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Societe Anonyme des artistes, peintres, sculpteurs, graveurs, etc. ... sodium polysulfide

Societe Anonyme des artistes, peintres, sculpteurs, graveurs, etc.: (from the article "art criticism") ...radical new theories of painting, taking on the role of critical advocacy at a time when contemporary critics were often not supportive of avant-garde developments. In 1874 they organized the ...
Societe Asiatique: (from the article "Roy, Ram Mohun") ...knowledge, who supports the universe. By translating the sacred Sanskrit Upanishads into modern Bengali, Roy violated a long-standing tradition, but, in appreciation of his translations, the French Societe Asiatique in ...
Societe Film d'Art: (from the article "motion picture, history of the") ...du duc de Guise ("The Assassination of the Duke of Guise," 1908), directed by Charles Le Bargy and Andre Calmettes of the Comedie Francaise for the Societe Film d'Art, which ...
Societe Generale: major French commercial bank operating a general-banking and foreign-exchange business worldwide. Headquarters are in Paris.
Societe Liegeoise de Litterature Wallonne: (from the article "Belgian literature") ...and the first great Walloon lyric poet, Nicolas Defrecheux, his famous "Leyiz-m'plorer" (1854; "Let Me Weep"). The establishment at Liege, in 1856, of the Societe Liegeoise de Litterature Wallonne had ...
Societe Miniere de Mauritanie: (from the article "Mauritania") The copper deposits of Akjoujt are extensive, with a copper content of more than 2 percent. Exploitation was begun in 1969 by Somima (Societe Miniere de Mauritanie), of which 54 ...
Societe Nationale des Chemins de Fer Francais: state-owned railroad system of France, formed in 1938. The first railroad in France, from Saint-Etienne to Andrezieux, opened in 1827. A line from Saint-Etienne to Lyon was completed in 1832. ... [2 Related Articles]
society: (from the article "automation") Besides affecting individual workers, automation has an impact on society in general. Productivity is a fundamental economic issue that is influenced by automation. The productivity of a process is traditionally ...
Society Hill: (from the article "art conservation and restoration") ...erstwhile owners may then be allowed to remain in residence on condition of the repair and rehabilitation of their buildings to a specified standard. In this way, whole areas of ...
Society Islands: archipelago within French Polynesia in the central South Pacific Ocean. Extending some 450 miles (725 km) in length, it is divided into two island clusters, the Iles du Vent (Windward ... [4 Related Articles]
society, orders of: (from the article "Europe, history of") ...which members of an order of experienced and determined warriors concentrated control of land in their own hands and coerced a largely free peasantry into subjection. Thus did the idea ...
socii: (from the article "civitas") ...own local affairs while enjoying most rights of Roman citizenship except the right to vote. Also, Latin allies who moved to Rome permanently gained full citizenship, including the franchise. The ...
socii et amici populi Romani: (from the article "foedus") ...both their local autonomy and their freedom from payment of tribute; this was especially true in the western provinces of the empire (after 27 BC). Certain peoples and rulers, however, ...
Socinian: member of a Christian group in the 16th century that embraced the thought of the Italian-born theologian Faustus Socinus. The Socinians referred to themselves as "brethren" and were known by ... [4 Related Articles]
Socinus, Faustus: theologian whose anti-Trinitarian theology was later influential in the development of Unitarian theology. [2 Related Articles]
Socinus, Laelius: Italian theologian whose anti-Trinitarian views were developed into the doctrine of Socinianism by his nephew Faustus Socinus. [1 Related Articles]
Socio-Economic Council: (from the article "Netherlands, The") ...organizations far behind in membership. Employer organizations and labour unions are represented on the Joint Industrial Labour Council, established in 1945 for collective bargaining, and on the Social and Economic ...
sociobiology: the systematic study of the biological basis of social behaviour. The term sociobiology was popularized by the American biologist Edward O. Wilson in his book Sociobiology: The New Synthesis (1975). ... [4 Related Articles]
sociocracy: (from the article "Ward, Lester Frank") ...the United States. An optimist who believed that the social sciences had already given mankind the information basic to happiness, Ward advocated a planned, or "telic," society ("sociocracy") in which ...
sociolinguistics: the study of the sociological aspects of language. The discipline concerns itself with the part language plays in maintaining the social roles in a community. Sociolinguists attempt to isolate those ... [3 Related Articles]
sociological intelligence: (from the article "intelligence") Information on a nation's social stratification, value systems, beliefs, and other social characteristics are of crucial value in assessing nations such as South Africa, the Soviet Union, or Israel, where ...
sociological jurisprudence: (from the article "Pound, Roscoe") American jurist, botanist, and educator, chief advocate of "sociological jurisprudence" and a leader in the reform of court administration in the United States.Western philosophy of law
sociology: a social science that studies human societies, their interactions, and the processes that preserve and change them. It does this by examining the dynamics of constituent parts of societies such ... [23 Related Articles]
sociometry: measurement techniques used in social psychology, in sociology, and sometimes in social anthropology and psychiatry based on the assessment of social choice and interpersonal attractiveness. The term is closely associated ... [2 Related Articles]
sociotomy: (from the article "termite") ...division or accidental separation of part of a colony from an original nest. When this occurs, supplementary reproductives take over as the reproductive pair. Another method of colony formation is ...
socket bayonet: (from the article "bayonet") ...and if driven in too tightly, it could not easily be removed. Before 1689 a new bayonet was developed with loose rings on the haft to fit around the muzzle. ...
socket wrench: (from the article "wrench") When a nut or a bolt head is in a recess below the surface of a bolted member, a socket wrench must be used; this is essentially a short pipe ...
sockeye salmon: North Pacific food fish of the family Salmonidae that lacks distinct spots on the body. It weighs about 3 kg (6.6 pounds); however, some specimens may weigh as much as ... [1 Related Articles]
socle: (from the article "South Asian arts") The sanctum is often set on a raised base, or a plinth (pitha), above which is a foundation block, or socle (vedibandha), decorated with a distinct series of moldings; above ...
Soconusco: region, southwestern Chiapas state, southeastern Mexico, extending northwest from the border of Guatemala. Much of the fertile area is occupied by the Sierra Madre de Chiapas (also called the Sierra ...
Socorro: (from the article "Latin America, history of") ...mestizos (as was in fact Tupac Amaru himself), and some were even Creoles from the middle levels of local society. The Comunero Rebellion in Colombia began in 1780 in the ...
Socorro: city, seat (1852) of Socorro county, central New Mexico, U.S. It lies along the Rio Grande. The site, originally occupied by a Piro Indian village, was visited by a Spanish ...
Socorro: county, central New Mexico, U.S. The Rio Grande winds southward through the county. East of the river valley are the Los Pinos Mountains, the Jornada del Muerto desert, and the ...
Socorro: (from the article "Revillagigedo Islands") ...mainland. The islands are administered by Colima state, Mexico. Covering a total land area of 320 square miles (830 square km), the archipelago consists of numerous volcanic islands. The largest, ...
Socotra: island in the Indian Ocean about 210 miles (340 km) southeast of Yemen, to which it belongs. The largest of several islands extending eastward from the Horn of Africa, it ... [1 Related Articles]
Socratea exorrhiza: (from the article "palm") ...such as the coconut and babassu palms, are pollinated by both insects and wind. Beetles are implicated in Astrocaryum mexicanum, Bactris, Cryosophila albida, Rhapidophyllum hystrix, and Socratea exorrhiza. Syrphus flies ...
Socrates: Byzantine church historian whose annotated chronicle, Historia ecclesiastica ("Ecclesiastical History"), is an indispensable documentary source for Christian history from 305 to 439. Through excerpts from the 6th-century Latin translation ascribed ... [2 Related Articles]
Socrates: Greek philosopher whose way of life, character, and thought exerted a profound influence on ancient and modern philosophy. [21 Related Articles]
Socrates, Jose: (from the article "Portugal") Area: 92,090 sq km (35,556 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 10,629,000 | Capital: Lisbon | Chief of state: President Anibal Cavaco Silva | Head of government: Prime Minister Jose ...
Socratic method: (from the article "Socrates") "Socratic method" has now come into general usage as a name for any educational strategy that involves cross-examination of students by their teacher. However, the method used by Socrates in ...
sod: (from the article "peshat") ...in reference to typological or allegorical interpretations), derash (meaning "search," in reference to biblical study according to the middot, or rules), and sod (meaning "secret," or mystical interpretation). The first ...
sod: (from the article "fruit farming") Two soil management practices (1) clean cultivation and chemical weed control or both and (2) permanent sod culture, illustrate contrasting purposes and effects. In clean cultivation or chemical weed control, ...
sod house: (from the article "Arctic") ...between taiga, tundra, and coast. Winter dwellings in the taiga were often semi-subterranean. They were lined with timber, with walls and roof also of timber, and were often insulated with ...
sod-forming crop: (from the article "crop rotation") ...at the Rothamsted experimental station in England in the mid-19th century, pointed to the usefulness of selecting rotation crops from three classifications: cultivated row, close-growing grains, and sod-forming, or rest, ...
Soda Lake: dry lake in San Bernardino county, southern California, U.S. Situated in the Mojave Desert, Soda Lake is part of what remains of the ancient Ice Age Lake Mojave. It is ... [1 Related Articles]
soda lime: white or grayish white granular mixture of calcium hydroxide with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Soda lime absorbs carbon dioxide and water vapour and deteriorates rapidly unless kept in airtight ...
soda process: (from the article "papermaking") ...Made by mechanical methods, groundwood pulp contains all the components of wood and thus is not suitable for papers in which high whiteness and permanence are required. Chemical wood pulps ...
soda-lime glass: most common form of glass produced. It is composed of about 70 percent silica (silicon dioxide), 15 percent soda (sodium oxide), and 9 percent lime (calcium oxide), with much smaller ... [5 Related Articles]
Sodalitas Danubiana: (from the article "Celtis, Conradus") ...and rhetoric at the University of Ingolstadt in 1491. In 1497 Maximilian I appointed him professor at Vienna University, where Celtis founded, on Italian models, a centre for humanistic studies, ...
sodalite: feldspathoid mineral, a chloride-containing sodium aluminosilicate that occurs with leucite and nepheline in such igneous rocks as nepheline syenite, trachyte, and phonolite. For chemical formula and detailed physical properties, see ... [1 Related Articles]
Sodano, Angelo Cardinal: (from the article "Vatican City State") ...44 ha (109 ac) | Population (2006 est.): 920; about 3,000 workers live outside the Vatican | Chief of state: (sovereign pontiff) Pope Benedict XVI | Head of administration: Secretaries ...
Sodasa: (from the article "India") ...(Parthians), who ruled briefly in northwestern India toward the end of the 1st century BCE, the reign of Gondophernes being remembered. At Mathura the Shaka rulers of note were Rajuvala ...
Soddy, Frederick: English chemist and recipient of the 1921 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for investigating radioactive substances and for elaborating the theory of isotopes. He is credited, along with others, with the ... [7 Related Articles]
Sodeke: (from the article "Abeokuta") Abeokuta ("Refuge Among Rocks") was founded about 1830 by Sodeke (Shodeke), a hunter and leader of the Egba refugees who fled from the disintegrating Oyo empire. The town was also ...
Soden, Hermann, Freiherr (baron) von: German biblical scholar who established a new theory of textual history of the New Testament. [1 Related Articles]
Soderbaum, Kristina: Swedish-born German film actress (b. Sept. 5, 1912, Stockholm, Swed.-d. Feb. 12, 2001, Hitzacker, Ger.), portrayed the Aryan ideal heroine in a series of films in the 1930s and '40s, ...
Soderberg, Hjalmar Erik Fredrik: Swedish novelist, critic, and short-story writer, noted for his elegant style and his ironic treatments of life's disappointments and inherent limitations. [1 Related Articles]
Soderbergh, Steven: Onetime independent film prodigy Steven Soderbergh had two films competing against one another in two categories at the 2001 Academy Awards. Both his David-versus-Goliath tale Erin Brockovich (2000) and his ... [2 Related Articles]
Soderblom, Nathan: Swedish Lutheran archbishop and theologian who in 1930 received the Nobel Prize for Peace for his efforts to further international understanding through church unity. [3 Related Articles]
Sodergran, Edith: Swedish-Finnish poet whose expressionistic work influenced a generation of Finnish and Swedish writers. [1 Related Articles]
Soderini, Piero di Tommaso: Florentine statesman during the late 15th and early 16th centuries. [2 Related Articles]
Sodermanland: lan (county) of east-central Sweden. It lies along the Baltic Sea near Stockholm and is bounded by Lake Malar and Lake Hjalmar. Its area consists of most of the traditional ...
Sodertalje: town, in the lan (county) of Stockholm, east-central Sweden. It lies between a bay of Lake Malar and the Baltic Sea, southwest of Stockholm. The town, formerly called simply Talje, ...
Sodertalje Canal: (from the article "Sodermanland") ...fertile soils. Grain and fruit are grown, and there is some stock raising and dairying. Industries include iron mining, woodworking, and papermaking. The lan gains importance from the Sodertalje Canal ...
Sodhi: (from the article "Sikhism") ...the Sikh community. Particularly skilled in hymn singing, Guru Ram Das stressed the importance of this practice, which remains an important part of Sikh worship. A member of the Khatri ...
sodic amphibole group: (from the article "amphibole") ...principal subdivisions based on B-group cation occupancy: (1) the iron-magnesium-manganese amphibole group, (2) the calcic amphibole group, (3) the sodic-calcic amphibole group, and (4) the sodic amphibole group. The chemical ...
sodic series: (from the article "igneous rock") ...magma consolidation after tholeiitic eruptions) and in continental rifts (extensive fractures). Based on the relative proportions of soda and potash, the calc-alkalic series is subdivided into the sodic and potassic ...
sodic-calcic amphibole group: (from the article "amphibole") ...of the amphiboles is divided into four principal subdivisions based on B-group cation occupancy: (1) the iron-magnesium-manganese amphibole group, (2) the calcic amphibole group, (3) the sodic-calcic amphibole group, and ...
sodium: chemical element of Group 1 (Ia) of the periodic table (the alkali metal group). Sodium is a very soft, silvery-white metal. Sodium is the most common alkali metal and the ... [39 Related Articles]
sodium acid oxalate: (from the article "carboxylic acid") ...result they can yield two kinds of salts. For example, if oxalic acid, HOOCCOOH, is half-neutralized with sodium hydroxide, NaOH (i.e., the acid and base are in a 1:1 molar ...
sodium aluminosilicate: (from the article "Processing additives and their uses") ...widespread and abundant in alkali and acidic igneous rocks (particularly syenites, granites, and granodiorites), in pegmatites, and in gneisses. The alkali feldspars may be regarded as mixtures of sodium aluminosilicate ...
sodium arsenite: (from the article "weed") ...in the late 1800s, and this practice soon spread throughout Europe. Sulfates and nitrates of copper and iron were used; sulfuric acid proved even more effective. Application was by spraying. ...
sodium bentonite: (from the article "bentonite") Sodium bentonites absorb large quantities of water, swelling to many times their original volume, and give rise to permanent suspensions of gellike masses. These have been used to seal dams; ...
sodium benzoate: (from the article "carboxylic acid") ...form. It is also a constituent of the urine of certain animals, especially horses, as an amide of glycine called hippuric acid, C₆H₅CONHCH₂COOH. The sodium salt, sodium benzoate, is used ...
sodium bicarbonate: (from the article "Processing additives and their uses") ...using carbon dioxide gas under moderate pressure in a different type of tower. These two processes yield ammonium bicarbonate and sodium chloride, the double decomposition of which gives the desired ...
sodium bifluoride: (from the article "chemical industry") ...agents that make fabric easy to wash. The salt sodium fluoroacetate is an extremely powerful rodenticide; it has been reported to give good control of rats, but it must be ...
sodium carbonate: (from the article "fat and oil processing") Many of these can be removed by treating fats at 40° to 85° C (104° to 185° F) with an aqueous solution of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) or soda ash ...
sodium channel: (from the article "nervous system") Voltage-sensitive sodium channels have been characterized with respect to their subunit structure and their amino acid sequences. The principal protein component is a glycoprotein containing 1,820 amino acids. Four similar ...
sodium chloride structure: (from the article "mineral") ...widely varied origins. The most common are halite (NaCl), sylvite (KCl), chlorargyrite (AgCl), cryolite (Na₃AlF₆), fluorite (CaF₂), and atacamite. The structure of sodium chloride is illustrated in Figure 11A. By ...
sodium deficiency: condition in which sodium is insufficient or is not utilized properly. Sodium is an element that functions with chlorine and bicarbonate to maintain a balance of positive and negative ions ... [2 Related Articles]
sodium depletion: (from the article "nutritional disease") ...even without added table salt (sodium chloride). Furthermore, the body's sodium-conservation mechanisms are highly developed, and thus sodium deficiency is rare, even for those on low-sodium diets. Sodium depletion may ...
sodium dichromate: (from the article "chromium processing") About 25 percent of the chromium chemicals produced go into chrome tanning of leather. This process uses chrome reagents in the form of basic chromic sulfates that, in turn, are ...
sodium dinitrocresylate: (from the article "weed") ...plantations in the tropics, this hazardous material was used in tremendous quantities, often resulting in the poisoning of animals and occasionally humans. Diesel oil, as a general herbicide, and sodium ...
sodium dodecyl sulfate: (from the article "separation and purification") ...separated by gel sieving. In this technique, the protein is denatured (i.e., its higher structural features are destroyed) and combined with an excess of detergent, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate ...
sodium erythorbate: (from the article "meat processing") Sodium erythorbate or ascorbate is another common curing additive. It not only decreases the risks associated with the use of nitrite but also improves cured meat colour development. Other common ...
sodium fluoride: (from the article "Industrial chemicals") Treatment of caries includes attention to diet, often entailing the avoidance of sweets, and care of the teeth by cleansing and by restoring teeth that have cavities. The addition of ...
sodium fluoroacetate: (from the article "chemical industry") Fluorinated compounds are also used in textile treatments; some are soil-release agents that make fabric easy to wash. The salt sodium fluoroacetate is an extremely powerful rodenticide; it has been ...
sodium fluoroaluminate: (from the article "chemical industry") ...is intimately related to the production of aluminum. Alumina (aluminum oxide, Al₂O₃) can be reduced to metallic aluminum by electrolysis when fused with a flux consisting of sodium fluoroaluminate (Na₃AlF₆), ...
sodium hydroxide: (from the article "fat and oil processing") Many of these can be removed by treating fats at 40° to 85° C (104° to 185° F) with an aqueous solution of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) or soda ash ...
sodium hypochlorite: (from the article "Industrial chemicals") ...sodium hydroxide by electrolytic decomposition and in the production of sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) by the Solvay process. The electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride produces sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, a compound of ...
sodium inactivation: (from the article "nervous system") As instantaneous as the opening of sodium channels at threshold potential is their closing at the peak of action potential. This is called sodium inactivation, and it is caused by ...
sodium iodide: (from the article "spectroscopy") The first X-ray detector used was photographic film; it was found that silver halide crystallites would darken when exposed to X-ray radiation. Alkali halide crystals such as sodium iodide combined ...
sodium ion: (from the article "Processes affecting the major chemical components of groundwater") In brine, the two substances susceptible to chemical reduction are positively charged sodium ions and neutral water molecules. At a reversible cathode, reduction of sodium ions requires a higher voltage ...
sodium methoxide: (from the article "organohalogen compound") ...are practical only when the alkyl halide is primary. The principal reaction observed when a strong base reacts with a secondary or tertiary alkyl halide is elimination, as in the ...
sodium methyldithiocarbamate: (from the article "wilt") ...spread from tree to tree by natural underground root grafts, sap- and fungus-feeding insects, and possibly by squirrels. Control measures include prompt removal of diseased trees, injecting Vapam (sodium methyldithiocarbamate) ...
sodium oxalate: (from the article "carboxylic acid") ...is still present in the compound, it has the properties of both a salt and an acid. Full neutralization (treatment of oxalic acid with NaOH in a 1:2 acid-to-base molar ...
sodium oxide: (from the article "soda-lime glass") most common form of glass produced. It is composed of about 70 percent silica (silicon dioxide), 15 percent soda (sodium oxide), and 9 percent lime (calcium oxide), with much smaller ...
sodium pentothal: (from the article "anesthetic") Many short operations can be carried out under anesthesia produced by injecting an agent such as the barbiturate sodium thiopental (Pentothal) into a vein, either as a single dose or ...
sodium perborate: (from the article "soap and detergent") ...alkaline materials (builders) are almost universally present in laundry soaps, functioning to increase detergency. The most important are sodium silicate (water glass), sodium carbonate (soda ash), sodium perborate, and various ...
sodium peroxide: (from the article "alkali metal") ...can be made by passing oxygen through a liquid-ammonia solution of the alkali metal, although sodium peroxide is made commercially by oxidation of sodium monoxide with oxygen. Sodium superoxide (NaO₂) ...
sodium polysulfide: (from the article "polysulfide") ...in which n is a number from 3 to 10 or more; these compounds usually are prepared by dissolving sulfur in solutions containing the sulfide ion, S²^-. Sodium polysulfides are ...