building material made by compacting certain soils, used by many civilizations. The most durable of the earth-building forms, rammed earth may be used for making building blocks or for constructing ... [2 Related Articles]
city, capital of Valcea judet (county), south-central Romania, on the Olt River. Documented as a town in the late 14th century, it was a local market town during the Middle ...
American engineer who made notable contributions to electronics and was chief scientist (1954-58) of the U.S. intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) program.
count of Barcelona during whose reign (1097-1131) independent Catalonia reached the summit of its historical greatness, spreading its ships over the western Mediterranean and acquiring new lands from the southern ...
(from the article "Ramon Berenguer IV") ...this son died, his brother Ramon Berenguer IV acted as regent (conventionally with the title Ramon Berenguer II of Provence) until the legitimate heir, his young nephew, reached majority in ...
(from the article "Spain") The demise of Islamic rule allowed the Christian states to breathe easily again. The ensuing civil wars among the Muslims enabled Ramon Borrell, count of Barcelona (992-1018), to avenge past ...
Spanish histologist who (with Camillo Golgi) received the 1906 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for establishing the neuron, or nerve cell, as the basic unit of nervous structure. This ... [2 Related Articles]
Israeli pilot and astronaut (b. June 20, 1954, Ramat Gan, Israel-d. Feb. 1, 2003, over Texas), was Israel's first astronaut and a payload specialist on the space shuttle Columbia. Ramon, ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Italian literature") ...in Fascist Italy). Francesca Duranti writes about a male character's recollections of a house in La casa sul lago della luna (1984; The House on Moon Lake). Fabrizia Ramondino, in ...
American musician and songwriter (b. Sept. 18, 1952, Fort Lee, Va.-d. June 5, 2002, Hollywood, Calif.), was a founder and the principal songwriter of the punk rock pioneers the Ramones ...
American rock singer (b. May 19, 1951, New York, N.Y.-d. April 15, 2001, New York), was the lead singer for the influential punk rock band the Ramones. Founded in 1974, ...
American rock musician (b. Oct. 8, 1948, Long Island, N.Y.-d. Sept. 15, 2004, Los Angeles, Calif.), cofounded the legendary punk band the Ramones in 1974. His guitar work on songs ...
American band that influenced the rise of punk rock on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. The original members were Joey Ramone (byname of Jeffrey Hyman; b. May 19, 1951, ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Sakdal Uprising") The Sakdal (Tagalog: "Accuse") movement was founded in 1930 by Benigno Ramos, a discontented former government clerk. Drawing strength from illiterate, landless peasants, the movement advocated a drastic reduction of ...
military leader and politician who was president of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. He was generally regarded as one of the most effective presidents in that nation's history. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Fashions") "Size zero" became front-page news in September when model Luisel Ramos collapsed on a runway during Uruguay's Fashion Week moments after being applauded by spectators; she later died from heart ...
(from the article "Mexico") The country's best-known writers have gained their reputations by dealing with questions of universal significance, as did Samuel Ramos, whose philosophical speculations on humanity and culture in Mexico influenced post-1945 ...
East Timorese political activist who, along with Bishop Carlos F.X. Belo, received the 1996 Nobel Prize for Peace for their efforts to bring peace and independence to East Timor, a ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "mining") Another way of gaining access to the underground is through a ramp-that is, a tunnel driven downward from the surface. Internal ramps going from one level to another are also ...
(from the article "mountain") Faults along which a slice of continental crust is torn from the rest of the continent and thrust onto it are called ramp overthrusts. When the fault first forms, it ...
(from the article "tectonic basins and rift valleys") As previously noted, these depressions are similar to rift valleys, but they have been formed by the opposite process-crustal shortening. A ramp valley develops when blocks of crust are thrust ...
French flutist who brought the flute to new prominence as a concert instrument and demonstrated the appropriateness of the flute as a solo instrument adaptable to a wide range of ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Mars") Rampart and pedestal craters may be unique to Mars. A rampart crater is so named because the lobes of ejecta-the material thrown out from the crater and extending around it-are ...
(from the article "Mackenzie River") ...is sometimes a navigation problem in late summer. South of the Indian village of Fort Good Hope, the Mackenzie narrows as it flows between 100- to 150-foot perpendicular limestone cliffs ...
(from the article "toucan") The toucan's name is derived from tucano, a native Brazilian term for the bird. The largest toucans, up to 60 cm (24 inches) long, are Ramphastos species. An example common ...
(from the article "passeriform") The mandibles of passerines, like those of all other birds, are composed of bone covered with a horny sheath, the ramphotheca. The ramphotheca is worn down by normal use and, ...
any member of the genus Phyteuma, of the bellflower family (Campanulaceae), consisting of about 40 species of perennial plants with long, clustered, hornlike buds and flowers. The genus is native ...
(from the article "bellflower") ...flowers. Peach-leaved bellflower (C. persicifolia), found in Eurasian woodlands and meadows, produces slender-stemmed spikes, 30 to 90 cm tall, of long-stalked, outward-facing bells. Rampion (C. rapunculus), a Eurasian and North ...
city, northwestern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. The city lies along the Kosi River, at a road and rail junction. A trade centre for grain and other agricultural products, its ...
(from the article "South Asian arts") ...and the animal lacks the verve of the other animals-features, according to some, designating it as an early work, executed before the Maurya style attained its maturity. By contrast, the ...
(from the article "Leopold I") The long peace that followed gave Leopold the chance to use his considerable organizational talents. Introducing the iron ramrod (wooden ones tended to break in the heat of battle), the ...
(from the article "Shahpura") ...and agricultural mart. A walled town, Shahpura was founded about 1629 and was named after the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, who reigned from 1628 to 1658. The town was the ...
(from the article "Townsend, Sir John Sealy Edward") ...electron swarms. He also deduced the collision cross section (probability) for momentum transfer in terms of the mean energy. Independently of the German physicist Carl Ramsauer, he discovered the Ramsauer-Townsend ...
(from the article "Edinburgh") The first attempt to revive the Old Town came in the 1890s, when Sir Patrick Geddes, a polymath and pioneer of urban planning, attempted to attract back the professional and ...
Scottish poet and literary antiquary who maintained national poetic traditions by writing Scots poetry and by preserving the work of earlier Scottish poets at a time when most Scottish writers ... [1 Related Articles]
British naval officer who, during World War II, oversaw the evacuation of British forces from Dunkirk in 1940 and then commanded the naval forces used in the Normandy Invasion (1944).
Notorious for his fiery temper and for his outbursts of profanities in the kitchen-and celebrated for his passion for fresh locally grown seasonal ingredients-world-renowned British chef and restaurateur Gordon Ramsay ...
(from the article "Golf") ...Sweden, and in the men's event The Netherlands won for the first time. Julien Guerrier gave France its first winner of the British men's amateur championship since 1981, but that ...
British physical chemist who discovered four gases (neon, argon, krypton, xenon) and showed that they (with helium and radon) formed an entire family of new elements, the noble gases. He ... [6 Related Articles]
third king of the 19th dynasty of Egypt, whose reign (1279-13 BC) was the second longest in Egyptian history. In addition to his wars with the Hittites and Libyans, he ... [20 Related Articles]
king of ancient Egypt (reigned 1187-56 BCE) who defended his country against foreign invasion in three great wars, thus ensuring tranquillity during much of his reign. In his final years, ... [7 Related Articles]
king of ancient Egypt (reigned 1156-50 BCE) who strove through extensive building activity to maintain Egypt's prosperity in an era of deteriorating internal and external conditions. [1 Related Articles]
king of Egypt (reigned 1108-04 BC), during whose poorly documented reign disorders that had become endemic under his predecessor continued. [1 Related Articles]
king of ancient Egypt (reigned 1104-1075? BCE), last king of the 20th dynasty (1190-1075 BCE), whose reign was marked by civil wars involving the high priest of Amon and the ... [2 Related Articles]
town (parish), Huntingdonshire district, administrative county of Cambridgeshire, historic county of Huntingdonshire, England. The town serves an intensively cultivated hinterland on the southwest border of the Fens, a reclaimed region ...
(from the article "Oswald Of York, Saint") ...Benedictine monastery at Westbury-on-Trym, Gloucestershire. About 965, when King Edgar (Eadgar) of the Mercians and Northumbrians ordered the establishment of many new monasteries, Oswald founded Ramsey Abbey, Huntingdonshire, on a ...
(from the article "combinatorics") If X = {1, 2, . . . , n}, and if T, the family of all subsets of X containing exactly r distinct elements, is divided into two mutually ...
(from the article "Wittgenstein, Ludwig") ...school teacher. Meanwhile, the Tractatus was published and attracted the attention of two influential groups of philosophers, one based in Cambridge and including R.B. Braithwaite and Frank Ramsey and the ...
(from the article "theism") ...of some theists today, the preoccupation with language is also combined with the existentialist stress on personal involvement and commitment. A good example of this approach is found in the ...
archbishop of Canterbury (1961-74), theologian, educator, and advocate of Christian unity. His meeting with Pope Paul VI (March 1966) was the first encounter between the leaders of the Roman Catholic ... [1 Related Articles]
American physicist who received one-half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1989 for his development of a technique to induce atoms to shift from one specific energy level to ...
British association football (soccer) player and manager who played for Southampton (1944-49), Tottenham Hotspur (1949-55), and 32 times for England (1948-53); as the cool, ever-confident manager (1963-74) of the England ...
town, Thanet district, administrative and historic county of county of Kent, England. It lies on the east coast and is the reputed landing place of the invading Anglo-Saxon warriors Hengist ...
(from the article "gastropod") ...of ponds, lakes, and rivers; 1 limpet group (Lancidae) and larger typical group (Lymnaeidae).Limpets (Ancylidae), ramshorns (Planorbidae), and pond snails (Physidae); all restricted to freshwater habitats.Planorbis
(from the article "Ramtha's School of Enlightenment") centre in rural Washington state for the study of the teachings of Ramtha, a spiritual being who is purportedly "channeled" by-i.e., speaks through the mediumship of-the school's leader, JZ Knight. ...
centre in rural Washington state for the study of the teachings of Ramtha, a spiritual being who is purportedly "channeled" by-i.e., speaks through the mediumship of-the school's leader, JZ Knight. ...
river on the island of New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, southwestern Pacific Ocean. One of the longest rivers in the country, it rises in the east on the Kratke Range ...
(from the article "jaw") The mandible consists of a horizontal arch, which holds the teeth and contains blood vessels and nerves. Two vertical portions (rami) form movable hinge joints on either side of the ...
Italian geographer who compiled an important collection of travel writings, Delle navigationi et viaggi (1550-59; "Some Voyages and Travels"), containing his version of Marco Polo's journey and the Descrittione de ... [1 Related Articles]
Swiss novelist whose realistic, poetic, and somewhat allegorical stories of man against nature made him one of the most prominent French-Swiss writers of the 20th century.
(from the article "Track and Field Sports") ...the year that extended the period of international championships ineligibility for athletes who change citizenship in future years, but two athletes who had already switched made history in 2005. Rashid ...
geographic region, northern Norway, surrounding the Rana Fjord. It is centred on the industrial town of Mo i Rana at the mouth of the Rana River, along which run the ...
(from the article "circulation") The conus arteriosus is muscular and contains a spiral valve. Again, as in lungfishes, this has an important role in directing blood into the correct arterial arches. In the frog, ...
(from the article "Jung Bahadur") ...the throne. Subsequently, he deposed and exiled both the king and the queen after they had attempted to have him assassinated. He was named prime minister for life and given ...
(from the article "India") ...into his hands. Chitor was constituted a district, and Asaf Khan was appointed its governor. But the western half of Mewar remained in the possession of Rana Udai Singh. Later, ...
(from the article "Babur") ...in disarray at the moment but with a formidable military potential. To the south were the kingdoms of Malwa and Gujarat, both with large resources, while in Rajasthan, Rana Sanga ...
one of India's Citpavan Brahmans of Maharashtra who was a judge of the High Court of Bombay, a noted historian, and an active participant in social and economic reform movements. [2 Related Articles]
lyric poet deeply influenced by Malagasy ballad and song forms, in particular the hain-teny, a poetic dialogue usually on the subject of love. Ranaivo also held a number of important ...
(from the article "Merina") ...He also instituted a policy of westernization and modernization, welcoming missionaries, European advisers, and Western education. This policy was reversed by his wife and successor, Queen Ranavalona I (reigned 1828-61), ...
city, north-central Chile. It lies in the Andean foothills along the Cachapoal River, south of Santiago. Founded as Villa Santa Cruz de Triana by Jose Antonio Manso de Velasco in ...
(from the article "O'Higgins, Bernardo") ...Soon he was also appointed governor of the province of Concepcion, in which the early fighting took place. But the war went badly, and O'Higgins was superseded in command. In ...
river, rising in the Landes du Mene, a chain of hills in Cotes-d'Armor departement, western France. It flows for 60 miles (97 km) past Dinan to form an estuary on ... [1 Related Articles]
French abbot who revived the Cistercian abbey of La Trappe, influenced the establishment of several important monasteries, and founded the reformed Cistercians, called Trappists, a community practicing extreme austerity of ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Myanmar") ...exile demanded that Aung San be tried as a traitor. Mountbatten, however, recognized the extent of Aung San's hold on the BNA and on the general populace, and he hastily ...
a farm, usually large, devoted to the breeding and raising of cattle, sheep, or horses on rangeland. Ranch farming, or ranching, originated in the imposition of European livestock-farming techniques onto ... [3 Related Articles]
type of residential building, characteristically built on one level, having a low roof and a rectangular open plan, with relatively little conventional demarcation of living areas.
(from the article "Cahita") The Cahita peoples lived in settlements called by the Spaniards rancherias, loose clusters of houses, usually of unrelated households. Each rancheria was autonomous, with an elder or group of elders ...
(from the article "Italian literature") ...Rainer Marie Rilke, Dino Campana, and Friedrich Holderlin; experimentalist Fernando Bandini, who was equally at home in Italian and Latin, to say nothing of his ancestral Veneto dialect; and Michele ...
city, capital of Jharkhand state, northeastern India, lying along the Subarnarekha River. With major rail and road connections, it is the centre of the region's agricultural, cotton, and tea trade. ...
(from the article "Chota Nagpur") plateau in eastern India, in Bihar state. The plateau is composed of Precambrian rocks (more than 540,000,000 years old). Chota Nagpur is the collective name for the Ranchi, Hazaribagh, and ...
(from the article "Argentina") Located on the estancias were widely dispersed ranchos, or simple adobe houses with dooryard gardens, which served as the headquarters of the
city, San Bernardino county, southern California, U.S. Part of the "Inland Empire" region (comprising San Bernardino and Riverside counties), it is located on an alluvial plain near the eastern end ...
(from the article "Roberts, John G., Jr.") ...President George W. Bush, and his bid again stalled. Bush resubmitted his name in 2003, and later that year he was finally confirmed by the Senate. Among Roberts's noted opinions ...
condition produced by aerial oxidation of unsaturated fat present in foods and other products, marked by unpleasant odour or flavour. When a fatty substance is exposed to air, its unsaturated ... [1 Related Articles]
monetary unit of South Africa. Each rand is divided into 100 cents. The South African Reserve Bank has the exclusive authority to issue coins and banknotes in the country. Coins ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "futurology") At the RAND Corporation in California during the 1950s, Herman Kahn and others pioneered the so-called scenario technique for analyzing the relationship between weapons development and military strategy. Later Kahn ...
former English-language newspaper published in Johannesburg. It crusaded against South Africa's racial segregation but, because of financial losses, ceased publication in 1985.
