| | - Saint-Venant, Adhemar-Jean-Claude Barre de
- (from the article "solids, mechanics of") The middle and late 1800s were a period in which many basic elastic solutions were derived and applied to technology and to the explanation of natural phenomena. The French mathematician ...
- Saint-Victor
- (from the article "Marseille") On the opposite side of the port stands the crenellated, square-towered basilica of Saint-Victor, dating from the 11th to the 14th century; it once was attached to an abbey founded ...
- Saint-Victor, Abbey of
- (from the article "biblical literature") ...interest in allegory, literal interpretation was cultivated in many centres in the West, often with the aid of Hebrew, knowledge of which was obtainable from Jewish rabbis. One such centre ...
- Saint-Vincent de Besancon
- (from the article "museums, history of") ...Basel, concerned that the fine cabinet of Basilius Amerbach might be exported, purchased it in 1662 and nine years later arranged for its display in the university library. In 1694 ...
- Saint-Vincent-de-Paul
- (from the article "Western architecture") ...showed brilliantly how a language ultimately inspired by the triumphal arches of ancient Rome could lend an appropriate monumental emphasis to a major metropolitan railway terminus. In Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Paris (1830-46), ...
- Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche
- (from the article "pottery") The factory at Sevres prosecuted the search for the ingredients of hard porcelain with vigour. They were eventually found, after a prolonged search, at Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche, near Limoges, in 1769. The ...
- sainte ampoule, la
- (from the article "ampulla") ...in the coronation service; the ampulla of the regalia of the United Kingdom takes the form of a golden eagle with outspread wings. Perhaps the most celebrated ampulla in history ...
- Sainte Genevieve
- city, seat (1812) of Sainte Genevieve county, eastern Missouri, U.S. It lies along the Mississippi River, opposite Kellogg, Ill., approximately 60 miles (100 km) south of St. Louis. The first ... [1 Related Articles]
- Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupre
- town, Quebec region, southern Quebec province, Canada. It lies along the St. Lawrence River near the mouth of the Sainte-Anne. Settled about 1650, the town, about 20 miles (32 km) ...
- Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupre
- (from the article "Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupre") ...rheumatism, was reported in the same year. Numerous miraculous cures have been reported since, and the shrine has been visited by pilgrims from throughout Canada and the United States. The ...
- Sainte-Beuve, Charles-Augustin
- French literary historian and critic, noted for applying historical frames of reference to contemporary writing. His studies of French literature from the Renaissance to the 19th century made him one ... [7 Related Articles]
- Sainte-Catherine, Church of
- (from the article "Honfleur") ...writers, a number of whom were born there. The Vieux-Honfleur Museum, housed in the 14th-15th-century Church of Saint-Etienne, contains local maritime and folklore exhibits. The timber Church of Sainte-Catherine, which ...
- Sainte-Cecile Cathedral
- (from the article "Albi") The town's most important architectural glory is the Gothic Sainte-Cecile Cathedral (1277-1512), which was constructed in brick, without flying buttresses. Between the cathedral and the river is situated the red ...
- Sainte-Chapelle
- (from the article "baldachin") ...case in the Church of San Ambrogio in Milan. Few baldachins of the Gothic period remain, and their use outside Italy seems to have been intermittent; there is, however, a ...
- Sainte-Claire Deville, Henri-Etienne
- French chemical researcher who invented the first economical process for producing aluminum. [2 Related Articles]
- Sainte-Clotilde
- (from the article "Western architecture") ...restoration of Saint-Denis. Under threat of this inquiry, which was powerfully supported by the prefect of the Seine district, Barthelot Rambuteau, the council was forced to approve the plans for ...
- Sainte-Croix Cathedral
- (from the article "Orleans") The Sainte-Croix Cathedral, begun in the 13th century, was largely destroyed by the Protestants in 1568. Henry IV, king of France from 1589-1610, gave funds for its reconstruction, and it ...
- Sainte-Foy
- former city, Quebec region, southern Quebec province, Canada. In 2002 it was incorporated into Quebec city, becoming a borough of the enlarged city. Sainte-Foy borough is situated on the north ...
- Sainte-Genevieve, Library of
- (from the article "Western architecture") ...Fine Arts to whom he submitted them in 1828. Ten years later he had the opportunity of designing a great public building in which he could express his ideals of ...
- Sainte-Lague method
- (from the article "election") ...seat is awarded, the number of votes won by that party is divided by two (equal to the initial divisor plus one), and similarly for the party awarded the second ...
- Sainte-Marie, Buffy
- (from the article "1982: Other Winners") ...or Adaptation Score: Leslie Bricusse, Henry Mancini for Victor/VictoriaOriginal Song: "Up Where We Belong" from An Officer and a Gentleman; music by Jack Nitzsche and Buffy Sainte-Marie, lyrics by Will ...
- Sainte-Marie, Cathedral of
- (from the article "Auch") ...very narrow streets called pousterles, is centred on the Place Salinis, from which the Monumental Steps (Escalier Monumental) lead down to the river. The town's Cathedral of ...
- Sainte-Marie-de-la-Tourette
- (from the article "Corbusier, Le") ...the wall has been built to a double thickness for visual effect and the roof, which appears to be suspended, actually rests on a forest of supports. More brutal and ...
- Sainte-Marthe
- (from the article "Tarascon") ...century and was completed in the 15th century by Rene I, Count of Provence and titular king of Sicily. An imposing stronghold, it has crenellated walls 157 feet (48 m) ...
- Sainte-Maxence, Pont
- (from the article "bridge") ...Jean-Rodolphe Perronet, builder of some of the finest bridges of his day, developed very flat arches supported on slender piers. His works included the Pont de Neuilly (1774), over the ...
- Sainte-Therese
- city, Laurentides region, southern Quebec province, Canada. It lies along the Montreal-Laurentian Autoroute. The parish of Sainte-Therese, dating from 1789, and the community were named for Therese de Blainville, daughter ...
- Sainte-Therese Basilica
- (from the article "Lisieux") ...a frequent subject of dispute during the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) and later. The pilgrimage sites in Lisieux include the Chapelle du Carmel, where St. Theresa is buried, and the ...
- Saintes
- town, Charente-Maritime departement, Poitou-Charentes region, western France. It lies along the Charente River, 47 miles (76 km) southeast of La Rochelle. Saintes was the administrative centre of the Charente Inferieure ... [1 Related Articles]
- Saintes Islands
- (from the article "Guadeloupe") ...Grande-Terre to the east, the two being separated by a narrow channel, the Salee River; other islands in the group are Marie-Galante to the southeast, La Desirade to the east, ...
- Saintes, Battle of the
- (April 12, 1782), in the American Revolution, major British naval victory in the West Indies, ending the French threat to British possessions in that area. Setting out from Martinique on ...
- Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer
- village of the Camargue, Bouches-du-Rhone departement, Provence-Alpes-Cote-d'Azur region, southern France. The village lies along the Mediterranean coast. Its name originates in the ancient Provencal tradition that the early Christian figures ...
- Saintonge
- former province of western France, covering most of the present departement of Charente-Maritime. Its chief city was Saintes. Saintonge was originally the territory inhabited by the Santones, a Gallic tribe. ...
- Saintpaulia ionantha
- (from the article "African violet") flowering plant of the genus Saintpaulia (family Gesneriaceae), especially S. ionantha. The genus consists of about 20 species native to higher elevations in tropical eastern Africa. The plants are small, ...
- Saints Cyril and Methodius, Brotherhood of
- (from the article "Russia") ...Society of United Slavs, believed in a federation of free Slav peoples, including some of those living under Austrian and Turkish rule. In 1845 this idea was put forward in ...
- Saints Marcellinus and Peter
- (from the article "Western architecture") ...which are lower in height than the nave but higher than the aisles; like the nave, they end in semicircular apses. The church had a tripartite narthex no longer in ...
- Saints Maria e Donato
- (from the article "Murano") The most important building in Murano is the basilica of Saints Maria e Donato. In its present state it dates from the 13th century, having been rebuilt several times since ...
- Saints Maurice and Catherine, cathedral of
- (from the article "Magdeburg") ...German reunification, the city centre has uncharacteristically wide streets and mid-to-late 20th-century architecture throughout. The Romanesque and Gothic cathedral (1209-1520) dedicated to Saints Maurice and Catherine has survived, and the ...
- Saints Peter and Paul, Cathedral of
- (from the article "Western sculpture") But of all this German work, by far the most interesting complex is in the west choir (c. 1250) of Naumburg cathedral. Here, the desire for dramatic tension is exploited ...
- Saints Peter and Paul, Cathedral of
- (from the article "Worms") ...wine trade. Its industries include the manufacture of leather, machinery, chemicals, and synthetic fibre. Although Worms was severely damaged in World War II, it was subsequently rebuilt. The Cathedral of ...
- Saints Peter and Paul, Church of
- (from the article "Weimar") ...the works of Schiller and William Shakespeare. Other notable landmarks include the Wittums Palace (1767), Weimar Castle (1790-1803), Belvedere Castle (1724-32), Tiefurt Castle, and the Church of Saints Peter and ...
- Saints Peter and Paul, Feast of
- (from the article "Malta") As a Roman Catholic country, Malta celebrates Good Friday with colourful processions in several villages. Mnarja, the Feast of St. Peter and St. Paul, takes place on ...
- Saints Sergius and Bacchus
- (from the article "Western architecture") ...where the ideas of longitudinal basilica and centralized building were combined in a wholly original manner. The distinctive feature of all these structures was the form of roof, the dome. ...
- Saints, Assembly of
- (from the article "Cromwell, Oliver") ...Parliament" as a constituent body capable of establishing a Puritan republic. But just as he had considered the previous Parliament to be slow and self-seeking, he came to think that ...
- saints, communion of
- in Christian theology, the fellowship of those united to Jesus Christ in Baptism; the phrase is first found in the 5th-century version of the Apostles' Creed by Nicetas of Remesiana. ... [1 Related Articles]
- saints, cult of the
- (from the article "Europe, history of") ...the 12th century, institutional structures for official acts of canonization were established, but the enthusiasm for the saints remained an important part of both popular devotion and the official cult ...
- Saintsbury, George
- the most influential English literary historian and critic of the early 20th century. His lively style and wide knowledge helped make his works both popular and authoritative. [2 Related Articles]
- Sainz, Carlos
- (from the article "Automobile Racing") ...(Ford) of Estonia (79 points), who won three. Loeb's dominance also helped Citroen secure its second consecutive manufacturer's title. Citroen's other driver, two-time WRC champion Carlos Sainz of Spain, captured ...
- Saionji Kimmochi
- the longest-surviving member of the oligarchy that governed Japan after the Meiji Restoration (1868), which had overthrown the ruling Tokugawa family and formally reestablished the authority of the emperor. As ... [3 Related Articles]
- Saipan
- island, one of the Mariana Islands, part of the Northern Mariana Islands, a commonwealth of the United States, in the western Pacific Ocean. Saipan served as headquarters of the U.S.-administered ... [2 Related Articles]
- Saiph
- (from the article "astronomical map") ...translations of the Greek descriptions. The stars of Orion illustrate the various derivations: Rigel, from rijl al-Jawzah, "Leg of Orion," Mintaka, the "Belt," and Saiph, the "Sword," all follow the ...
- Saipov, Alisher
- (from the article "Uzbekistan") The world's attention was drawn to Uzbekistan on October 24 by the murder of independent Uzbek journalist Alisher Saipov. Saipov had published a political weekly highly critical of Karimov in ...
- Sais
- ancient Egyptian city (Sai) in the Nile River delta on the Canopic (Rosetta) Branch of the Nile River, in Al-Gharbiyah muhafazah (governorate). From prehistoric times Sais was ... [1 Related Articles]
- saisei-itchi
- (from the article "State Shinto") State Shinto was founded on the ancient precedent of saisei itchi, the unity of religion and government. Traditionally, the kami (gods, or sacred powers), the Japanese emperor, the citizens, and ...
- saishu
- (from the article "shinshoku") In the Grand Shrine of Ise, the supreme priestess, the saishu ("chief of the religious ceremonies"), ranks even above the supreme priest, the dai-guji. Formerly the post of supreme priestess ...
- Saison Group
- (from the article "Tsutsumi Family") ...Ltd., a large chain of discount department stores, and he diversified into a vast array of other retailing, financial, and leisure-time services. His more than 100 companies were unified in ...
- Saisons, Societe des
- (from the article "Blanqui, Auguste") ...groups of conspirators. His taste for secret societies stemmed from this conviction; he organized first the Societe des Familles ("Society of Families") and then the Societe des Saisons ("Society of ...
- Saisset, Bernard
- first bishop of Pamiers (in present-day Ariege departement, southern France), an aggressive and outspoken prelate whose activities exacerbated the disputes between Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip IV the Fair ... [2 Related Articles]
- Saisunaga Dynasty
- ancient ruling family in the Indian kingdom of Magadha. The Saisunaga line of kings followed the reigns of Bimbasara and Ajatasatru (both contemporaries of the Buddha). The line is generally ... [1 Related Articles]
- Saitama
- capital of Saitama ken (prefecture), east-central Honshu, Japan. Situated in the southeastern part of the prefecture, the city was created in 2001 through the merger of the ...
- Saitama
- ken (prefecture), east-central Honshu, Japan. The eastern portion of the prefecture lies on the Kanto Plain, north of Tokyo metropolis. The land rises toward the west, culminating ... [1 Related Articles]
- Saite dynasty
- (from the article "Egypt, ancient") The Saite dynasty generally pursued a foreign policy that avoided territorial expansion and tried to preserve the status quo. Assyria's power was waning. In 655 BC Psamtik I marched into ...
- Saito Makoto, Shishaku
- Japanese naval officer and statesman who was prime minister of Japan (1932-34) and twice governor-general of Korea (1919-27, 1929-31).
- Saito Mokichi
- (from the article "Japanese literature") ...on new life, thanks largely to the efforts of Masaoka Shiki, a distinguished late 19th-century poet in both forms but of even greater importance as a critic. Yosano Akiko, Ishikawa ...
- saivo
- one of the Sami regions of the dead, where the deceased, called saivoolmak, lead happy lives in the saivo world with their families and ancestors; they build tents, hunt, fish, ...
- saj'
- (from the article "Arabic literature") ...prose but the inimitable Qur'an. The fact that the Qur'an showed most of the features of a characteristic form of pre-Islamic discourse known as saj' (usually translated ...
- Saji, Keizo
- Japanese businessman and tastemaker who helped change the national custom of drinking sake to that of imbibing hard liquor, primarily whisky and beer, while serving as president from 1961 to ...
- Saka
- (from the article "India") The Bactrian control of Taxila was disturbed by an intrusion of the Scythians, known in Indian sources as the Shakas (who established the Shaka satrap). They had attacked the kingdom ...
- Saka era
- (from the article "chronology") The Saka, or Salivahana, era (AD 78), now used throughout India, is the most important of all. It has been used not only in many Indian inscriptions but also in ...
- Saka language
- Middle Iranian language spoken in Sinkiang, in northwestern China, by the Saka tribes. Two dialectal varieties are distinguished. Khotanese, from the kingdom of Khotan, is richly attested by Buddhist and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Saka Satrap
- either of two dynasties of satraps in northwestern India who ruled with considerable independence on behalf of the Pahlava suzerains. The two families are both known to Indian literature as ... [1 Related Articles]
- sakadagamin
- (from the article "arhat") ...the Buddha, the teaching (dhamma), and the order (sangha), (2) the "once-returner" (sakadagamin), who will be reborn only once in this ...
- Sakai
- city, Osaka fu (urban prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on Osaka Bay. Many large earthen tomb mounds in the area attest to the city's antiquity. The mausoleum of the emperor Nintoku-1,594 feet ... [2 Related Articles]
- Sakai Hoitsu
- Japanese painter and poet of the late Tokugawa period (1603-1867).
- Sakai Toshihiko
- socialist leader and one of the founders of the Japan Communist Party.
- Sakaida Family
- celebrated family of Japanese potters whose founder, Sakaida Kizaemon (1596-1666), was awarded the name Kakiemon in recognition of his capturing the delicate red colour and texture of the persimmon (kaki) ... [1 Related Articles]
- Sakaida Kakiemon I
- (from the article "Kakiemon ware") ...these shapes give less evidence of warping in the kiln than do circular ones. Wares were painted in a pale underglaze blue until the family learned the Chinese secret of ...
- Sakaide
- city, Kagawa ken (prefecture), Shikoku, Japan, facing the Inland Sea. The city has been a centre of salt manufacture since the early 17th century. Part of the salt fields were ...
- Sakakah
- oasis, northwestern Saudi Arabia. It lies on an old caravan route from the Mediterranean Sea coast to the central and southern parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Sakakah lies north of ...
- sakaki
- low-spreading, flowering evergreen tree (Cleyera ochnacea), of the family Pentaphylacaceae, used in Shinto to demarcate or decorate sacred spaces. The tree, which grows in warm areas of Japan, Korea, Taiwan, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Sakakura Junzo
- architect who was one of the first to combine 20th-century European architecture with elements from the traditional Japanese style.
- Sakalava
- a Malagasy people living in the western third of Madagascar. The Sakalava live in a sparsely populated area of vast plains, grasslands, and rolling foothills. [4 Related Articles]
- Sakamoto Ryoma
- noted imperial loyalist whose effort to forge the Satsuma-Choshu Alliance (1866) between those two large feudal domains, or hans, was critical in setting the stage for the Meiji Restoration (1868).
- Sakamoto, Ryuichi
- (from the article "1987: Other Winners") ...for The Last EmperorCinematography: Vittorio Storaro for The Last EmperorArt Direction: Ferdinando Scarfiotti for The Last EmperorOriginal Score: David Byrne, Cong Su, Ryuichi Sakamoto for The Last EmperorOriginal Song: "(I've ...
- Sakarya
- city, northwestern Turkey, lying in a fertile plain west of the Sakarya River. It is situated along the old military road from Istanbul. The region came under Ottoman control in ...
- Sakarya River
- (from the article "Turkey") ...parallel to the east-west ranges of northern Turkey. These rivers include the Yenice (Filyos), Coruh, Kelkit, Yesil, and Kizil. One of the largest basins is that of the Sakarya River, ...
- Sakarya River, Battle of the
- (from the article "Turkey") ...principally by irregular forces, who at the end of 1920 were brought under Mustafa Kemal's control. In 1920-21 the Greeks made major advances, almost to Ankara, but were defeated at ...
- Sakata
- city, Yamagata ken (prefecture), northern Honshu, Japan, on the Mogami River. A prosperous commercial and fishing port during the Muromachi period (1338-1573), it later developed as a seaport for the ...
- Sakata Tojuro
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...the riverbed," as kabuki actors were called, to stage the art which had become the exclusive privilege of the warrior class. By Genroku times, new kabuki dramatic styles had emerged. ...
- Sakawa Orogeny
- (from the article "Cretaceous Period") ...and Mexico's Sierra Madre Oriental during the Late Cretaceous to Early Paleogene. In the South American Andean system, mountain building reached its climax in the mid-Late Cretaceous. In Japan the ...
- Sakcagoz
- village in the Southeastern Taurus Mountains some 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Gaziantep, south-central Turkey. Archaeologists first took note of Sakcagoz as the site of a Late Hittite slab ...
- Sakdal Uprising
- brief peasant rebellion in the agricultural area of central Luzon, Philippines, on the night of May 2-3, 1935. Though quickly crushed, the revolt of the Sakdals (or Sakdalistas) warned of ...
- sakdi na
- (from the article "Trailok") ...finance, lands and agriculture, and justice and the royal household. He further stabilized the structure of Thai society by assigning all officials and all his subjects a numerical rank (sakdi ...
- sake
- Japanese alcoholic beverage made from fermented rice. Sake is light in colour, is noncarbonated, has a sweet flavour, and contains up to 18 percent alcohol. [2 Related Articles]
- Sakel, Manfred J.
- Polish neurophysiologist and psychiatrist who introduced insulin-shock therapy for schizophrenia. [2 Related Articles]
- saker
- (from the article "falconry") ...and broadwings. The hawks in each of these three categories display different traits because of adaptation to their hunting environments and prey. Longwings are falcons, such as the peregrine, the ...
- Saker, Alfred
- missionary who established the first British mission in the Cameroons and who was, in the opinion of David Livingstone, the most important English missionary in West Africa. Saker founded the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Sakesar, Mount
- (from the article "Pakistan") The Salt Range is an extremely arid territory that marks the boundary between the submontane region and the Indus River plain to the south. The highest point of the Salt ...
- Sakha
- one of the major peoples of eastern Siberia, numbering some 380,000 in the late 20th century. In the 17th century they inhabited a limited area on the middle Lena River, ... [10 Related Articles]
- Sakha
- republic in far northeastern Russia, in northeastern Siberia. The republic occupies the basins of the great rivers flowing to the Arctic Ocean-the Lena, Yana, Indigirka, and Kolyma-and includes the New ... [3 Related Articles]
- Sakha language
- member of the Turkic subfamily of the Altaic language family, spoken in northeastern Siberia (Sakha republic), in northeastern Russia. Because its speakers have been geographically isolated from other Turkic languages ... [1 Related Articles]
- Sakhalin
- oblast (province), extreme eastern Russia, composed of Sakhalin Island and the chain of the Kuril Islands. The present oblast was formed in 1947 after southern Sakhalin and the Kurils were ...
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