| | - Rwagasore
- (from the article "Burundi") ...were held in 1961 and resulted in victory for UPRONA. Of the 64 legislative seats, the ethnically mixed party won 58, of which 22 were held by Hutu members of ...
- Rwanda
- landlocked republic lying south of the Equator in east-central Africa. It is bounded on the west by Congo (Kinshasa) and Lake Kivu, on the north by Uganda, on the east ... [35 Related Articles]
- Rwanda
- the peoples of the Republic of Rwanda, who speak an Interlacustrine Bantu language known as Rwanda. The Rwanda are divided into two main ethnic groups: the Hutu, traditionally farmers; and ...
- Rwanda language
- a Bantu language spoken by some eight million people primarily in Rwanda and to a lesser extent in Burundi, Congo (Kinshasa), Uganda, and Tanzania. The Bantu languages form a subgroup ... [1 Related Articles]
- Rwanda, flag of
- horizontally striped blue-yellow-green national flag. In its upper fly corner is a yellow sun with 24 rays. The flag's width-to-length ratio is approximately 1 to 2.
- Rwanda, history of
- (from the article "Rwanda") This discussion focuses on Rwanda from the 16th century. For a treatment of earlier periods and of the country in its regional context, see Central Africa, history of.African Union
- Rwanda, Kingdom of
- (from the article "eastern Africa") ...into castes of differing social prestige. In theory, but apparently not in practice, people of one caste were not allowed to marry members of another. Ranking of castes can be ...
- Rwandan Patriotic Front
- (from the article "Rwanda") Tension between the Hutu and Tutsi flared in 1990, when the Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front (Front Patriotique Rwandais; FPR) rebels invaded from Uganda. A cease-fire was negotiated in early 1991, ...
- rya rug
- floor covering handmade in Sweden and Finland using techniques resembling those employed in Oriental carpets but having extremely long, recumbent pile and great flexibility. In one Swedish type the nap ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ryabushinsky Family
- family of wealthy Russian industrialists. Descended from peasants, they successfully invested in textiles, land, and banking in the 19th and early 20th centuries. They were prominent in liberal politics prior ...
- Ryabushinsky, Mikhayl Y.
- (from the article "Ryabushinsky Family") Mikhayl Y. Ryabushinsky purchased a fabric store in Moscow in 1844 and two years later opened a cloth factory. His sons, Pavel and Vasily Mikhaylovich Ryabushinsky, expanded the business, eventually ...
- Ryabushinsky, Pavel Pavlovich
- (from the article "Ryabushinsky Family") Pavel Pavlovich Ryabushinsky (1871-1924), the oldest brother and, from 1894, head of the family's business concerns, opened the first Russian automotive factory in Moscow in 1916. A staunch supporter of ...
- Ryabushinsky, Vasily Mikhaylovich
- (from the article "Ryabushinsky Family") Mikhayl Y. Ryabushinsky purchased a fabric store in Moscow in 1844 and two years later opened a cloth factory. His sons, Pavel and Vasily Mikhaylovich Ryabushinsky, expanded the business, eventually ...
- ryadovoy
- (from the article "Red Army") ...1946 the word Red was removed from the name of the armed forces. Thus, a Soviet soldier, hitherto known as a krasnoarmiich ("Red Army man"), was subsequently called simply a ...
- ryal
- (from the article "coin") ...cross with considerable ornamentation. The weight of the noble was reduced by Henry IV in face of foreign competition. Edward IV distinguished his noble by a rose on the ship ...
- Ryan, Claude
- Canadian politician and journalist (b. Jan. 26, 1925, Montreal, Que.-d. Feb. 9, 2004, Montreal), led the Liberal Party in Quebec province from 1978 to 1982; a committed federalist, he helped ...
- Ryan, George
- (from the article "United States") ...legislation. Kentucky's governor was indicted on misdemeanor charges of having hired workers on the basis of their political loyalties, but the charges were later dropped. Former Illinois governor George Ryan ...
- Ryan, Kay
- Quintessentially American poet Kay Ryan, who wrote punchy, wry verses about commonplace things with consummate craft, humour, and intelligence, in 2008 was named the 16th U.S. poet laureate. Her lines ...
- Ryan, Leo
- (from the article "Jones, Jim") On Nov. 14, 1978, U.S. Rep. Leo Ryan of California arrived in Guyana with a group of newsmen and relatives of cultists to conduct an unofficial investigation of alleged abuses. ...
- Ryan, Meg
- (from the article "Hanks, Tom") ...dramatic performances in Saving Private Ryan (1998), which was directed by Steven Spielberg, and Cast Away (2000). He teamed with actress Meg Ryan for ...
- Ryan, Nolan
- American professional right-handed baseball pitcher who in 1983 became the first pitcher to surpass Walter Johnson's record of 3,508 career strikeouts, set in 1927. He retired in 1993 at age ... [3 Related Articles]
- Ryan, T. Claude
- American airline entrepreneur and aircraft manufacturer who designed the plane from which Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis was built.
- Ryan, Thomas Fortune
- American financier who played a key role in numerous mergers and business reorganizations that took place about the turn of the 20th century, including those resulting in the creation of ...
- Ryan, Tommy
- (from the article "McCoy, Kid") A former sparring partner of welterweight champion Tommy Ryan, McCoy pleaded with Ryan for a title match as a benefit for himself, asserting that he was in ill health and ...
- Ryan, Tony
- Irish aviation entrepreneur founded (1985) Ryanair, which by 2007 was one of Europe's most successful budget airlines, with over 500 routes across the continent. After working (1956-75) as a manager ...
- Ryan, William B. F.
- (from the article "ocean") ...to plate movements, isolated the Mediterranean Sea. Subsequently, the sea dried up, leaving evaporite deposits on its floor. The Swiss geologist Kenneth J. Hsu and the American oceanographer William B.F. ...
- Ryania angustifolia
- (from the article "Malpighiales") ...wood popular among woodworkers. It is often substituted for true boxwood, Buxus sempervirens, a member of the order Buxales, in the making of veneers, carvings, and keyboards. Ryania angustifolia, of ...
- Ryazan
- medieval Russian principality from the 12th to the early 16th century. Ryazan became an independent princedom early in the 12th century under Yaroslav, the son of the grand prince Svyatoslav ...
- Ryazan
- ', oblast (province), western Russia. It occupies an area of 15,300 square miles (39,600 square km) in the middle Oka River basin and extends southward across the northern end of ...
- Ryazan
- ', city and administrative centre of Ryazan oblast (province), western Russia. It lies along the Oka River on the site of the ancient town of Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky, about 120 miles (193 ...
- Rybakov, Anatoly
- Russian author whose novels of life in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin's dictatorship were published-and became popular-after the institution of glasnost in the late 1980s. [2 Related Articles]
- Rybinsk
- city, Yaroslavl oblast (province), northwestern Russia, on the Volga River. The 12th-century village of Rybnaya sloboda became the town of Rybinsk in 1777. Its river port flourished after the opening ...
- Rybinsk Reservoir
- large artificial body of water on the upper Volga River, northwestern Russia, formed by two dams on the Volga and its tributary, the Sheksna. The project began in 1935, the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Rybnik
- city, southwestern Slaskie wojewodztwo (province), southern Poland, on the Nacyna River. Situated in a sub-Carpathian valley in a forested area of the Upper Silesian coalfields, Rybnik has ...
- Rydberg constant
- (symbol R∞), fundamental constant of atomic physics that appears in the formulas developed (1890) by the Swedish physicist J. R. Rydberg, describing the wavelengths or frequencies of light in various ... [5 Related Articles]
- Rydberg state
- (from the article "spectroscopy") ...requires a complex laser scheme. Another useful type of RIS scheme is shown in Figure 14C. In this method the atom is excited to a level very near the ionization ...
- Rydberg, Johannes Robert
- Swedish physicist for whom the Rydberg constant in spectroscopy is named. [5 Related Articles]
- Rydberg, Viktor
- author of the Romantic school who, with his broad range of achievements, greatly influenced Swedish cultural life. [1 Related Articles]
- Ryde
- town on the northeastern coast of the Isle of Wight, historic county of Hampshire, England, opposite Portsmouth on the mainland. It is located on the site of a former village ...
- Ryder Cup
- biennial professional team golf event first held in 1927. It was played between teams of golfers from the United States and Great Britain until the 1970s, when the British team ... [4 Related Articles]
- Ryder, Albert Pinkham
- American painter, noted for his highly personal seascapes and mystical allegorical scenes. [2 Related Articles]
- Ryder, Loren
- (from the article "1938: Other Winners") ...for Snow White and the Seven DwarfsHonorary Award: Jan Domela, Farciot Edouart, Loyal Griggs, Dev Jennings, Gordon Jennings, Louis H. Mesenkop, Harry Mills, Walter Oberst, Irmin Roberts, Loren Ryder, and ...
- Ryder, Samuel
- (from the article "Ryder Cup") The trophy was donated by Samuel Ryder, a British seed merchant, for a biennial golf competition to alternate between British and U.S. venues. The players for each side were chosen ...
- Rydz-Smigly, Marshal Edward
- (from the article "World War II") ...same time, nearly another one-third of Poland's forces were massed in reserve in the north-central part of the country, between Lodz and Warsaw, under the commander in chief, Marshal Edward ...
- Rye
- town (parish), Rother district, administrative county of East Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England, on a hill by the River Rother. The community's cobbled streets and timber-framed and Georgian houses ...
- rye
- (species Secale cereale), cereal grass and its edible grain that is used to make rye bread and rye whiskey. The plant grows to a height of 1 to 2 m ... [5 Related Articles]
- Rye
- city and town (township), on Long Island Sound, in Westchester county, southeastern New York, U.S. The original town site, at Pendingo Neck, was first settled (1660) by a company of ...
- rye bread
- (from the article "cereal processing") Rye, which has been known for some 2,000 years, ranks second to wheat as a bread flour. The principal rye producers are Russia, Poland, Belarus, Germany, and Ukraine. The popularity ...
- Rye House Plot
- (1683), alleged Whig conspiracy to assassinate or mount an insurrection against Charles II of England because of his pro-Roman Catholic policies. The plot drew its name from Rye House at ... [3 Related Articles]
- rye whiskey
- (from the article "rye whiskey") whiskey that is distilled from a mash in which rye grain predominates. See whiskey.
for more general content related to this topicwhiskeyuse of rye
- Ryedale
- district, administrative county of North Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, England, named for a small dale and river draining into the Vale of Pickering. This predominantly rural district is the ...
- ryegrass
- any of about 10 species constituting the genus Lolium (family Poaceae), which includes forage and lawn grasses of temperate Eurasia and the noxious weed known as darnel (L. temulentum). Ryegrasses ...
- Ryerson, Egerton
- Canadian provincial educator and Methodist church leader who founded the public education system of what is now Ontario province.
- Ryknield Street
- (from the article "Staffordshire") ...hill forts include Castle Ring on Cannock Chase and Bury Ring near Stafford. The Romans built roads through the forests that covered the historic county, including what are now Watling ...
- Rykov, Aleksey Ivanovich
- Bolshevik leader who became a prominent Soviet official after the Russian Revolution (October 1917) and one of Joseph Stalin's major opponents during the late 1920s. [3 Related Articles]
- Ryland v. Fletcher
- (from the article "tort") Strict liability statutes are proliferating the world over and survive alongside judge-made rules such as that enunciated by the English decision of Ryland Fletcher (1868), which held that anyone who ...
- Ryland, William Wynne
- (from the article "Blake, William") ...English school of painting, but the fees proved to be more than the parental pocket could withstand. Instead he went with his father in 1772 to interview the successful and ...
- Ryle, Gilbert
- British philosopher, leading figure in the "Oxford philosophy," or "ordinary language," movement. [12 Related Articles]
- Ryle, Sir Martin
- British radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems and used them for accurate location of weak radio sources. With improved equipment, he observed the most distant known galaxies of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ryleyev, Kondraty Fyodorovich
- Russian poet and revolutionary, a leader in the Decembrist revolt of 1825.
- Ryman, Robert
- American painter whose lifelong production of white paintings reflects a connection to minimalism. Despite the look of his paintings, however, Ryman did not consider himself an abstract painter because, as ...
- Rymer, Thomas
- English literary critic who introduced into England the principles of French formalist Neoclassical criticism. As historiographer royal, he also compiled a collection of treaties of considerable value to the medievalist. [3 Related Articles]
- ryo
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...characters for each pitch name. The scales in IX-Ashow that Japanese ancient music followed the East Asian tradition as well in the use of two seven-tone scales, each with a ...
- Ryoan-ji
- (from the article "Soami") ...famous catalog of Chinese paintings, the Kundaikan sayu choki (compiled in 1476). As a landscape gardener, he designed two of the most celebrated Zen temple gardens in Japan: the Ryoan ...
- Ryobu Shinto
- in Japanese religion, the syncretic school that combined Shinto with the teachings of the Shingon sect of Buddhism. The school developed during the late Heian (794-1185) and Kamakura (1192-1333) periods. ... [3 Related Articles]
- ryokai mandara
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...and the transcendental are the same. The goal of spiritual practice was to unite what seemed to the uninitiated to be separate realms. Thus, one of the most important iconographic ...
- Ryokan
- original name Yamamoto Eizo Zen Buddhist priest of the late Tokugawa period (1603-1867) who was renowned as a poet and calligrapher. [1 Related Articles]
- Ryongchon
- (from the article "Dates of 2004") ...had been convicted in 1994 of being connected with an illegal Kurdish political party are upheld in a retrial in Turkey; EU officials immediately condemn the outcome.
North Korea
- ryotwari system
- (from the article "India") ...with the years. In Madras, Sir Thomas Munro retained the paternal framework of government but introduced a radically differing method of revenue management known as the ryotwari ...
- Rysanek, Leonie
- Austrian operatic soprano whose nearly 50-year career, with over 2,100 performances, was distinguished by notable portrayals of Richard Strauss and Richard Wagner heroines; at one performance the applause lasted throughout ...
- Rysbrack, John Michael
- Flemish Jan Michiel Rijsbrack one of the principal sculptors and designers in England in the 18th century. [1 Related Articles]
- Rysy, Mount
- (from the article "Malopolskie") Malopolskie consists mainly of uplands and mountains. Mount Rysy (8,199 feet [2,499 metres]), in the Tatra Mountains, is the highest peak in Poland. Other elevated features are the Krakowsko-Czestochowska Upland, ...
- Ryti, Risto
- (from the article "Finland") ...and some islands in the Gulf of Finland. When Finland rejected the demand, the Soviet Union launched an attack on Nov. 30, 1939. Immediately after the attack a coalition government ...
- Ryu, Chishu
- Japanese actor (b. May 13, 1906, Tamamizu, Kumamoto prefecture, Japan--d. March 16, 1993, Yokohama, Japan), was one of Japan's most enduring character actors; he was best known for his long ...
- Ryukyu Islands
- archipelago, extending some 700 miles (1,100 km) southwestward from the southern Japanese island of Kyushu to northeastern Taiwan. The archipelago defines the boundary between the East China Sea (west) and ... [9 Related Articles]
- Ryukyu Islands Region
- (from the article "Japan") The Ryukyu Islands Region constitutes the main portion of the Ryukyu arc, which penetrates into Kyushu as the West Japan Volcanic Belt and terminates at Mount Aso. The influence of ...
- Ryukyu mouse
- (from the article "mouse") The simple but effective excavation technique of mice is exemplified by the Ryukyu mouse (M. caroli). This mouse loosens soil with its incisor teeth, carrying a load ...
- Ryukyu Trench
- deep ocean trench running north along the eastern edge of the Ryukyu Islands (Japan) in the Philippine Sea, between Taiwan and the Japanese archipelago. The Ryukyu Trench reaches a maximum ...
- Ryukyuan language
- (from the article "Ryukyu Islands") The people of the islands are thought to be descendants of Japanese and Southeast Asians who migrated to the Ryukyus in prehistoric times. The Ryukyuan language, which is classified with ...
- Ryun, Jim
- (from the article "Keino, Kip") ...on the infield with just two laps to go. In the 5,000-metre final Keino earned a silver medal, finishing 0.2 sec behind Tunisian Mohammed Gammoudi. In the 1,500 metres Keino ...
- Ryzhkov, Nikolay
- premier of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991.
- Rzeszow
- city, capital of Podkarpackie wojewodztwo (province), southeastern Poland. It lies along the Wislok River at the juncture of the Carpathian Mountains and the Sandomierz Basin. Rzeszow lies ... [1 Related Articles]
- Rzewuski, Henryk
- (from the article "Polish literature") Prose was more popular with writers in Poland than with those in exile. Henryk Rzewuski belonged spiritually to the 18th century: Pamiatki J. Pana Seweryna Soplicy (1839; "Memoirs of Mister ...
- Rzhev
- city, Tver oblast (region), northwestern Russia. It lies along the upper Volga River at the crossing of the Moscow-Riga and St. Petersburg-Bryansk trunk railways.
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