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Rude, Francois ... Rundi

Rude, Francois: French sculptor, best known for his public monuments such as the "Departure of the Volunteers of 1792," popularly called "La Marseillaise" (1833-36; Arc de Triomphe, Paris). He rejected the formalism ...
Rudel, Julius: Austrian-born U.S. conductor and opera impresario who was conductor or director of the New York City Opera, 1944-79.
Rudesheim: town, Hesse Land (state), western Germany. It is situated in the Rheingau (region) at the foot of the Taunus Mountains and is a chief centre of the Rhine wine industry. ...
Rudini, Antonio Starabba, marchese di: Italian statesman, premier of Italy (1891-92, 1896-98).
Rudnicki, Adolf: Polish novelist and essayist noted for his depictions of the Holocaust in Nazi-occupied Poland.
Rudny: city, northern Kazakstan. It lies on the Tobyl River. Rudny, meaning "ore" in Russian, was founded in 1955 beside the huge ore-dressing combine, then under construction, which mines and processes ...
Rudolf: also called Rudolf Of Rheinfelden, or Rudolf Of Swabia, German Rudolf Von Rheinfelden, or Rudolf Von Schwaben German anti-king, opponent of Henry IV.
Rudolf: duke of Burgundy (921-936) and later king of France (923-936), who, after a stormy career typical of the general political instability that characterized the age, succeeded in consolidating his authority ...
Rudolf I: also called Rudolf Of Habsburg first German king of the Habsburg dynasty.
Rudolf I: first king of Juran (Upper) Burgundy (888-912).
Rudolf II: Holy Roman emperor from 1576 to 1612; his ill health and unpopularity prevented him from restraining the religious dissensions that eventually led to the Thirty Years' War (1618-48).
Rudolf II: king of Burgundy (912-937) who ruled Italy for nearly four years (923-926) during the chaotic period at the end of the Carolingian era.
Rudolf II: see Rudolf II (Burgundy).
Rudolf III: last of the independent kings of Burgundy (993-1032).
Rudolf Von Ems: prolific and versatile Middle High German poet. Between about 1220 and 1254 he wrote five epic poems, totaling more than 93,000 lines. His castle at Hohenems, near Lake Constance, still ...
Rudolf, Archduke and Crown Prince of Austria: heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose reformist and liberal ideas were stifled by his conservative father and who finally committed suicide.
Rudolf, Lake: fourth largest of the eastern African lakes. It lies mainly in northern Kenya, with its northern end stretching into Ethiopia. The lake lies in the eastern arm of eastern Africa's ...
Rudolph, Paul: one of the most prominent Modernist architects in the United States after World War II. His buildings are notable for creative and unpredictable designs that appeal strongly to the senses.
Rudolph, Wilma: American sprinter, the first American woman to win three track-and-field gold medals in a single Olympics.
Rudolphine Tables: planetary tables and star catalog published in 1627 by Johannes Kepler, based principally on the observations of Tycho Brahe. The best of the pretelescopic catalogs, it is accurate to a ...
Rudra: (Sanskrit: "Howler"), relatively minor Vedic god and one of the names of Siva, a major god of later Hinduism. Siva is considered to have evolved from Rudra, and the two ...
rue: any plant of the genus Ruta, of the family Rutaceae, comprising 40 species of perennial shrubs and herbs native to Eurasia and the Canary Islands. Common rue (R. graveolens) is ...
Rueda, Lope de: outstanding figure of the early Spanish theatre who did much to popularize it and prepared the way for Lope de Vega.
Rueil-Malmaison: city, Hauts-de-Seine departement, Paris region. It is a western residential and industrial suburb of Paris, 5.3 mi (8.5 km) by road from the city limits of the capital. Originally called ...
ruff: in dresswear, crimped or pleated collar or frill, usually wide and full, worn in Europe, especially from the mid-16th century into the 17th century, by both men and women. The ...
ruff: in zoology, Old World bird (Philomachus pugnax), of the sandpiper subfamily Calidritinae (family Scolopacidae) remarkable for its courtship plumage and behaviour. The name ruff applies to the species or may ...
ruffed grouse: North American game bird sometimes called a partridge. See grouse.
Ruffin, Edmund: the father of soil chemistry in the United States, who showed how to restore fertility to depleted Southeast plantations. He was also a leading secessionist for decades prior to the ...
Ruffin, Josephine St. Pierre: American community leader who was active in the women's rights movement and particularly in organizing African American women around issues of civic and cultural development.
Ruffini, Paolo: Italian mathematician and physician who made studies of equations that anticipated the algebraic theory of groups. He is regarded as the first to make a significant attempt to show that ...
Ruffo, Fabrizio: Roman Catholic cardinal and politician who was royal vicar of the Neapolitan kingdom (1799) and led a royalist-popular counterrevolution against the French under Napoleon.
Rufiji River: river, the largest in Tanzania, East Africa, draining most of the southern part of the country and navigable for about 60 mi (100 km). Formed by the confluence of the ...
Rufinus: in full Flavius Rufinus minister of the Eastern Roman emperor Arcadius (ruled 383-408) and rival of Stilicho, the general who was the effective ruler of the Western Empire. The conflict ...
Rufinus, Tyrannius: Roman priest, writer, theologian, and translator of Greek theological works into Latin at a time when knowledge of Greek was declining in the West.
Rufisque: town and minor port, east of Dakar at the southeastern end of the Cape Verde Peninsula (Presqu'ile du Cap Vert), Senegal. Its proximity to Dakar, the national capital, has spurred ...
rug and carpet: any decorative textile normally made of a thick material and now usually intended as a floor covering. Until the 19th century the word carpet was used for ...
Rugby: city, seat (1889) of Pierce county, north-central North Dakota, U.S. It lies about 140 miles (225 km) northwest of Grand Forks. Rugby, founded in 1885 as a Great Northern Railway ...
Rugby: town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Warwickshire, England. The town of Rugby was not of great importance until the coming of the railways in the 19th century. ...
rugby: football game played with an oval ball by two teams of 15 players (in rugby union play) or 13 players (in rugby league play). Rugby's distinctive features are (1) that ...
Rugby Football League: governing body of rugby league football (professional rugby) in England, founded in 1895. Originally called the Northern Rugby Football Union (popularly Northern Union), it was formed when 22 clubs from ...
Rugby Football Union: governing body of rugby union football (amateur rugby) in England, formed in 1871 to draw up rules for the game first played at Rugby School in 1823. Similar unions were ...
Rugen: largest island of Germany, in the Baltic Sea opposite Stralsund and separated from the German mainland by the Strelasund (Strela Sound) and the Bodden Strait. It is administered as part ...
Ruggles, Carl: American composer, whose works, small in number, are characterized by highly dissonant, nonmetric melodies, wide dynamic range, and rich colouring.
Ruggles-Brise, Sir Evelyn: prison reformer who was instrumental in the founding and development of England's Borstal system for the treatment of young offenders.
Rugi: Germanic tribe that migrated from southwest Norway to Pomerania around AD 100 and from there to the Danube River valley. They were allies of Attila until his death (453) and ...
Ruhengeri: prefecture, northern Rwanda, central Africa, bordering Congo (Kinshasa) and Uganda (north) and the prefectures of Kigali and Gitarama (south), Byumba (east), and Gisenyi (west). Ruhengeri's relief varies considerably; elevation ranges ...
Ruhmkorff, Heinrich Daniel: German mechanic who invented the Ruhmkorff coil, a type of induction coil that could produce sparks more than 1 foot (30 centimetres) in length.
Ruhr: river and major industrial region along its course, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. The river, an important tributary of the lower Rhine, rises on the north side of Winterberg ...
Ruisdael, Jacob van: Baroque artist, often considered the greatest Dutch landscape painter.
Ruiz de Alarcon, Juan: Mexican-born Spanish dramatist of the colonial era who was the principal dramatist of early 17th-century Spain after Lope de Vega and Tirso de Molina.
Ruiz, Juan: poet and cleric whose masterpiece, the Libro de buen amor (1330; expanded in 1343; The Book of Good Love) is perhaps the most important long poem in the literature of ...
Ruiz, Mount: volcano in the Cordillera Central of the Andes, west-central Colombia, noted for its two eruptions on Nov. 13, 1985, which were among the most destructive in recorded history. Located about ...
Rukeyser, Muriel: American poet whose work focused on social and political problems.
Rukwa, Lake: lake, southwestern Tanzania, Eastern Africa. It is part of an inland drainage system in the Rukwa Trough, which probably at one time belonged to the East African Rift Valley system ...
Rule, Jane: American novelist, essayist, and short-story writer known for her exploration of lesbian themes.
Rulfo, Juan: Mexican writer who is considered one of the finest novelists and short-story creators in 20th-century Latin America, though his production-consisting essentially of two books-was very small. Because of the themes ...
Rulhiere, Claude-Carloman de: French writer and historian of Russia and Poland whose histories favoured a return to Franco-Prussian friendship and alliance at the expense of Russia.
rum: distilled liquor made from sugarcane products, usually produced as a by-product of sugar manufacture. It includes both the light-bodied rums, typified by those of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and the ...
Rum Rebellion: (Jan. 26, 1808), in Australian history, an uprising in which Gov. William Bligh of New South Wales (1806-08), who had earlier been the victim of the famous "Bounty" mutiny, was ...
Rumaker, Michael: American author whose early fiction reflects the disaffection of the Beat generation.
rumba: ballroom dance of Afro-Cuban folk-dance origin that became internationally popular in the early 20th century. Best known for the dancers' subtle side to side hip movements with the torso erect, ...
Rumbek: town, capital of al-Buhayrah mudiriyah (province), Southern Region, southern Sudan, about 138 mi (222 km) northwest of Bor. Located at an elevation of 1,388 ft (423 m), it serves as ...
Rumelia: the former Ottoman possessions in the Balkans. The name means "land of the Romans"-i.e., Byzantines. The Turks first began to make conquests in the Balkans in the mid-14th century. The ...
Rumford: town, Oxford county, western Maine, U.S., in the Oxford Hills where the Ellis, Swift, and Concord rivers enter the Androscoggin River to form spectacular Pennacook Falls, 75 miles (121 km) ...
ruminant: any mammal of the suborder Ruminantia (order Artiodactyla), which includes the pronghorns, giraffes, okapis, deer, chevrotains, cattle, antelopes, sheep, and goats. Most ruminants have four-chambered stomachs and a two-toed foot. ...
rummy: any of a family of card games whose many variants make it one of the best-known and most widely played card games. Rummy games are based on a simple mechanism ...
Rumoi: city, northwestern Hokkaido, Japan. It lies at the mouth of the Rumoi River, facing the Sea of Japan. The city's natural port was a fishing centre until the disappearance of ...
Rumor, Mariano: a leader of Italy's Christian Democrat Party and premier in several governments from 1968 to 1974.
Rump Parliament: in the period of the English Commonwealth, the phase of the Long Parliament (q.v.) following the expulsion of 121 members unacceptable to the rebel army in 1648.
Rumyantsev, Nikolay Petrovich, Graf: Russian statesman and diplomat who was also a bibliophile and a patron of historiography and voyages of exploration. The Rumyantsev Museum in St. Petersburg, founded to house his collection of ...
Rumyantsev, Pyotr Aleksandrovich, Graf Zadunaysky: Russian army officer who distinguished himself in the Seven Years' War (1756-63) against Prussia and in the Russo-Turkish War (1768-74). As governor-general of Ukraine (from November 1764), he was responsible ...
Run-D.M.C.: American rap group that brought hip-hop into the musical and cultural mainstream, introducing what became known as "new-school" rap. The members were Run (original name Joseph Simmons; b. November 14, ...
Runcie, Robert: archbishop of Canterbury and titular head of the Anglican Communion from 1980 to 1991.
Runcorn: town, Halton unitary authority, historic county of Cheshire, England. It lies on the southern shore of the River Mersey 15 miles (24 km) upstream from the port of Liverpool. The ...
Runcorn, Stanley Keith: British geophysicist whose pioneering studies of paleomagnetism provided early evidence in support of the theory of continental drift.
Rundi: the peoples of the Republic of Burundi, who speak Rundi, an Interlacustrine Bantu language. The Rundi are divided into two main ethnic groups: the Hutu, the majority of whom have ...