| | - Radio Uganda
- (from the article "Media and Publishing") Established by the British in 1954, Radio Uganda celebrated its golden jubilee in September. For a time Radio Uganda had been overshadowed by newer FM stations in Kampala, and high-powered ...
- Radio Universidad
- (from the article "broadcasting") ...Independiente de Mexico and is seen around the world, and the state-owned Imevision. Television, too, is nearly all commercial, though there are some university stations, of which the best-known is ...
- radio wave
- (from the article "electromagnetic radiation") Radio waves are used for wireless transmission of sound messages, or information, for communication, as well as for maritime and aircraft navigation. The information is imposed on the electromagnetic carrier ...
- radio-frequency accelerating cavity
- (from the article "particle accelerator") ...is small. As the field created by the ring magnets increases, the injection pulse is timed so that the field and the energy of the particles from the linear accelerator ...
- radio-frequency amplifier
- (from the article "electron tube") ...The circle traced out by the electron has a radius equal to mv/eB. This circular motion is exploited in many electron devices for generating or amplifying radio-frequency (RF) power.
- radio-frequency current drive
- (from the article "fusion reactor") A technique known as radio-frequency (RF) current drive employs electromagnetic radiation to generate a steady-state current. Electromagnetic waves are injected into the plasma so that they propagate within the plasma ...
- radio-frequency heating
- process of heating materials through the application of radio waves of high frequency-i.e., above 70,000 hertz (cycles per second). Two methods of radio-frequency heating have been developed. One of these, ... [1 Related Articles]
- radio-frequency spectroscopy
- (from the article "spectroscopy") The energy states of atoms, ions, molecules, and other particles are determined primarily by the mutual attraction of the electrons and the nucleus and by the mutual repulsion of the ...
- radio-frequency spectrum
- (from the article "telecommunications media") Before 1930 the radio spectrum above 30 megahertz was virtually empty of man-made signals. Today, civilian radio signals populate the radio spectrum in eight frequency bands, ranging from very low ...
- radio-pulse receiver
- (from the article "warning system") For atmospheric or space explosions, radio-pulse receivers and light flash and acoustic detectors are used, as well as devices to measure fallout. Aircraft and rockets can be used to collect ...
- Radio-Television Espanola
- (from the article "Spain") ...into Spain in 1956. During the Franco regime and the first few years of the constitutional monarchy, there were only two television stations, both part of the government-owned and -controlled ...
- radioactive heat
- (from the article "rock") ...spontaneous decay (partial disintegration) of the nuclei of radioactive elements provides decay particles and energy. The energy, composed of emission kinetic energy and radiation, is converted to heat; it has ...
- radioactive implant
- (from the article "therapeutics") Radioactive implants in the form of metal needles or "seeds" are used to treat some cancers, such as those of the prostate and uterine cervix. They can deliver high doses ...
- radioactive isotope
- any of several species of the same chemical element with different masses whose nuclei are unstable and dissipate excess energy by spontaneously emitting radiation in the form of alpha, beta, ... [29 Related Articles]
- radioactive labelling
- (from the article "angiosperm") Much of the experimental work on phloem transport now is done with the aid of radioactive substances; for example, when radioactive carbon dioxide administered to an illuminated leaf is incorporated ...
- radioactive nuclide
- (from the article "Values for the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of certain radionuclides") ...RBE. At the same time, however, charged particles usually penetrate such a short distance in tissue that they pose relatively little hazard to tissues within the body unless they are ...
- radioactive scanning
- (from the article "nuclear medicine") In isotope scanning, a radioisotope is introduced into the body, usually by means of intravenous injection. The isotope is then taken up in different amounts by different organs. Its distribution ...
- radioactive series
- any of four independent sets of unstable heavy atomic nuclei that decay through a sequence of alpha and beta decays until a stable nucleus is achieved. These four chains of ... [1 Related Articles]
- radioactive waste
- (from the article "Palau") ...diplomatic incident in August when a Philippine coast guard vessel intercepted the Palauan barge Cheryll Ann. The Philippine government suspected that the Cheryll Ann was carrying nuclear waste. President Remengesau ...
- radioactivity
- property exhibited by certain types of matter of emitting energy and subatomic particles spontaneously. It is, in essence, an attribute of individual atomic nuclei. [44 Related Articles]
- radiobiology
- (from the article "radiation") ...to X rays. These unfortunate early experiences eventually led to an awareness of radiation hazards for professional workers and stimulated the development of a new branch of science-namely, radiobiology.
- Radiobras
- (from the article "broadcasting") ...may be called upon to broadcast programs produced by the Agencia Nacional, consisting mainly of government statements and ministerial and presidential speeches. In 1975 the government created Radiobras, the Brazilian ...
- radiocarpal joint
- (from the article "wrist") ...small, short bones (carpal bones) roughly arranged in two rows. The wrist is also made up of several component joints: the distal radioulnar joint, which acts as a pivot for ...
- radiochemical analysis
- (from the article "analysis") During use of the radiochemical methods, spontaneous emissions of particles or electromagnetic radiation from unstable atomic nuclei are monitored. The intensity of the emitted particles or electromagnetic radiation is used ...
- Radiocommunications Sector
- (from the article "International Telecommunication Union") ...which meets annually and is responsible for executing decisions of the Plenipotentiary Conference; (4) the General Secretariat, responsible for administrative and financial services; (5) the Radiocommunications Sector, which was formed ...
- Radiodiffusion Television Algerienne
- (from the article "Algeria") ...of magazines are also published in the country. The number and range of newspapers increased during the 1990s, despite frequent violent attacks directed against journalists by Islamic extremists. Radiodiffusion Television ...
- Radiodiffusion Television Marocaine
- (from the article "Morocco") Morocco's government-owned radio and television network, Radiodiffusion Television Marocaine (RTM), broadcasts throughout the country. Radio broadcasts are in Arabic, French, Tamazight, Spanish, and English, while television is broadcast in Arabic, ...
- radiography
- (from the article "betatron") Lower-energy betatrons in the 7-20-MeV range, however, have been specially constructed to serve as sources of energetic "hard" X-rays for use in medical and industrial radiography. Portable betatrons, operating at ...
- Radiohead
- British rock group that was arguably the most accomplished art-rock band of the early 21st century. This revered quintet made some of the most majestic-if most angst-saturated-music of the postmodern ... [2 Related Articles]
- radioimmunoassay
- (from the article "Yalow, Rosalyn S.") American medical physicist and joint recipient (with Andrew V. Schally and Roger Guillemin) of the 1977 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, awarded for her development of the radioimmunoassay (RIA), ...
- radiolarian
- any protozoan of the class Polycystinea (superclass Actinopoda), found in the upper layers of all oceans. Radiolarians, which are mostly spherically symmetrical, are known for their complex and beautifully sculptured, ... [6 Related Articles]
- radiolarian earth
- (from the article "diatomaceous earth") ...than chalk and will not effervesce in acid. Under a high-powered microscope the form of the diatoms can be distinguished. When well hardened, it is called diatomite. Similar siliceous rocks, ...
- radiolarian ooze
- (from the article "ooze") ...the calcareous oozes include globigerina ooze, containing the shells of planktonic foraminifera, and pteropod ooze, made up chiefly of the shells of pelagic mollusks. The siliceous oozes include radiolarian ooze, ...
- radiology
- branch of medicine using radiation for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Radiology originally involved the use of X rays in the diagnosis of disease and the use of X ... [3 Related Articles]
- radioluminescence
- (from the article "luminescence") Radioactive elements can emit alpha particles (helium nuclei), electrons, and gamma rays (high-energy electromagnetic radiation). The term radioluminescence, therefore, means that an appropriate material is excited to luminescence by a ...
- radiolysis
- (from the article "radiation") ...may result in a large variety of chemical changes involving the positive ion, the outgoing electron, and the excited states resultant from charge neutralization, as well as (parent) positive-ion fragmentation ...
- radiometer
- instrument for detecting or measuring radiant energy. The term is applied in particular to devices used to measure infrared radiation. Radiometers are of various types that differ in their method ... [1 Related Articles]
- radiometric analysis
- (from the article "dating") Solution of this equation by techniques of the calculus yields one form of the fundamental equation for radiometric age determination,
- radiometric dating
- (from the article "Earth sciences") In 1905, shortly after the discovery of radioactivity, the American chemist Bertram Boltwood suggested that lead is one of the disintegration products of uranium, in which case the older a ...
- radiometric separation
- (from the article "mineral processing") ...In addition, electro-optic detectors collect data on the responses of minerals when exposed to infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. The same principle, only using gamma radiation, is called radiometric separation.
- radionuclide cineangiography
- (from the article "human cardiovascular system") ...all emit gamma rays, and a scintillation camera is used to detect gamma-ray emission. The data are assessed with the R wave of the electrocardiogram as a time marker for ...
- radionuclide imaging
- (from the article "human cardiovascular system") Radionuclide imaging (radioactive nuclides) provides a safe, quantitative evaluation of cardiac function and a direct measurement of myocardial blood flow and myocardial metabolism. Radionuclide imaging is used to evaluate the ...
- radiopharmaceutical
- (from the article "pharmaceutical industry") Radioactive dosage forms, or radiopharmaceuticals, are substances that contain one or more radioactive atoms and are used for diagnosis or treatment of disease. In some cases the radioactive atoms are ...
- radiosensitivity
- (from the article "radiation") In general, dividing cells (such as cancer cells) are more radiosensitive than nondividing cells. As noted above, a dose of 1-2 Sv is sufficient to kill the average dividing cell, ...
- radiosity
- (from the article "computer graphics") ...illuminated not only directly by a light source such as the Sun or a lamp but also more diffusely by reflected light from other objects. This type of lighting is ...
- radiosonde
- balloon-borne instrument for making atmospheric measurements, such as temperature, pressure, and humidity, and radioing the information back to a ground station. Special helium-filled meteorological balloons made of high-quality neoprene rubber ... [3 Related Articles]
- radiotelegraphy
- radio communication by means of Morse Code or other coded signals. The radio carrier is modulated by changing its amplitude, frequency, or phase in accordance with the Morse dot-dash system ... [4 Related Articles]
- radiotelephony
- (from the article "telephone and telephone system") In addition to the wireline telephones described in Development of the telephone instrument, there exist a number of wireless instruments that are connected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). ...
- Radiotelevision Luxembourg
- (from the article "Luxembourg") ...grand duchy's newspapers express diverse political points of view-conservative, liberal, socialist, and communist. Luxembourg's influence is felt far beyond its borders through the medium of Radiotelevision Luxembourg (RTL), a privately ...
- Radiotelevisione Italiana
- (from the article "broadcasting") The origin and development of Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI) is discussed above. Regular television broadcasts began in January 1954. RAI has three radio services on national networks on AM and FM: ...
- radiothorium
- (from the article "Hahn, Otto") ...William Ramsay, who was interested in radioactivity. While working on a crude radium preparation that Ramsay had given to him to purify, Hahn showed that a new radioactive substance, which ...
- radiotracer method
- (from the article "human cardiovascular system") There are techniques that measure metabolism in the myocardium using the radiotracer method (i.e., a radioactive isotope replaces a stable element in a compound, which is then followed as it ...
- radioulnar joint
- (from the article "wrist") ...ulna bones of the forearm. The wrist is composed of eight or nine small, short bones (carpal bones) roughly arranged in two rows. The wrist is also made up of ...
- radiowave
- (from the article "telephone and telephone system") Cellular telephones are transportable by vehicle or personally portable devices that may be used in motor vehicles or by pedestrians. Communicating by radiowave in the 800-900-megahertz band, they permit a ...
- radish
- (Raphanus sativus), annual or biennial plant in the family Brassicaceae that is grown for its large, succulent root. The edible part of the root, together with some of the seedling ... [3 Related Articles]
- Radishchev, Aleksandr Nikolayevich
- writer who founded the revolutionary tradition in Russian literature and thought. [3 Related Articles]
- Radisson, Pierre-Esprit
- French explorer and fur trader who served both France and England in Canada. [2 Related Articles]
- radium
- radioactive chemical element, heaviest of the alkaline-earth metals of main Group 2 (IIa) of the periodic table. Radium is a silvery white metal that does not occur free in nature. [8 Related Articles]
- Radium Hospital
- (from the article "radiation") ...1906 Henri Becquerel, the French physicist who discovered radioactivity, accidentally burned himself by carrying radioactive materials in his pocket. Noting that, Pierre Curie, the co-discoverer of radium, deliberately produced a ...
- radium-224
- (from the article "poison") Other radioisotopes do not belong to the uranium series. For example, radium-224, which is deposited mainly on bone surfaces, has been used in Europe to treat ankylosing spondylitis. Because of ...
- radium-226
- (from the article "Values for the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of certain radionuclides") ...the water solubility of the uranium compound. Water-soluble forms mainly cause kidney injury, while the insoluble forms produce fibrosis and cancer of the lung. Because of its similarity to calcium, ...
- radius
- in anatomy, the outer of the two bones of the forearm when viewed with the palm facing forward. All land vertebrates have this bone. In humans it is shorter than ... [6 Related Articles]
- radius
- (from the article "mechanics") Consider a coordinate system, as shown in Figure 8A, with the circle centred at the origin. At any instant of time, the position of the particle may be specified by ...
- radius gauge
- (from the article "gauge") Flush-pin gauges have one moving part and are used to gauge the depth of shoulders or holes. Form gauges are used to check the profile of objects; two of the ...
- radius of convergence
- (from the article "perturbation") .... . . converges to a specific function, that function will be the required solution of the problem. The largest value of epsilon for which the sequence converges is called ...
- radius of gyration
- (from the article "mechanics") where k is a distance called the radius of gyration. Comparison to equation (79) shows that k is a measure of how far from the centre of mass the mass ...
- radja
- (from the article "Ngada") ...wife's clan until full bridewealth is paid. Identified by a common ancestor and a geographic location, clans traditionally acted also as political units until the Dutch instituted the office of ...
- Radjabu, Hussein
- (from the article "Burundi") ...ranks of the ruling party, the National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD), splintered the party and threatened Burundi's political stability. Hussein Radjabu, chairman ...
- Radke, Lina
- German athlete who set several middle-distance running records between 1927 and 1930. Her victory in the 800-metre race at the 1928 Olympic Games-the first Olympics to include women's athletics-set a ...
- Radkowsky, Alvin
- American-born Israeli nuclear physicist (b. June 30, 1915, Elizabeth, N.J.-d. Feb. 17, 2002, Tel Aviv, Israel), helped build the world's first nuclear-powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, in ...
- Radlov, Vasily
- German scholar and government adviser who made fundamental contributions to the knowledge of the ethnography, folklore, culture, ancient texts, and linguistics of the Turkic peoples of Southern Siberia and Central ...
- Radmanovic, Nebojsa
- (from the article "Bosnia and Herzegovina") ...| Population (2007 est.): 3,855,000 | Capital: Sarajevo | Heads of state: Nominally a tripartite (Serb, Croat, Muslim) presidency with a chair that rotates every eight months; members in 2007 ...
- Radner, Gilda
- (from the article "Wilder, Gene") ...Stir Crazy (1980), and for two flops, See No Evil, Hear No Evil (1989) and Another You (1991). He appeared with his wife, comedian ...
- Radnorshire
- historic county, east-central Wales, on the English border. It covers an area of mountainous terrain and highlands, including Radnor Forest, with a central valley formed by the River Wye. Radnorshire ...
- Radnoti, Miklos
- (from the article "Hungarian literature") ...and Socialist ideas were expressed in great poetic tableaux and in poems probing the subconscious, and by Gyula Illyes, who found inspiration in the life of the peasantry. The poetry ...
- Radom
- city, Mazowieckie wojewodztwo (province), east-central Poland. It is a rail junction and an administrative and industrial centre; the economy of the city relies predominantly on textile milling, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Radom, Confederation of
- (from the article "Repnin, Nikolay Vasilyevich, Prince") ...overthrown Peter in mid-1762) transferred Repnin to Warsaw, where he tried to assert Russia's dominance over the weak Polish government. In pursuit of this goal he encouraged the formation of ...
- radome
- (from the article "telescope") Some radio telescopes, particularly those designed for operation at very short wavelengths, are placed in protective enclosures called radomes that can nearly eliminate the effect of both wind loading and ...
- Radomir Rebellion
- (from the article "Bulgaria") ...use his influence to restore order among the troops. Stamboliyski, however, joined the uprising and, at the village of Radomir, where rebel troops were encamped, proclaimed Bulgaria a republic. The ...
- radon
- chemical element, a heavy radioactive gas of Group 18 (noble gases) of the periodic table, generated by the radioactive decay of radium. Radon is a colourless gas, 7.5 times heavier ... [8 Related Articles]
- radon-219
- (from the article "radon") ...observed in 1899 by the British scientists Robert B. Owens and Ernest Rutherford, who noticed that some of the radioactivity of thorium compounds could be blown away by breezes in ...
- radon-220
- (from the article "radon") Radon-220 (thoron; 51.5-second half-life) was first observed in 1899 by the British scientists Robert B. Owens and Ernest Rutherford, who noticed that some of the radioactivity of thorium compounds could ...
- radon-222
- (from the article "Values for the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of certain radionuclides") ...consists of three isotopes, one from each of the three natural radioactive-disintegration series (the uranium, thorium, and actinium series). Discovered in 1900 by German chemist Friedrich E. Dorn, radon-222 (3.823-day ...
- Radoslavov, Vasil
- (from the article "Bulgaria") When World War I began, Bulgaria declared strict neutrality, but the tsar and a Germanophile government under Vasil Radoslavov encouraged both sides to bid for Bulgarian intervention. In this contest, ...
- Radowitz, Joseph Maria von
- conservative Prussian diplomat and general who was the first statesman to attempt the unification of Germany under Prussian hegemony (from 1847), anticipating Otto von Bismarck's more successful efforts by almost ... [1 Related Articles]
- Radu Negru
- (from the article "Walachia") ...and northeast by the Transylvanian Alps, on the west, south, and east by the Danube River, and on the northeast by the Seret River. Traditionally it is considered to have ...
- radula
- horny, ribbonlike structure found in the mouths of all mollusks except the bivalves. The radula, part of the odontophore, may be protruded, and it is used in drilling holes in ... [4 Related Articles]
- Radulescu, Ion Heliade
- (from the article "Romanian literature") Transylvanian Latinism crossed the Carpathians and had beneficial effects on the Greek-inspired culture of Walachia. Ion Heliade Radulescu, who came under this influence, founded the first Romanian newspaper in Walachia ...
- radurization
- (from the article "food preservation") The dose of radiation used on food products is divided into three levels. Radappertization is a dose in the range of 20 to 30 kilograys, necessary to sterilize a food ...
- Radwa, Mount
- (from the article "Arabia") ...coast. In Midian (Madyan), the northernmost part of the Hejaz, the peaks have a maximum elevation of nearly 9,500 feet. The elevation decreases to the south, with an occasional upward ...
- Radziwill family
- an important Polish-Lithuanian princely family that played a significant role in Polish-Lithuanian history.
- Radziwill, Catherine
- (from the article "Rhodes, Cecil") His last years were soured by an unfortunate relationship with an aristocratic adventuress, Princess Radziwill, who sought to manipulate Rhodes and Milner and even Lord Salisbury, the English prime minister, ...
- Radziwill, Janusz
- (from the article "Poland") The magnates and gentry of Great Poland capitulated to the Swedes in July 1655. Prince Janusz Radziwill, a leading Calvinist and the greatest magnate of Lithuania, hard-pressed by the Russians, ...
- Rae Bareli
- town, administrative headquarters of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh state, northern India, southeast of Lucknow, on the Sai River. Named for the Bhar people, it is a road and rail ...
- Rae, John
- Scottish-born American economist, physician, and teacher.
- Rae, John
- physician and explorer of the Canadian Arctic. [2 Related Articles]
- Raeburn, Sir Henry
- leading Scottish portrait painter during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
- raeda
- (from the article "roads and highways") ...individuals. The two most widely used vehicles were the two-wheeled chariot drawn by two or four horses and its companion, the cart used in rural areas. A four-wheeled
- Raeder, Erich
- commander in chief of the German Navy (1928-43) and proponent of an aggressive naval strategy, who was convicted as a war criminal for his role in World War II. [1 Related Articles]
- Raedwald
- also spelled Redwald king of the East Angles in England from the late 6th or early 7th century, son of Tytili. [1 Related Articles]
- Raegnald I
- (from the article "United Kingdom") Meanwhile another danger had arisen: Norsemen from Ireland had been settling for some time west of the Pennines, and Northumbria was threatened by Raegnald, a Norse leader from Dublin, who ...
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