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Rundstedt, Gerd von ... Russian Revolution of 1917

Rundstedt, Gerd von: German field marshal who was one of Adolf Hitler's ablest leaders during World War II. He held commands on both the Eastern and Western fronts, played a major role in ...
Rundu: town, extreme northeastern Namibia. It lies on the south bank of the Okavango River, which forms the border between Angola and Namibia. Rundu is the main settlement in the Kavango ...
Runeberg, Johan Ludvig: Finno-Swedish poet who is generally considered to be the national poet of Finland. His works, which express the patriotic spirit of his countrymen, were written in Swedish and exercised great ...
Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand: German chemist considered to be the originator of the widely used analytic technique of paper chromatography.
runic alphabet: writing system of uncertain origin used by Germanic peoples of northern Europe, Britain, Scandinavia, and Iceland from about the 3rd century to the 16th or 17th century AD. Runic writing ...
runner: any of certain species of fishes in the family Carangidae (order Perciformes), which also includes the jacks, amberjacks, and pompanos. The blue runner (Caranx crysos) is a shiny, greenish or ...
running: footracing over a variety of distances and courses and numbering among the most popular sports in nearly all times and places. Modern competitive running ranges from sprints (dashes), with their ...
running-dog pattern: in classical architecture, decorative motif consisting of a repeated stylized convoluted form, something like the profile of a breaking wave. This pattern, which may be raised above, incised into, or ...
Runnymede: borough (district) in the northwestern part of the administrative and historic county of Surrey, England. Runnymede lies to the west of London on the River Thames. It is largely rural ...
runoff: in hydrology, quantity of water discharged in surface streams. Runoff includes not only the waters that travel over the land surface and through channels to reach a stream but also ...
Runyon, Damon: American journalist and short-story writer, best known for his book Guys and Dolls, written in the regional slang that became his trademark.
Ruo River: largest tributary of the Shire River of southern Malawi and Mozambique. Rising on the slopes of the Mulanje Mountains, it flows south to Mulanje town, where it veers southwest, forming ...
rupa-loka: in Buddhist thought, the world, or realm, of form. See arupa-loka.
Rupat Island: island in the Strait of Malacca, Riau provinsi (province), Indonesia. It lies just off the eastern coast of Sumatra across a 3-mile- (5-kilometre-) wide channel, opposite Melaka, Malaysia. The island ...
rupee: monetary unit of Muslim India from the 16th century and the modern monetary unit of India and Pakistan. The modern unit is divided into 100 paisa in India and Pakistan. ...
Rupelian Stage: all those rocks deposited worldwide during the Rupelian Age (36.6 to 30 million years ago). The Rupelian is the earlier of two stages in the Oligocene Series and comprises the ...
Rupert: German king from 1400 and, as Rupert III, elector Palatine of the Rhine from 1398.
Rupert River: river in Nord-du-Quebec region, western Quebec province, Canada. It rises from Mistassini Lake in the central part of the province and flows generally westward for 380 miles (610 km) through ...
Rupert's Land: historic region in northern and western Canada. The name was applied to the territory comprising the drainage basin of Hudson Bay, granted by King Charles II in 1670 to the ...
Rupert, Prince: the most talented Royalist commander of the English Civil War (1642-51). His tactical genius and daring as a cavalry officer brought him many victories early in the war, but his ...
rupiah: monetary unit of Indonesia. The Central Bank of the Republic of Indonesia (Bank Sentral Republik Indonesia) has the exclusive authority to issue banknotes and coins in Indonesia. Coin denominations range ...
Rupnarayan River: river in West Bengal state, northeastern India. It rises as the Dhaleswari (Dhalkisor) in the Chota Nagpur plateau foothills northeast of Purulia town and follows a tortuous southeasterly course past ...
Rupp, Adolph: American collegiate basketball coach at the University of Kentucky (1930-72). He retired as the most successful coach in collegiate basketball, with 876 wins (surpassed in 1997 by Dean Smith). Rupp's ...
Ruppell, Eduard: German naturalist and explorer of northeastern Africa who is remembered as much for the zoological and ethnographical collections he brought back to Europe as for his explorations.
rural electrification: project implemented in the United States in the second quarter of the 20th century by the Rural Electrification Administration (REA), a federal agency established in 1935, under the New Deal, ...
Rural Free Delivery: service begun in the United States in 1896 to deliver mail directly to farm families. Before RFD, rural inhabitants had to pick up mail themselves at sometimes distant post offices ...
rural society: society in which there is a low ratio of inhabitants to open land and in which the most important economic activities are the production of foodstuffs, fibres, and raw materials. ...
Rurales: federal corps of rural police established on May 6, 1861, by the Mexican president Benito Juarez to combat the banditry that threatened travel and commerce throughout Mexico. Such a force ...
Rurik: the semilegendary founder of the Rurik dynasty of Kievan Rus.
Rurik Dynasty: princes of Kievan Rus and, later, Muscovy who, according to tradition, were descendants of the Varangian prince Rurik, who had been invited by the people of Novgorod to rule that ...
Rus: ancient people who gave their name to the land of Russia. Their origin and identity are much in dispute. Traditional Western scholars believe them to be Scandinavian Vikings, an offshoot ...
rusalka: in Slavic mythology, lake-dwelling soul of a child who died unbaptized or of a virgin who was drowned (whether accidentally or purposely). Slavs of different areas have assigned different personalities ...
Ruse: city of northern Bulgaria, on the Danube River near the mouth of the Rusenski Lom. Bulgaria's principal river port and a transportation hub for road and rail, Ruse has regular ...
rush: any of several flowering plants distinguished by cylindrical stalks or hollow, stemlike leaves. They are found in temperate regions and particularly in moist or shady locations. The rush family (Juncaceae) ...
Rush, Benjamin: American physician and political leader, a member of the Continental Congress and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. His encouragement of clinical research and instruction was frequently offset by ...
Rush, Richard: American statesman who in 1817 negotiated the Rush-Bagot Agreement with Great Britain, providing for disarmament on the Great Lakes after the War of 1812.
Rush, William: sculptor and wood-carver who is considered the first significant American sculptor.
Rush-Bagot Agreement: (1817), exchange of notes between Richard Rush, acting U.S. secretary of state, and Charles Bagot, British minister to the United States, that provided for the limitation of naval forces on ...
Rushcliffe: borough (district), administrative and historic county of Nottinghamshire, central England, immediately southeast of the city of Nottingham. Rushcliffe is a rural agricultural area of open, rolling uplands (wolds) and flat ...
Rushdie, Salman: Anglo-Indian novelist who was condemned to death by leading Iranian Muslim clerics in 1989 for allegedly having blasphemed Islam in his novel The Satanic Verses. His case ...
Rushmoor: borough (district), administrative and historic county of Hampshire, southern England. It occupies part of the extreme northeastern corner of the county. Rushmoor is situated at the southern edge of the ...
Rushworth, John: English historian whose Historical Collections of Private Passages of State, 7 vol. (1659-1701; 8 vol., 1721), covering the period from 1618 to 1649, remains a valuable source of information on ...
Rusk, Dean: U.S. secretary of state during the John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson administrations who became a target of antiwar hostility as he consistently defended the United States' participation in the ...
Ruska, Ernst: German electrical engineer who invented the electron microscope. He was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1986 (the other half was divided between Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd ...
Ruskin, John: English critic of art, architecture, and society who was a gifted painter, a distinctive prose stylist, and an important example of the Victorian Sage, or Prophet: a writer of polemical ...
Russell: community, Northland local government region, northeastern North Island, New Zealand, on the southeastern shore of the Bay of Islands. Under its original name of Okiato, the town was chosen (1840) ...
Russell Cave National Monument: portion of a limestone cavern in northeastern Alabama, U.S., 6 miles (10 km) northwest of Bridgeport and just south of the Alabama-Tennessee border. The cave and site area (0.5 square ...
Russell family: a famous English Whig family, the senior line of which has held the title of duke of Bedford since 1694. Originating in Dorset, the family first became prominent under the ...
Russell's paradox: statement in set theory, devised by the English mathematician-philosopher Bertrand Russell, that demonstrated a flaw in earlier efforts to axiomatize the subject.
Russell's viper: (species Vipera russelli), abundant, highly venomous terrestrial snake of the family Viperidae. It is found from India to Taiwan and Java, most often in open country. It is a major ...
Russell, Bertrand: British philosopher, logician, and social reformer, founding figure in the analytic movement in Anglo-American philosophy, and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950. Russell's contributions to logic, epistemology, ...
Russell, Bill: American basketball player regarded in his day as the greatest defensive centre in the history of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He set standards by which other exceptionally tall players ...
Russell, Charles Russell, Baron: lord chief justice of England from June 1894 until his death. A formidable courtroom advocate, he became widely admired as a strong but moderate judge.
Russell, Charles Taze: founder of the International Bible Students Association, forerunner of the Jehovah's Witnesses (q.v.).
Russell, Henry Norris: American astronomer-one of the most influential during the first half of the 20th century-who played a major role in the establishment of modern theoretical astrophysics by making physics the core ...
Russell, John Russell, 1st Earl, Viscount Amberley Of Amberley And Of Ardsalla: also called (until 1861) Lord John Russell prime minister of Great Britain (1846-52, 1865-66), an aristocratic liberal and leader of the fight for passage of the Reform Bill of 1832.
Russell, John Scott: British civil engineer best known for researches in ship design. He designed the first seagoing battleship built entirely of iron.
Russell, Ken: British motion-picture director whose use of shock and sensationalism earned him both praise and reprehension from critics.
Russell, Lillian: American singer and actress in light comedies who represented the feminine ideal of her generation. She was as famous for her flamboyant personal life as for her beauty and voice.
Russell, Morgan: American painter who was an early proponent of abstraction.
Russell, Pee Wee: American jazz clarinetist.
Russell, Rosalind: American actress, best remembered for her film and stage portrayals of witty, assertive, independent women.
Russell, William Russell, Lord: English Whig politician executed for allegedly plotting to murder King Charles II and his Roman Catholic brother James, Duke of York. Because the charges against Russell were never conclusively proved, ...
Russelsheim: city, Hesse Land (state), in west-central Germany. It is situated on the left bank of the Main River between Mainz and Frankfurt am Main. Founded by the Frankish prince Ruzilo ...
Russia: country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. Once the preeminent republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.), Russia has been an independent ...
Russian Blue: breed of domestic cat noted for the quality of its short, plushlike coat. Characteristically a quiet and gentle cat, the Russian Blue is a solidly coloured, blue-gray cat with round, ...
Russian Catholic church: an Eastern Catholic church of the Byzantine rite, in communion with Rome since the early 20th century. A small number of Orthodox Russians, influenced by Vladimir Solovyov, a philosopher and ...
Russian chant: monophonic, or unison, chant of the liturgy of the Russian Orthodox church. Musical manuscripts from the 11th to the 13th century suggest that, at first, chanting in Russia almost certainly ...
Russian Civil War: (1918-20), conflict in which the Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolshevik government against various Russian and interventionist anti-Bolshevik armies.
Russian language: principal state and cultural language of Russia. Together with Ukrainian and Belarusian, the Russian language makes up the eastern branch of the Slavic family of languages. Russian is the primary ...
Russian literature: the body of written works produced in the Russian language, beginning with the Christianization of Kievan Rus in the late 10th century.
Russian Orthodox church: largest autocephalous, or ecclesiastically independent, Eastern Orthodox church in the world. Its membership is estimated at between 40 and 80 million.
Russian Plain: plain and series of broad river basins in eastern Europe (including western Russia). It extends over nearly 1,500,000 square miles (4,000,000 square km) and averages about 560 feet (170 m) ...
Russian Primary Chronicle, The: medieval Kievan Rus historical work that gives a detailed account of the early history of the eastern Slavs to the second decade of the 12th century. The chronicle, compiled in ...
Russian Revolution of 1905: uprising that was instrumental in convincing Tsar Nicholas II to attempt the transformation of the Russian government from an autocracy into a constitutional monarchy. For several years before 1905 and ...
Russian Revolution of 1917: two revolutions, the first of which, in February (March, New Style), overthrew the imperial government and the second of which, in October (November), placed the Bolsheviks in power.