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resistivity: electrical resistance of a conductor of unit cross-sectional area and unit length. A characteristic property of each material, resistivity is useful in comparing various materials on the basis of their ... [9 Related Articles]
resistor: electrical component that opposes the flow of either direct or alternating current, employed to protect, operate, or control the circuit. Voltages can be divided with the use of resistors, and ... [4 Related Articles]
Resita: city, capital of Caras-Severin judet (county), southwestern Romania, near the Yugoslavian border. In a coal- and metal-mining region, it is a long-established metalworking centre. After World War II the ironworks ...
Resnais, Alain: French motion-picture director, a leader of the Nouvelle Vague (New Wave) of unorthodox, influential film directors appearing in France in the late 1950s. His major works include [1 Related Articles]
Resnik, Michael: (from the article "mathematics, philosophy of") Finally, the nontraditional version of Platonism developed by Resnik and Shapiro is known as structuralism. The essential ideas here are that the real objects of study in mathematics are structures, ...
resol resin: (from the article "industrial polymers, major") ...fusible, soluble state (the A stage), in which it could be dissolved in solvents and mixed with fillers and reinforcements that would make it into a usable plastic. The resin, ...
Resolute: (from the article "Cornwallis Island") ...km). It is comparatively flat, particularly on the northwest coast, and reaches a maximum elevation of 1,350 feet (411 metres) on the east coast. A weather station is located at ...
Resolute Bay: (from the article "Cornwallis Island") ...feet (411 metres) on the east coast. A weather station is located at the settlement of Resolute (Qausuittuq), which is a High Arctic air transportation hub and terminus on the ...
resolution: in chemistry, any process by which a mixture called a racemate (q.v.) is separated into its two constituent enantiomorphs. (Enantiomorphs are pairs of substances that have dissymmetric arrangements of atoms ... [1 Related Articles]
resolution: (from the article "international law") International law can arise indirectly through other mechanisms. UN General Assembly resolutions, for example, are not binding-except with respect to certain organizational procedures-but they can be extremely influential. Resolutions may ...
resolution: (from the article "chromatography") In general, resolution is the ability to separate two signals. In terms of chromatography, this is the ability to separate two peaks. Resolution, R, is given bymass spectroscopes
resolution: (from the article "photography, technology of") The fineness of detail that a film can resolve depends not only on its graininess but also on the light scatter or irradiation within the emulsion (which tends to spread ...
resolution: (from the article "artificial intelligence") ...1973. PROLOG was further developed by the logician Robert Kowalski, a member of the AI group at the University of Edinburgh. This language makes use of a powerful theorem-proving technique ...
Resolution 1441: (from the article "Iraq") ...or manufacture WMD, and its record of supporting terrorist groups, made the complete disarming of Iraq a renewed priority. At the insistence of the United States, the UN Security Council ...
Resolution 1540: (from the article "Military Affairs") ...the destruction of Libya's stockpile of unfilled chemical weapons munitions, and IAEA inspectors were granted broader access to Libyan nuclear facilities. On April 28 the UN Security Council passed Resolution ...
Resolution 1559: (from the article "Lebanon") ...In August, under strong pressure from Syria, the Lebanese parliament extended for three more years the term in office of Pres. Emile Lahoud. On September 2 the UN Security Council ...
Resolution 242: (from the article "Israel") ...emergency resupply of Soviet arms, led the Arabs at the Khartoum Arab Summit in The Sudan in August 1967 in a refusal to negotiate directly with Israel. The UN Security ...
resolution 425: (from the article "Palestine") ...raid into Israel killed three dozen civilian tourists and wounded some 80 others, and Israel invaded southern Lebanon three days later (Operation Litani). On March 19 the UN Security Council ...
Resolution 435: (from the article "Southern Africa") ...Namibia in South African hands and keeping its military options open. The constitutional proposals were rejected by the international community, however, and in 1978 the UN Security Council passed Resolution ...
Resolution 598: (from the article "Iraq") In July 1987 the UN Security Council had unanimously passed Resolution 598, urging Iraq and Iran to accept a cease-fire, withdraw their forces to internationally recognized boundaries, and settle their ...
resolution of rigor: (from the article "meat processing") ...the stiffness in the muscle tissues begins to decrease owing to the enzymatic breakdown of structural proteins (i.e., collagen) that hold muscle fibres together. This phenomenon is known as resolution ...
resolution stage: (from the article "sexual behaviour, human") ...vaginal contractions in the female and ejaculation by the male. Involuntary vocalization may also occur. Orgasm lasts for a few seconds (normally not over ten), after which the individual enters ...
resolving power: (from the article "Maximum resolving power and depth of focus for a visual microscope") ...as eight individual rodlets (effectively seven, since two lie one above the other), known as rhabdomeres, each with its own axon. This means that each ommatidium should be capable of ...
resonance: in particle physics, an extremely short-lived phenomenon associated with subatomic particles called hadrons that decay via the strong nuclear force. This force is so powerful that it allows resonances to ... [2 Related Articles]
resonance: in physics, relatively large selective response of an object or a system that vibrates in step or phase, with an externally applied oscillatory force. Resonance was first investigated in acoustical ... [12 Related Articles]
resonance absorption: (from the article "electromagnetic radiation") During the mid-1800s the German physicist Gustav Robert Kirchhoff observed that atoms and molecules emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation at characteristic frequencies and that the emission and absorption frequencies are ...
resonance drive: (from the article "watch") ...kept in motion by the magnetic interaction of a coil and a permanent magnet, (2) the induction drive, in which an electromagnet attracts a balance containing soft magnetic material, or ...
resonance fluorescence: (from the article "spectroscopy") ...by the emission of radiation as the system decays back to the original state. The decay process can follow several pathways. If the decay is back to the original lower ...
resonance frequency: (from the article "spectroscopy") ...the laws of quantum mechanics, molecular systems can be analyzed using classical mechanics to ascertain the nature of the vibrational motion. Analysis shows that such a system will display a ...
resonance hybrid: (from the article "chemical bonding") ...cyclic structure had already been proposed by Joseph Loschmidt four years earlier.) The actual structure is a superposition (sum) of the two wavefunctions: in VB terms, the structure of benzene ...
resonance ionization: (from the article "spectroscopy") The photon energies used in the resonance (stepwise) ionization of an atom (or molecule) are too low to ionize the atom directly from its ground state; thus at least two ...
resonance orbit: (from the article "asteroid") ...example, makes three circuits around the Sun in the time it takes Jupiter, which has a mean distance of 5.20 AU, to make one circuit. The asteroid is thus said ...
resonance photo-ionization: (from the article "mass spectrometry") All of the methods of ionization described above suffer from a lack of selectivity as to which element is ionized and depend either on the mass spectrometer for differentiation or ...
resonance structure: (from the article "organosulfur compound") ...for sulfoxide and &singlehorzbond;S²⁺(&singlehorzbond;O⁻)₂₋ for sulfone. While it is clear that the polar resonance structures contribute to the overall bonding, it is probable that there is some contribution from sulfur ...
resonance tachometer: (from the article "tachometer") Mechanical tachometers utilize the fact that the centrifugal force on a rotating mass depends on the speed of rotation and can be used to stretch or compress a mechanical spring. ...
resonance, theory of: in chemistry, theory by which the actual normal state of a molecule is represented not by a single valence-bond structure but by a combination of several alternative distinct structures. The ... [5 Related Articles]
resonance-ionization mass spectrometry: (from the article "spectroscopy") For the purpose of determining the relative weights of atomic nuclei, the mass spectrometer is one of the most useful instruments used by analytical chemists. If two atoms with the ...
resonance-ionization spectroscopy: (from the article "spectroscopy") Resonance-ionization spectroscopy (RIS) is an extremely sensitive and highly selective analytical measurement method. It employs lasers to eject electrons from selected types of atoms or molecules, splitting the neutral species ...
resonant two-photon ionization: (from the article "cluster") ...their size and structure is a two-step process in which one cluster species at a time is excited with the light from a laser and is then ionized with light ...
resonant-reed meter: (from the article "frequency meter") Another type of frequency meter, not of the deflection type, is the resonant-reed type, ordinarily used in ranges from 10 to 1,000 Hz, although special designs can operate at lower ...
resonating chamber: (from the article "gasoline engine") ...of the gases or otherwise caused them to follow devious paths so that interference between the pressure waves reduced the pulsations. The mufflers most commonly used in modern motor vehicles ...
resonator: acoustical device for reinforcing sound, as the sounding board of a piano, the "belly" of a stringed instrument, the air mass of an organ pipe, and the throat, nose, and ... [6 Related Articles]
Resor, Stanley: (from the article "J. Walter Thompson Co.") ...advertising proved highly profitable, and the company created the first "account executives" to supervise the advertising campaigns of specific customers. Under the leadership of Stanley Resor, who purchased the agency ...
resorcinol: phenolic compound used in the manufacture of resins, plastics, dyes, medicine, and numerous other organic chemical compounds. It is produced in large quantities by sulfonating benzene with fuming sulfuric acid ...
resort hotel: (from the article "hotel") The resort hotel is a luxury facility that is intended primarily for vacationers and is usually located near special attractions, such as beaches and seashores, scenic or historic areas, ski ...
resource allocation process: (from the article "logistics") The most far-reaching managerial reforms of the period were instituted by the U.S. defense secretary, Robert S. McNamara (1961-68), in the resource allocation process. A unified defense planning-programming-budgeting system provided ...
resource mobilization theory: (from the article "social movement") Since the early 1970s two new strands of theory and empirical research have arisen, one in the United States and one in western Europe. The first, called resource mobilization theory, ...
Respighi, Elsa Olivieri-Sangiacomo: (from the article "Respighi, Ottorino") Respighi's wife and pupil, Elsa Olivieri-Sangiacomo Respighi (1894-1996), was a singer and a composer of operas, choral and symphonic works, and songs.
Respighi, Ottorino: Italian composer who introduced Russian orchestral colour and some of the violence of Richard Strauss's harmonic techniques into Italian music. He studied at the Liceo of Bologna and later with ...
respiration: the process by which animal organisms take up oxygen and discharge carbon dioxide in order to satisfy their energy requirements. In the living organism, energy is liberated, along with carbon ... [9 Related Articles]
respiration rate: (from the article "animal disease") The respiratory movements of an animal are important diagnostic criteria; breathing is rapid in young animals, in small animals, and in animals whose body temperature is higher than normal. Specific ...
respiration, human: the process by which oxygen is taken up and carbon dioxide discharged. [11 Related Articles]
respiratory acidosis: (from the article "acidosis") abnormally high level of acidity, or low level of alkalinity, in the body fluids, including the blood. There are two primary types of acidosis: respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis. Respiratory ...
respiratory alkalosis: (from the article "alkalosis") ...by the use of potent diuretics [substances that promote production of urine]) or bicarbonate gain (which may be caused by excessive intake of bicarbonate or by the depletion of body ...
respiratory chain: (from the article "bacteria") ...acceptor. The sugar is completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water, yielding a maximum of 38 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose. Electrons are transferred to oxygen using ...
respiratory disease: any of the diseases and disorders that affect human respiration. [16 Related Articles]
respiratory distress syndrome of newborns: a common complication in infants, especially in premature newborns, characterized by extremely laboured breathing, cyanosis (a bluish tinge to the skin or mucous membranes), and abnormally low levels of oxygen ... [2 Related Articles]
respiratory pigment: (from the article "circulation") ...the blood consists of an aqueous plasma containing sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and sulfate ions; some trace elements; a number of amino acids; and possibly a protein known as ...
respiratory quotient: (from the article "biochemistry") ...requiring spectrum-analyzing instruments (spectrophotometers) for quantitative measurement. Gasometric techniques are those commonly used for measurements of oxygen and carbon dioxide, yielding respiratory quotients (the ratio of carbon dioxide to oxygen). ...
respiratory syncytial virus: (from the article "drug") Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a potentially fatal lower respiratory disease in children. The only pharmacological therapy available for treatment of the infection is ribavirin, which can be administered orally, ...
respiratory system: (from the article "respiration") the process by which animal organisms take up oxygen and discharge carbon dioxide in order to satisfy their energy requirements. In the living organism, energy is liberated, along with carbon ...
respiratory therapy: medical profession primarily concerned with assisting respiratory function of individuals with severe acute or chronic lung disease.
resplendent quetzal: (from the article "trogon") Most trogons are 24 to 46 centimetres (9 12 to 18 inches) long, an exception being the resplendent (or Guatemalan) quetzal, also called resplendent trogon (Pharomachrus mocinno), which is about ...
respondeat superior: (from the article "agency") ...as a part of agency law since these cases logically come within the maxim qui facit per alium, facit per se ("he who acts through another, acts himself"). The doctrine ...
respondentia: (from the article "bottomry") ...that if the ship be lost in the specified voyage or period, by any of the perils enumerated, the lender shall lose his money. A similar contract creating a security ...
responsa: ("questions and answers"), replies made by rabbinic scholars in answer to submitted questions about Jewish law. These replies began to be written in the 6th century after final redaction of ... [4 Related Articles]
responsa prudentium: (from the article "ancient Rome") ...a permanent code, which the emperor alone could alter. By 200, learned jurists had lost the right they had enjoyed since the time of Augustus of giving authoritative rulings on ...
response set: (from the article "personality assessment") Much study has been given to the ways in which response sets and test-taking attitudes influence behaviour on the MMPI and other personality measures. The response set called acquiescence, for ...
response variable: (from the article "statistics") ...identified. One or more of these variables, referred to as the factors of the study, are controlled so that data may be obtained about how the factors influence another variable ...
Responsibility of the Authors of the War and on Enforcement of Penalties, Commission on: (from the article "war crime") Immediately following World War I, the victorious Allied powers convened a special Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of the War and on Enforcement of Penalties. The commission's report ...
responsorial singing: style of singing in which a leader alternates with a chorus, especially in liturgical chant. Responsorial singing, also known as call-and-response, is found in the folk music of many cultures-e.g., ...
responsory: plainchant melody and text originally sung responsorially-i.e., by alternating choir and soloist or soloists. Responsorial singing of the psalms was adopted into early Christian worship from Jewish liturgical practice. Most ... [2 Related Articles]
Resserella: extinct genus of brachiopods (lamp shells) that occurs as fossils in marine rocks of Middle Ordovician to Lower Silurian age (421 to 478 million years old).Resserella has a dorsal shell ...
rest mass: (from the article "radiation measurement") ...of the absorber material, the photon may disappear and be replaced by the formation of an electron-positron pair. The minimum energy required to create this pair of particles is their ...
restatement of the faith: (from the article "Christianity") Restatement of doctrine has been required whenever Christianity crossed a linguistic boundary. The extension from the largely Hebraic and Aramaic world of Jesus and his Apostles into the Hellenistic world ...
restaurant: establishment where refreshments or meals may be procured by the public. The public dining room that came ultimately to be known as the restaurant originated in France, and the French ...
Restaurant de la Pyramide: (from the article "restaurant") In the 20th century, with the development of the automobile, country dining became popular in France, and a number of fine provincial restaurants were established. The Restaurant de la Pyramide, ...
Restaurant Durand: (from the article "restaurant") ...many restaurants in Paris and elsewhere that have operated under this name. Other favourite eating places were the Rocher de Cancale, on the rue Montorgueil, famous for its oysters and ...
Resteiner, Eric: (from the article "Grenada") ...of wrongdoing by Prime Minister Keith Mitchell during his 2000 visit to EU countries and Kuwait commenced hearings in June. Mitchell was alleged to have accepted improper payments of $187,265 ...
Restell, Madame: infamous British-born abortionist and purveyor of contraceptives.
Restif, Nicolas-Edme: French novelist whose works provide lively, detailed accounts of the sordid aspects of French life and society in the 18th century. [2 Related Articles]
resting energy expenditure: (from the article "nutrition, human") ...after awakening in the morning, at least 12 hours after the last meal, and with a comfortable room temperature. Because of practical considerations, the BMR is rarely measured; the resting ...
resting potential: the imbalance of electrical charge that exists between the interior of electrically excitable nerve cells and their surroundings. The resting potential of electrically excitable cells lies in the range of ... [2 Related Articles]
restitution: (from the article "damages") Damages are generally awarded under contract and tort law. When one party to a contract fails to perform his obligation, the other can seek damages under three headings: (1) restitution, ...
Restitution, Edict of: (from the article "Wallenstein, Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von, Herzog von Friedland, Herzog von Mecklenburg, Furst Von Sagen") ...and economic discussions with his Protestant neighbours, Brandenburg, Pomerania, and the Hanseatic towns, advised Ferdinand to grant Denmark easy peace terms, and strongly disapproved of Ferdinand's Edict of Restitution (1629) ...
restless legs syndrome: condition characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs that usually appears during periods of rest, especially while sitting or lying down. Many experience symptoms immediately before the onset ...
restlessness: (from the article "collective behaviour") ...but aimless way. Early students of crowd behaviour, struck by the resemblance to the milling of cattle before a stampede, gave this form of human activity its name. Its characteristic ...
Resto, Luis: (from the article "2002: Other Winners") ...and Gordon Sim (set decoration) for ChicagoOriginal Score: Elliot Goldenthal for FridaOriginal Song: "Lose Yourself" from 8 Mile; music by Eminem, Jeff Bass, and Luis Resto; lyric by EminemAnimated Feature ...
Reston: urban community, in Fairfax county, northeastern Virginia, U.S. It lies adjacent to Herndon, 22 miles (35 km) west-northwest of Washington, D.C. The community was developed after 1962 by Robert E. ...
Reston, Ana Carolina: (from the article "Fashions") ..."too many skeletons on the runways," while Mayor Letizia Moratti urged Italian designers to cast healthy-looking models in their runway shows. Following the death in November of model Ana Carolina ...
Reston, James: Scottish-born American columnist and editor for The New York Times who was one of the most influential American journalists. [1 Related Articles]
Reston, Sally: American publisher, journalist, and photographer (b. 1911/12, Sycamore, Ill.-d. Sept. 22, 2001, Washington, D.C.), not only had a notable career in her own right but also for some 60 years ...
Restoration: (from the article "United Kingdom") Charles II arrived in London on the 30th birthday of what had already been a remarkably eventful life. He came of age in Europe, a child of diplomatic intrigues, broken ...
Restoration: (from the article "France") The restoration and constitutional monarchyParisThe Revolution and Napoleon IIndustrialization, in progress in the Napoleonic period, advanced rapidly under the Restoration ...
Restoration literature: English literature written after the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 following the period of the Commonwealth. Some literary historians speak of the period as bounded by the reign of ... [7 Related Articles]
Restoration playhouse: (from the article "theatre") The other kind of public theatre, peculiar to England, was the Restoration playhouse. The Baroque horseshoe-shaped auditorium, with its deep stage and orchestra pit, was generally in favour all over ...
Restoration Square: (from the article "Lisbon") ...Lisbon lived relatively well as a port for the riches of the Spanish Main. In 1640 a conspiracy of Lisbon nobles struck for freedom and drove out the Spaniards, restoring ...
Restoration style: (from the article "Stuart style") ...house of Stuart; that is, from 1603 to 1714 (excepting the interregnum of Oliver Cromwell). Although the Stuart period included a number of specific stylistic movements, such as Jacobean, Carolean, ...
Restoration wits: (from the article "Rochester, John Wilmot, 2nd earl of") On his return, as a leader of the court wits, Rochester became known as one of the wildest debauchees at the Restoration court, the hero of numerous escapades, and the ...
restorative justice: (from the article "juvenile justice") An increasingly popular approach, known as "restorative justice," has been used especially in cases of delinquency unrelated to gangs. Essentially, restorative justice attempts to make the juvenile offender aware of ...
Restore Hope, Operation: (from the article "international relations") ...state had suffered a total breakdown of civil authority, and hundreds of thousands of people were dying of famine as warlords fought for control. During his last days in office ...