is Nyquist's sampling theorem, ...
- sampo
- mysterious object often referred to in the mythological songs of the Finns, most likely a cosmological pillar or some similar support holding up the vault of heaven. In a cycle ... [1 Related Articles]
- sampradaya
- in Hinduism, a traditional school of religious teaching, transmitted from one teacher to another. From about the 11th century onward, several sects emerged out of Vaisnavism (worship of the god ...
- Sampras, Pete
- American tennis player whose exceptional all-around game enabled him to win 14 grand-slam singles titles, a record among male players. During his career he won seven Wimbledon singles championships (also ... [3 Related Articles]
- Sampson, Anthony Terrell Seward
- British journalist and author (b. Aug. 3, 1926, Billingham-on-Tees, Durham, Eng.-d. Dec. 18, 2004, Wardour, Wiltshire, Eng.), scrutinized political power and influence, especially in the U.K. and South Africa, and ...
- Sampson, Deborah
- American Revolutionary soldier and one of the earliest female lecturers in the country.
- Sampson, Geoffrey
- (from the article "writing") ...out of 24 basic graphs. In addition, such a script makes syllables visually discriminable by organizing them into blocks to facilitate rapid reading. Such properties led the British linguist Geoffrey ...
- Sampson, Nikos
- Greek Cypriot journalist and militant nationalist (b. Dec. 16, 1934, Famagusta, Cyprus-d. May 9, 2001, Nicosia, Cyprus), was president of Cyprus for eight days in 1974, but the coup of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Sampson, William T(homas)
- U.S. naval officer who, as head of the North Atlantic squadron, masterminded U.S. naval strategy during the Spanish-American War. [1 Related Articles]
- samsara
- in Indian philosophy, the central conception of metempsychosis: the soul, finding itself awash in the "sea of samsara," strives to find release (moksha) from the bonds of ... [20 Related Articles]
- Samsat
- village in Adiyaman il (province), southeastern Turkey, on the upper Euphrates River. In antiquity Samosata was a fortified city guarding an important crossing point of the river on the east-west ...
- Samsil
- (from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") ...In 732 he advanced upon Damascus, first devastating the gardens outside the city and then conquering the capital and killing the king, whom he replaced with a governor. The queen ...
- samskara
- (from the article "skandha") ...or feelings (vedana); (3) perceptions of sense objects (Sanskrit: samjna; Pali: sanna); (4) mental formations (samskaras/sankharas); and (5) awareness, or consciousness, of the other three mental aggregates...
- samskara
- any of the personal sacraments traditionally observed at every stage of a Hindu's life, from the moment of conception to the final scattering of his funeral ashes. The observance of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Samson
- Israelite hero portrayed in an epic narrative in the Old Testament (Judg. 13-16). He was a Nazirite (q.v.) and a legendary warrior whose incredible exploits hint at the weight of ... [4 Related Articles]
- Samson fox
- (from the article "fox") ...a black coat. A form called the cross, or brant, fox is yellowish brown with a black cross extending between the shoulders and down the back; it is found in ...
- Samsonov, Alexander Vasiliyevich
- (from the article "Tannenberg, Battle of") Two Russian armies, the 1st, which was under General P.K. Rennenkampf, and the 2nd, under A.V. Samsonov, invaded German East Prussia in August 1914. Rennenkampf fought a successful action at ...
- Samsuditana
- (from the article "Nabu") Samsuditana, the last king of the 1st dynasty of Babylon (reigned 1625-1595 BC), introduced a statue of Nabu into Esagila, the temple of Marduk, who was the city god of ...
- Samsuiluna
- (from the article "Iran, ancient") ...in 1764 BC. The Old Babylon kingdom, however, fell into rapid decline following the death of Hammurabi, and it was not long before the Elamites were able to gain revenge. ...
- Samsun
- (from the article "Samsun") ...a railway line from inner Anatolia, through which iron ore is brought from Divrigi. The city has air services to Istanbul and Ankara and is also linked by major roads ...
- Samsun
- city, capital of Samsun il (province), northern Turkey. The largest city on the southern coast of the Black Sea, Samsun lies between the deltas of the Kizil and Yesil rivers. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Samsung
- (from the article "Media and Publishing") In August Toshiba introduced Qosmio, the first laptop integrated with audio and video features, DVD drive, TV tuner with a no-waiting TV mode, enhanced speakers, and near-TV-quality display. The Samsung ...
- Samter, Max
- German-born immunologist who conducted research that led him to realize that patients suffering from both asthma and nasal polyps were in danger of developing a life-threatening sensitivity to aspirin, a ...
- samudaya
- (from the article "Four Noble Truths") ...aging, sickness, death, encountering the unpleasant, separation from the pleasant, and not gaining what one desires. The second truth is the origin (Pali and Sanskrit: samudaya) or ...
- Samudra Gupta
- Indian regional emperor from about AD 330 to 380 who was the epitome of an "ideal king" of the "golden age of Hindu history," as the period of the imperial ... [2 Related Articles]
- Samudra-Pasai
- (from the article "Indonesia") ...to 1082. However, substantial evidence of Islam in Indonesia exists only from the end of the 13th century, in northern Sumatra. Two small Muslim trading kingdoms existed by that time ...
- Samuel
- religious hero in the history of Israel, represented in the Old Testament in every role of leadership open to a Jewish man of his day-seer, priest, judge, prophet, and military ... [6 Related Articles]
- Samuel
- tsar of Western Bulgaria, or Macedonia, from 980; his realm was successor to the First Bulgarian empire. [3 Related Articles]
- Samuel Aba
- (from the article "Hungary") ...the nation rebelled against his designated successor, Peter (the son of Stephen's sister and the doge of Venice), who was expelled in 1041. Peter returned in 1044 with the help ...
- Samuel bar Abba
- (from the article "Judaism") ...claimed more direct Davidic descent than the Palestinian patriarch-to rule over the Jews as a quasi-prince. About 220, two Babylonian disciples of Judah ha-Nasi, Abba Arika (known as Rav) and ...
- Samuel ha-Nagid
- Talmudic scholar, grammarian, philologist, poet, warrior, and statesman who for two decades was the power behind the throne of the caliphate of Granada. [2 Related Articles]
- Samuel Johnson Prize
- (from the article "Literature") The 2007 Samuel Johnson Prize for Non-fiction was awarded to Rajiv Chandrasekaran, assistant managing editor of the Washington Post, for Imperial Life in the Emerald City: Inside Iraq's Green Zone ...
- Samuel of Nehardea
- Babylonian amora (scholar), head of the important Jewish academy at Nehardea. His teachings, along with those of Rav (Abba Arika, head of the academy at Sura), figure prominently in the ...
- Samuel the Hasid
- (from the article "Judah ben Samuel") The facts of Judah's life, like those of other major Jewish mystics, are obscure. He was the son of Samuel the Hasid, also a mystic, and belonged to the eminent ...
- Samuel, Arthur
- (from the article "artificial intelligence") The first AI program to run in the United States also was a checkers program, written in 1952 by Arthur Samuel for the prototype of the IBM 701. Samuel took ...
- Samuel, Athanasius Yeshue
- Syrian-born archbishop and primate of the Syrian Orthodox Church of the United States, who first brought the Dead Sea Scrolls to the attention of the world (b. Dec. 25, 1907--d. ...
- Samuel, books of
- two Old Testament books that, along with Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, and 1 and 2 Kings, belong to the tradition of Deuteronomic history first committed to writing about 550 BC, during ... [6 Related Articles]
- Samuel, Herbert Louis Samuel, 1st Viscount
- British statesman and philosopher, one of the first Jewish members of the British cabinet (as chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, 1909-10). He was perhaps most important as first British ... [1 Related Articles]
- Samuelson, Paul
- American economist awarded the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1970 for his fundamental contributions to nearly all branches of economic theory. [4 Related Articles]
- Samuelson, Ralph
- (from the article "waterskiing") ...derive from the aquaplane, a wide riding board towed by a motorboat. Aquaplanes were most popular in the United States, France, and Switzerland, the areas in which waterskiing first became ...
- Samuelsson, Bengt Ingemar
- Swedish biochemist, corecipient with fellow Swede Sune K. Bergstrom and Englishman John Robert Vane of the 1982 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. The three scientists were honoured for their ... [1 Related Articles]
- Samugarh, Battle of
- (May 29, 1658), decisive struggle in a contest for the throne between the sons of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan after the emperor's serious illness in September 1657. The battle ...
- Samur
- (from the article "Caspian Sea") ...major rivers-the Volga, Ural, and Terek-empty into the northern Caspian, with their combined annual flow accounting for about 88 percent of all river water entering the sea. The Sulak, Samur, ...
- samurai
- member of the Japanese warrior caste. The term samurai was originally used to denote the aristocratic warriors (bushi), but it came to apply to all the members of the warrior ... [18 Related Articles]
- Samut Prakan
- town, south-central Thailand, on the Gulf of Thailand. Samut Prakan (sometimes called Paknam) lies at the mouth of the Chao Phraya River and serves as a lower port of Bangkok, ...
- Samut Sakhon
- town, south-central Thailand. The fishing port of Samut Sakhon is located on the Gulf of Thailand at the mouth of the Tha Chin River. It is a rice-milling centre and ...
- Samut Songkhram
- town, south-central Thailand. It lies along the Gulf of Thailand southwest of Bangkok. The town is a fishing port on the northwestern coast of the Gulf of Thailand at the ...
|
|
