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rer: (from the article "Somali") The basis of Somali society is the rer, or large, self-contained kinship group or clan, consisting of a number of families claiming common descent from a male ancestor. A Somali ...
reredos: (from the article "altarpiece") ...more panels. A winged altarpiece is one equipped with movable wings that can be opened or closed over a fixed central part, thereby allowing various representations to be exposed to ...
Rerum Novarum: encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII in 1891 and considered by many conservative Roman Catholics to be extremely progressive. It enunciated the late 19th-century Roman Catholic position on social justice, ... [7 Related Articles]
res ipsa loquitur: (from the article "negligence") ...situations, once the plaintiff has established an apparent connection between his injury and the defendant's apparent negligence, the latter must disprove that connection. This is the doctrine of res ipsa ...
res judicata: (Latin: "a thing adjudged"), a thing or matter that has been finally juridically decided on its merits and cannot be litigated again between the same parties. The term is often ... [2 Related Articles]
res publica: (from the article "state") ...idea corresponds more accurately to the modern concept of the nation-i.e., a population of a fixed area that shares a common language, culture, and history-whereas the Roman res publica, or ...
Res Publica: (from the article "Estonia") Despite remaining the largest party in the parliament, Res Publica's fortunes continued to decline in Estonian political life during 2005. In late March the cabinet of Prime Minister Juhan Parts, ...
res-verbum controversy: (from the article "humanism") Simply put, the res-verbum controversy was an extended argument between humanists who believed that language constituted the ultimate human reality and those who believed that language, though an important subject ...
Resagi, Mount: (from the article "Sumatera Selatan") ...along the western border of Sumatera Selatan and is surmounted by volcanic cones with an average elevation of 8,000 feet (2,400 metres), including Mount Dempo (10,364 feet [3,159 metres]) and ...
Resaina, Battle of: (from the article "Shapur I") ...father, Ardashir I. Shapur continued his father's wars with Rome, conquering Nisibis (modern Nusaybin, Tur.) and Carrhae (Harran, Tur.) and advancing deep into Syria. Defeated at Resaina (now in Turkey) ...
Resch, Alexander: (from the article "Bobsleigh, Skeleton, and Luge") In men's doubles action, Germans Patric Leitner and Alexander Resch returned to the track in full form and battled with Italy's Christian Oberstolz and Patric Gruber throughout the nine-race World ...
rescripta: (from the article "diplomatics") The important governmental documents of the late Roman and early Byzantine empires include laws, edicts, decrees (imperial decisions concerning civil and penal law), and rescripts (the emperor's replies to inquiries ...
Rescue and Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Space, Agreement on the: (from the article "space law") ...international space law; like most subsequent space-law agreements generated by the United Nations, it remains in effect today among participating countries. This treaty was followed in 1968 by an Agreement ...
rescue grass: (from the article "bromegrass") Rescue grass (B. catharticus), a winter annual introduced from South America into the United States as a forage and pasture grass, and smooth brome (B. inermis), a perennial native to ...
rescue period: (from the article "collective behaviour") Just as initial fragmentation is followed by unnatural solidarity, stunned immobility gives way to a frenzy of activity in the rescue stage. Although activity is often inefficient, the task of ...
Research and Analysis Wing: (from the article "intelligence") ...Naval Intelligence, and Air Intelligence, and the Joint Cipher Bureau provides interservice cryptology and signals intelligence. India's most important intelligence agency is a civilian service, the Research and Analysis Wing ...
research and development: in industry, two intimately related processes by which new products and new forms of old products are brought into being through technological innovation. [10 Related Articles]
research association: (from the article "research and development") A more important part of the industrial research and development effort in western Europe and in Japan is represented by research associations. Most of these organizations are concerned with a ...
Research Corporation: (from the article "Cottrell, Frederick Gardner") Cottrell taught chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1902 to 1911 and began his work on electrostatic precipitators in 1906. In 1912 he founded the Research Corporation, a ...
research department: (from the article "marketing") ...developed, and produced. Artists, writers, and producers work together to craft a message that meets agency and client objectives. In this department, slogans, jingles, and logos are developed. The research ...
Research in Motion Ltd.: (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") Research in Motion Ltd. settled a patent-infringement lawsuit in which adverse rulings threatened to force the shutdown of its service to 3.2 million American users of the BlackBerry handheld wireless ...
research laboratory: (from the article "research and development") Company laboratories fall into three clear categories: research laboratories, development laboratories, and test laboratories.
Research Libraries, Center for: (from the article "library") Pressure on library space spurred librarians to discuss means of cooperative storage. Perhaps the foremost example is the Center for Research Libraries (formerly the Midwest Interlibrary Center) in Chicago, which ...
research library: (from the article "library") Before the invention of printing, it was common for students to travel long distances to hear famous teachers. Printing made it possible for copies of a teacher's lectures to be ...
research method: (from the article "petroleum refining") There are two methods for carrying out the knock engine test. Research octane is measured under mild conditions of temperature and engine speed (49° C [120° F] and 600 revolutions ...
research reactor: (from the article "nuclear reactor") Research reactors
research vessel: (from the article "ship") Research vessels are often distinguished externally by cranes and winches for handling nets and small underwater vehicles. Often they are fitted with bow and stern side thrusters in order to ...
Reseau Clastres: (from the article "Niaux") ...panels showing bison and horses drawn in outline. The cave is also important for its surviving drawings engraved into the clay floor, including fish and a bison. Another gallery, known ...
Resedaceae: (from the article "Brassicales") Resedaceae, Gyrostemonaceae, Tovariaceae, and Pentadiplandraceae have flowers in which the sepals and petals often do not tightly surround the flower as it develops, and they have embryos that are curved ...
Resen, Hans Paulsen: (from the article "biblical literature") A rendering by Hans Paulsen Resen (1605-07) was distinguished by its accuracy and learning and was the first made directly from Hebrew and Greek, but its style was not felicitous ...
Resende: city, western Rio de Janeiro estado (state), eastern Brazil. It is situated on the Paraiba do Sul River, opposite Agulhas Negras, at 1,296 feet (395 metres) above ...
Resende, Andre de: (from the article "Portuguese literature") ...III reformed the University of Coimbra, and distinguished Portuguese teachers returned from abroad to assist the king in this task. At home Portugal produced scholars of note, including Andre de ...
Resende, Garcia de: Portuguese poet, chronicler, and editor, whose life was spent in the service of the Portuguese court. [1 Related Articles]
reserpine: drug derived from the roots of certain species of the tropical plant Rauwolfia. The powdered whole root of the Indian shrub Rauwolfia serpentina historically ... [6 Related Articles]
reservation: (from the article "international law") ...that enables countries that accept the basic principles of a treaty to become a party to it even though they may have concerns about peripheral issues. These concerns are referred ...
reservation: tract of land set aside by a government for the use of one or more aboriginal peoples. In the early 21st century, reservations existed on every continent except Antarctica but ... [11 Related Articles]
reserve: (from the article "central bank") 5. Many central banks have the authority to fix and to vary, within limits, the minimum cash reserves that banks must hold against their deposit liabilities. In some countries the ...
reserve: (from the article "coal mining") Resources and reserves
Reserve Bank of Australia: (from the article "Australia") The Reserve Bank of Australia, Australia's central bank, is responsible for issuing the country's currency, the Australian dollar (coins are issued by the Royal Australian Mint). Its statutory functions stipulate ...
Reserve Bank of India: (from the article "Singh, Manmohan") ...the University of Oxford. In the 1970s he was named to a series of economic advisory posts with the Indian government and became a frequent consultant to prime ministers. Singh ...
Reserve Bank of Malawi: (from the article "Malawi") There are two commercial banks-the National Bank of Malawi and the Commercial Bank of Malawi. The Reserve Bank of Malawi is the central bank of the country. Other financial institutions ...
Reserve Bank of New Zealand: (from the article "New Zealand") ...plans to upgrade Auckland's infrastructure and rail networks over the next decade, and $NZ 500 million over four years for economic development and export incentives. To contain inflation, the Reserve ...
reserve fund: (from the article "marketing board") Where products are produced primarily for export, the boards may seek protection from fluctuating world prices. In one approach, practiced widely in West Africa, a reserve fund is accumulated when ...
Reserve Rule: (from the article "baseball") ...stating that baseball was not a business that was subject to antitrust rules, baseball felt assured that its legal and economic foundation was firm. This foundation is primarily based on ...
reserve tranche: (from the article "international payment and exchange") The exercise of Drawing Rights is subject to discussion and sometimes to conditions, except for drawings on what are called the reserve tranches (sums equal to the member's original deposits ...
reservoir: an open-air storage area (usually formed by masonry or earthwork) where water is collected and kept in quantity so that it may be drawn off for use. [8 Related Articles]
reservoir engineering: (from the article "petroleum engineering") ...engineering to focus on the entire oil-water-gas reservoir system rather than on the individual well. Studying the optimum spacing of wells in an entire field led to the concept of ...
reservoir pool: (from the article "biogeochemical cycle") Each cycle can be considered as having a reservoir (nutrient) pool-a larger, slow-moving, usually abiotic portion-and an exchange (cycling) pool-a smaller but more active portion concerned with the rapid exchange ...
reservoir rock: (from the article "petroleum") Accumulations of petroleum are usually found in relatively coarse-grained, permeable, and porous sedimentary reservoir rocks that contain little, if any, insoluble organic matter. It is unlikely that the vast quantities ...
resettlement: (from the article "Israel") The withdrawal was not easily achieved; it entailed the evacuation of more than 9,000 Jewish settlers and encountered strong domestic opposition. Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's right-wing opponents challenged him in ...
Resheph: ancient West Semitic god of the plague and of the underworld, the companion of Anath, and the equivalent of the Babylonian god Nergal. He was also a war god and ... [1 Related Articles]
Resheph-Apollo temple: (from the article "Idalium") ...city of Citium, it became the centre of a cult of Aphrodite and of the Greco-Phoenician deity Resheph-Apollo. A terra-cotta model found there (now in the Louvre) is believed to ...
Reshevsky, Samuel Herman: American chess master who was an outstanding player though he never won a world championship.
Resia Pass: pass south of the Austrian-Italian border and just east of the Swiss frontier. It is 4,934 feet (1,504 m) high and about 1 mile (1.6 km) long and separates the ... [1 Related Articles]
Resid Pasa, Mustafa: Ottoman statesman and diplomat who was grand vizier (chief minister) on six occasions. He took a leading part in initiating, drafting, and promulgating the first of the reform edicts known ... [4 Related Articles]
residence: in anthropology, the location of a domicile, particularly after marriage. Residence has been an important area of investigation because it is a locus where biological (consanguineal) and marital (affinal) forms ... [2 Related Articles]
Residence: (from the article "Western sculpture") ...can be made between the Baroque and the Rococo in central and eastern Europe, either chronologically or stylistically. The first Rococo decorative ensembles in Germany, the Reiche Zimmer of the ...
residence time: (from the article "atmosphere, evolution of") ...molecules of the gas in question are passing through the atmosphere and are not permanently resident. The rate of the resulting turnover of molecules in the atmosphere is expressed in ...
residence time: (from the article "hydrosphere") The various reservoirs in the hydrologic cycle have different water residence times. Residence time is defined as the amount of water in a reservoir divided by either the rate of ...
residencia: in colonial Spanish America, judicial review of an official's acts, conducted at the conclusion of his term of office. Originating in Castile in the early 15th century, it was extended ...
Residency: (from the article "Lucknow") ...assemble during the month of Muharram. The Rumi Darwaza, or Turkish Gate, was modeled (1784) after the Sublime Porte (Bab-iHumayun) in Istanbul. The best-preserved monument is the Residency (1800), the ...
residency: (from the article "medical education") ...medical register. In North America, the first year of such training has been known as an internship, but it is no longer distinguished in most hospitals from the total postgraduate ...
resident embassy: (from the article "diplomacy") ...At this time, envoys generally did not travel with their wives (who were assumed to be indiscreet), but their missions usually employed cooks for purposes of hospitality and to avoid ...
residential architecture: (from the article "architecture") Domestic architecture is produced for the social unit: the individual, family, or clan and their dependents, human and animal. It provides shelter and security for the basic physical functions of ...
residential hotel: (from the article "hotel") ...special attractions, such as beaches and seashores, scenic or historic areas, ski parks, or spas. Though some resorts operate on a seasonal basis, the majority now try to operate all ...
residential school: (from the article "special education") ...world. This type of organization allows children to attend neighbourhood schools that offer specialized instruction, such as remedial classes for students who need extra help. By contrast, "residential schools" enroll ...
Residenz: (from the article "Neumann, Balthasar") ...of that city's ruling prince-bishop, a member of the Schonborn family, after working on military fortifications. In 1719 Neumann began directing construction of the first stage of the new Residenz ...
Residenztheater: (from the article "Rococo style") ...of the most beautiful of all Rococo buildings outside France are to be seen in Munich-for example, the refined and delicate Amalienburg (1734-39), in the park of Nymphenburg, and the ...
residual: (from the article "statistics") ...are represented by the points scattered about the line. The difference between the observed value of y and the value of y predicted by the estimated regression equation is called ...
residual design: (from the article "combinatorics") ...(upsilon, k, lambda) design intersect in exactly k treatments. By deleting one block and all the treatments contained in it, it is possible to obtain from the symmetric design its ...
residual juice: (from the article "sugar") ...with maceration water from all mills, are combined into a mixed juice called dilute juice. Juice from the last mill in the series (which does not receive a current of ...
residual landform: landform that was produced as the remains of an ancient landscape, escaping burial or destruction to remain as part of the present landscape. Residual landforms are often the result of ... [3 Related Articles]
residual loss: (from the article "agency theory, financial") ...the quality of his actions; and the cash value of any loss in utility experienced by the principal that results from the agent's self-interested behaviour. The last component, known as ...
residual ore deposit: (from the article "mineral deposit") ...But solutions can also form deposits by dissolving and removing valueless material, leaving a residuum of less-soluble ore minerals. Deposits developed as residues from dissolution are called residual deposits. They ...
residual radiation: (from the article "nuclear weapon") Residual radiation is defined as radiation emitted more than one minute after the detonation. If the fission explosion is an airburst, the residual radiation will come mainly from the weapon ...
residual schizophrenia: (from the article "schizophrenia") 5. The residual type is typically distinguished by the lack of distinct features that define the other types and is considered a less severe diagnosis. Individuals diagnosed with the residual ...
residual sum of squares: (from the article "statistics") ...variable about its mean: Sigma(y − y)². This quantity is known as the total sum of squares. The measure of unexplained variation, SSE, is referred to as the residual sum ...
residual volume: (from the article "respiration") ...them. At the close of the expiratory act, a normal subject may, by additional effort, expel another 1,200 millilitres of gas. Even after the most forceful expiratory effort, however, there ...
residual-claimant theory of wages: (from the article "wage and salary") The residual-claimant theory holds that, after all other factors of production have received compensation for their contribution to the process, the amount of capital left over will go to the ...
residuary resistance: (from the article "ship") Wave-making and eddy-making resistance components are often lumped into a single "residuary resistance," especially when resistance measurements are extrapolated from model testing. Wave making is usually by far the larger ...
residue: (from the article "modular arithmetic") Under modular arithmetic (with mod N), the only numbers are 0, 1, 2, &elipsis;, N − 1, and they are known as residues modulo N. Residues are added by taking the usual arithmetic sum, then subtracting ...
residues, theory of: (from the article "Gerhardt, Charles") Turning his attention to organic substitutions, Gerhardt characterized them as "double decompositions" to describe the general path of substitution involving two reagents-a simple inorganic by-product such as water or hydrogen ...
resilin: (from the article "insect") ...insects is effected by muscles acting on the external skeleton. In leaping insects (e.g., grasshoppers, fleas) the force of muscle contraction is used to compress a pad of an elastic ...
resin: any natural or synthetic organic compound consisting of a noncrystalline or viscous liquid substance. Natural resins are typically fusible and flammable organic substances that are transparent or translucent and are ... [14 Related Articles]
resin canal: (from the article "wood") A transverse section of trunk also shows linear features called rays radiating from pith to bark and ranging in width from very distinct, as in oak, to indistinct to the ...
resin transfer molding: (from the article "materials science") Resin transfer molding, or RTM, is a composites processing method that offers a high potential for tailorability but is currently limited to low-viscosity (easily flowing) thermosetting polymers. In RTM, a ...
resinite: (from the article "Petrologic components in coal and their groupings") ...Several varieties are recognized, including sporinite (spores are typically preserved as flattened spheroids), cutinite (part of cross sections of leaves, often with crenulated surfaces), and resinite (ovoid and sometimes translucent ...
resinous lustre: (from the article "mineral") ...are used to distinguish the lustre of nonmetallic minerals: vitreous, having the lustre of a piece of broken glass (this is commonly seen in quartz and many other nonmetallic minerals); ...
resist printing: any of various methods of colouring cloth in a pattern by pretreating designed areas to resist penetration by the dye. To obtain a two-colour pattern on goods already dyed in ... [1 Related Articles]
resistance: in electricity, property of an electric circuit or part of a circuit that transforms electric energy into heat energy in opposing electric current. Resistance involves collisions of the current-carrying charged ... [16 Related Articles]
resistance: (from the article "plant disease") Disease-resistant varieties of plants offer an effective, safe, and relatively inexpensive method of control for many crop diseases. Most available commercial varieties of crop plants bear resistance to at least ...
resistance: (from the article "mechanics") In all of this discussion, the effects of air resistance (to say nothing of wind and other more complicated phenomena) have been neglected. These effects are seldom actually negligible. They ...
resistance: in European history, any of various secret and clandestine groups that sprang up throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II to oppose Nazi rule. The exact number of those who ... [15 Related Articles]
resistance dimmer: (from the article "stage design") There are three basic types of mechanically controlled dimmers: resistance, saturable core, and autotransformer. The resistance dimmer was the first commercially successful theatrical dimmer. Developed in the late 19th century, ...
resistance furnace: (from the article "electric furnace") Modern electric furnaces generally are either arc furnaces or induction furnaces. A third type, the resistance furnace, is still used in the production of silicon carbide and electrolytic aluminum; in ...
resistance literature: (from the article "Brazilian literature") Political literature in Brazil is not usually treated as a separate category. However, owing to the significant impact that the military regime exerted upon culture and literature between 1964 and ...
resistance pyrometer: (from the article "pyrometer") In resistance pyrometers a fine wire is put in contact with the object. The instrument converts the change in electrical resistance caused by heat to a reading of the temperature ...
resistance strain gauge: (from the article "strain gauge") The resistance strain gauge is a valuable tool in the field of experimental stress analysis. It operates on the principle, discovered by the British physicist William Thompson (later Lord Kelvin) ...
resistance welding: (from the article "steel") The most widely used welding system, the electric-resistance welding (ERW) line, starts with a descaled hot-rolled strip that is first slit into coils of a specific width to fit a ...
Resistance, Party of: (from the article "Thiers, Adolphe") ...for the treasury (1830), minister of the interior (1832 and 1834-36), and minister of trade and public works (1833-34). During those years, he was the most notable representative of the ...
Resistencia: city, capital of Chaco provincia (province), northeastern Argentina, on a stream that flows into the Parana River at the river port of Barranqueras, 4 miles (6 km) ...