| | - radian
- (from the article "steradian") ...complete surface area of a sphere is 4pi times the square of its radius, the total solid angle about a point is equal to 4pi steradians. Derived from the Greek ...
- radiant
- (from the article "meteor shower") A meteor shower's name is usually derived from that of the constellation (or of a star therein) in which the shower's radiant is situated-i.e., the point in the sky from ...
- radiant electric resistance heating system
- (from the article "building construction") Radiant electric resistance heating systems use coils in baseboard units in the rooms, which create convection cycles similar to hot-water radiators, or resistance cables in continuous looped patterns embedded in ...
- radiant energy
- (from the article "human disease") Sustained exposure to two forms of radiant energy-namely, UV light and ionizing radiation-is carcinogenic for humans. Repeated and sustained exposure to UV rays emanating from the Sun causes mutations of ...
- radiant heating
- (from the article "building construction") Another common heating system is the radiant hot-water type. The heat source is applied to a small boiler, in which water is heated and from which it is circulated by ...
- radiant hot-water heating system
- (from the article "building construction") Another common heating system is the radiant hot-water type. The heat source is applied to a small boiler, in which water is heated and from which it is circulated by ...
- Radiata
- (from the article "animal") The two coelenterate phyla (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) advanced in complexity beyond the parazoans by developing incipient tissues-groups of cells that are integrally coordinated in the performance of a certain function. ...
- radiata pine
- (from the article "pine") The beautiful Monterey pine (P. radiata), found sparingly along the California coast, is distinguished by the brilliant colour of its foliage. The Torrey pine (P. torreyana) is found only in ...
- radiate head
- (from the article "Asterales") The radiate head has disk flowers in the centre surrounded by one or more marginal rows of another kind of flower, the ray flower. The corolla of ray flowers is ...
- radiating texture
- (from the article "mineral") ...size; lamellar, flat, platelike individuals arranged in layers; bladed, elongated crystals flattened like a knife blade; fibrous, an aggregate of slender fibres, parallel or radiating; acicular, slender, needlelike crystals; radiating, ...
- radiation
- flow of atomic and subatomic particles and of waves, such as those that characterize heat rays, light rays, and X rays. All matter is constantly bombarded with radiation of both ... [37 Related Articles]
- radiation budget
- (from the article "climate") The difference between the solar radiation absorbed and the thermal radiation emitted to space determines Earth's radiation budget. Since there is no appreciable long-term trend in planetary temperature, it may ...
- radiation chemistry
- (from the article "radiation") When a target is bombarded by a positive ion such as the hydrogen ion H+ or the deuterium ion D+ from a particle accelerator or the alpha particle 4He2+ from ...
- radiation conductivity
- (from the article "industrial glass") The thermal conductivity of oxide glass due to atomic vibrations (the so-called phonon mechanism) does not increase appreciably with temperature. On the other hand, the radiation conductivity (thermal conductivity due ...
- Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act
- (from the article "Food and Drug Administration") ...and purity standards and provided for factory inspection and for legal remedy; the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, which required honest, informative, and standardized labeling of products; the Radiation Control ...
- radiation damping
- (from the article "damping") In radiation damping, vibrating energy of moving charges, such as electrons, is converted to electromagnetic energy and is emitted in the form of radio waves or infrared or visible light.
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation
- (from the article "Hiroshima") Hiroshima has become a spiritual centre of the peace movement for the banning of nuclear weapons. In 1947 the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (since 1975 the Radiation Effects Research Foundation) ...
- radiation fog
- (from the article "fog") ...strong enough to produce turbulent mixing through a considerable depth of the atmosphere. Typical advection fogs extend up to heights of a few hundred metres and sometimes also occur together ...
- radiation frost
- (from the article "agricultural technology") Two types of frost are recognized: (1) radiation frost, which occurs on clear nights with little or no wind when the outgoing radiation is excessive and the air temperature is ...
- radiation injury
- tissue damage or changes caused by exposure to ionizing radiation-namely, gamma rays, X-rays, and such high-energy particles as neutrons, electrons, and positrons. Sources of ionizing radiation may be natural (e.g., ... [9 Related Articles]
- radiation measurement
- technique for detecting the intensity and characteristics of ionizing radiation, such as alpha, beta, and gamma rays or neutrons, for the purpose of measurement. [6 Related Articles]
- radiation pressure
- the pressure on a surface resulting from electromagnetic radiation that impinges on it, which results from the momentum carried by that radiation; radiation pressure is doubled if the radiation is ... [2 Related Articles]
- radiation processing
- (from the article "radiation") The large-scale use of such ionizing radiation for modifying and synthesizing materials, known as radiation processing, represents a minor yet significant technology. It involves irradiating materials either with a beam ...
- radiation sterilization
- (from the article "food preservation") Food irradiation involves the use of either high-speed electron beams or high-energy radiation with wavelengths smaller than 200 nanometres, or 2000 angstroms (e.g., X rays and gamma rays). These rays ...
- radiation therapy
- use of radiation sources in the treatment or relief of diseases. Radiation therapy almost always makes use of ionizing radiation, deep tissue-penetrating rays, which can physically and chemically react with ... [22 Related Articles]
- radiation-damage dating
- method of age determination that makes use of the damage to crystals and the radiation from radioactive substances caused by storage of energy in electron traps. In the mineral zircon, ... [3 Related Articles]
- radiative forcing
- (from the article "Climate Change-The Global Effects") ...the Earth's overall warming, therefore, scientists examine the balance of the energy that reaches the Earth from the Sun and the energy that is radiated away from the Earth. They ...
- radiative nuclear encounter
- (from the article "radiation") At extremely high velocities an electron loses a substantial part of its energy by radiative nuclear encounter. Lost energy is carried by energetic X rays (i.e., bremsstrahlung). The ratio of ...
- radiator
- (from the article "cooling system") ...automotive cooling system comprises (1) a series of channels cast into the engine block and cylinder head, surrounding the combustion chambers with circulating liquid to carry away heat; (2) a ...
- radiator hydrometer
- (from the article "hydrometer") ...instrument is the storage-battery hydrometer, by means of which the specific gravity of the battery liquid can be measured and the condition of the battery determined. Another instrument is the ...
- Radic, Stjepan
- peasant leader and advocate of autonomy for Croatia (within a federalized Yugoslavia). [5 Related Articles]
- radical
- in chemistry, molecule that contains at least one unpaired electron. Most molecules contain even numbers of electrons, and the covalent chemical bonds holding the atoms together within a molecule normally ... [15 Related Articles]
- radical
- in politics, one who desires extreme change of part or all of the social order. The word was first used in a political sense in England, and its introduction is ... [1 Related Articles]
- Radical Civic Union
- major centre-left political party in Argentina. For much of the 20th century, the Radical Civic Union (UCR) was the primary opposition party to the Peronists, who are represented by the ... [9 Related Articles]
- radical critique
- (from the article "economics") The question of relevance was at the centre of a "radical critique" of economics that developed along with the student revolts and social movements of the late 1960s. The radical ...
- Radical Democratic Party
- centrist political party of Switzerland. With the Christian Democratic People's Party, the Social Democratic Party, and the Swiss People's Party, the Radical Democratic Party has governed Switzerland as part of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Radical Democrats
- (from the article "Chile") ...1989 resulted in the removal of the ban on Marxist parties, just one of the amendments to the 1981 constitution that was voted on in a national referendum. Parties under ...
- radical empiricism
- a theory of knowledge and a metaphysics (theory of Being) advanced by William James, an American pragmatist philosopher and psychologist, based on the pragmatic theory of truth and the principle ... [2 Related Articles]
- radical feminism
- (from the article "feminism") In contrast to the pragmatic approach taken by liberal feminism, radical feminism aimed to reshape society and restructure its institutions, which they saw as inherently patriarchal. Providing the core theory ...
- radical geography
- (from the article "geography") ...it has an associated politics. Many geographers inspired by this approach in the context of the world situation in the 1960s and '70s were attracted to the politics and adopted ...
- radical hysterectomy
- (from the article "cervical cancer") ...has spread locally within the tissue, one of two types of hysterectomy may be required. A simple hysterectomy that removes the uterus and cervix will suffice in some cases, whereas ...
- Radical Left Party
- (from the article "Denmark") ...over the Conservatives, it soon became apparent that it was impossible for the Left Reformers, led by Jens Christian Christensen, to remain united. In 1905 a radical faction broke away ...
- Radical Liberal Party
- (from the article "Ecuador") ...serving two terms (1897-1901 and 1906-11). Much of the administrative structure of the Garcia Moreno era was dismantled. The anticlerical liberals, proclaiming themselves the Radical Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Radical; ...
- Radical Liberal Party
- (from the article "Forckenbeck, Maximilian Franz August von") ...himself to the political designs of Bismarck. After Bismarck's break with the National Liberals in 1878, however, Forckenbeck joined with much of the party's left wing to form the secessionist ...
- radical mastectomy
- (from the article "breast cancer") ...only the cancerous mass and a small amount of surrounding tissue; a simple mastectomy removes the entire breast; and a modified radical mastectomy removes the breast along with adjacent lymph ...
- Radical Party
- (from the article "Chile") ...1989 resulted in the removal of the ban on Marxist parties, just one of the amendments to the 1981 constitution that was voted on in a national referendum. Parties under ...
- Radical Party
- (from the article "Daladier, Edouard") Daladier was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1919 as a member of the Radical Party from Vaucluse departement. Daladier quickly made his mark in Paris. In June 1924 ...
- Radical Party
- (from the article "Pasic, Nikola") ...Elected to parliament in 1878, he worked, as leader of the opposition, against the authoritarian monarchy in an endeavour to establish a parliamentary democracy. He also helped to found the ...
- Radical Party
- (from the article "Italy") ...rule, according to the letter of the 1848 Statuto (constitution). Most moderate Liberals rejected this argument. The campaign for constitutional government was led by Felice Cavallotti and the Radical group ...
- Radical Reconstruction
- (from the article "United States") Victorious in the fall elections, congressional Republicans moved during the 1866-67 session to devise a second, more stringent program for reconstructing the South. After long and acrimonious quarrels between Radical ...
- Radical Republican
- during and after the American Civil War, a member of the Republican Party committed to emancipation of the slaves and later to the equal treatment and enfranchisement of the freed ... [14 Related Articles]
- Radical Republican Party
- (from the article "Lerroux, Alejandro") leader of the Spanish Radical Party who headed four governments during the period of centre-right rule (1933-35) in the Second Republic (1931-39).role in Spain
- radical scavenger
- (from the article "Food preservatives") ...free radicals, are highly reactive, producing compounds that cause the off-flavours and off-odours characteristic of oxidative rancidity. Antioxidants that react with the free radicals (called free radical scavengers) can slow ...
- radical theory
- (from the article "criminology") ...In particular, these theories generally explain both crime and criminal justice as by-products of capitalism and explore alternative systems that might generate more harmonious social relations. Radical theories tend to ...
- Radical-Socialist Party
- the oldest of the French political parties, officially founded in 1901 but tracing back to "radical" groups of the 19th century. Traditionally a centrist party without rigid ideology or structure, ... [6 Related Articles]
- radicalism
- (from the article "Bentham, Jeremy") ...be Blackstone's "antipathy to reform." Bentham's book, written in a clear and concise style different from that of his later works, may be said to mark the beginning of philosophic ...
- radicalism
- (from the article "social science") ...it was a nonetheless influential one, affecting a number of the central social scientists of the century, among them Auguste Comte and Tocqueville and later Max Weber and Emile Durkheim. ...
- Radicevic, Branko
- (from the article "Serbian literature") ...verse an event from Montenegrin history, giving a unique picture of Montenegrin society and reflecting Njegos's philosophy of the eternal struggle between good and evil. The lyric verses of Branko ...
- radicidation
- (from the article "food preservation") ...a dose in the range of 20 to 30 kilograys, necessary to sterilize a food product. Radurization is a dose of 1 to 10 kilograys, that, like pasteurization, is useful ...
- radicle
- (from the article "plant development") ...the octant group will ultimately produce the seed leaves (cotyledons) and the shoot apex; the other four will form the hypocotyl, the part of the embryo between the cotyledons and ...
- Radicova, Iveta
- (from the article "Slovakia") ...image, Dzurinda backed the resignation in October of controversial Labour and Social Affairs Minister Ludovit Kanik in connection with questionable financial dealings. The respected sociologist Iveta Radicova replaced Kanik, becoming ...
- radif
- (from the article "dastgah") ...rast-panjgah. The 12 dastgahs, with their constituent pieces, make up the radif, a body of music consisting of 200 to 300 pieces that are ...
- Radiguet, Raymond
- precocious French novelist and poet who wrote at 17 a masterpiece of astonishing insight and stylistic excellence, Le Diable au corps (1923; The Devil in the Flesh), which remains a ... [1 Related Articles]
- Radin, Max
- (from the article "satire") ...tyranny, satire of the forms, institutions, or personalities of that tyranny is impossible. But, under the more relaxed authoritarianism of an easier going day, remarkable things could be done. Max ...
- Radin, Paul
- U.S. anthropologist who was influential in advancing a historical model of social structures based on a synthesis of approaches, including social theory, economics, religion, philosophy, and psychology. He pioneered in ...
- Radini-Tedeschi, Giacomo
- (from the article "John XXIII") ...that was to lead to the papacy a half century later. Simply because he was a priest of Bergamo, he was asked by the reigning pope, Pius X, to assist ...
- radio
- transmission and detection of communication signals consisting of electromagnetic waves that travel through the air in a straight line or by reflection from the ionosphere or from a communications satellite. ... [35 Related Articles]
- Radio 1
- (from the article "Capital Radio") ...1973 came some 16 years after the British government had outlawed the previous batch of commercial stations, the so-called pirates, whose staff and style had been recruited and diluted to ...
- Radio Act
- (from the article "broadcasting") ...business arrangements that were being made between the leading manufacturers of radio equipment and the leading broadcasters seemed to threaten monopoly. Congress responded by passing the Radio Act of 1927, ...
- radio altimeter
- (from the article "altimeter") ...surface or any object such as an airplane. The two main types are the pressure altimeter, or aneroid barometer, which approximates altitude above sea level by measuring atmospheric pressure, and ...
- radio and radar astronomy
- study of celestial bodies by examination of the radio-frequency energy they emit or reflect. Radio waves penetrate much of the gas and dust in space, ... [11 Related Articles]
- Radio and TV Marti
- (from the article "Cuba") ...not affiliated with the Communist Party. The U.S. also directed $59 million toward activities intended to undermine the Cuban government, including increased funding for anti-Castro broadcasts by Radio and TV ...
- Radio Arman
- (from the article "Media and Publishing") Radio Arman ("Radio Hope"), Afghanistan's first privately owned independent FM radio station, was begun in 2003 by the Mohseni brothers Saad, Zaid, and Jahed. In 2004 it was broadcasting 24 ...
- Radio Australia
- (from the article "broadcasting") ...Public broadcasting is heard on about 70 radio stations. The Special Broadcasting Service has two radio stations and two television stations and is Australia's only UHF (ultrahigh frequency) outlet. Radio ...
- Radio Authority
- (from the article "broadcasting") ...broadcasting. It reassigned the regulatory duties of the Independent Broadcasting Authority and Cable Authority to two newly formed bodies, the Independent Television Commission (ITC) and the Radio Authority. The ITC ...
- radio beacon
- (from the article "lighthouse") Radio beacons, which first appeared in the 1920s, transmit in the frequency band of 285-315 kilohertz. In a characteristic signal lasting one minute, the station identification, in Morse code, is ...
- Radio Caroline
- (from the article "Rock and radio in the United Kingdom") In spring 1964, Radio Caroline began broadcasting from a ship anchored in international waters off the coast of Essex. Its nonstop pop was presented by young, effusive disc jockeys, punctuated ...
- Radio City Music Hall
- (from the article "Deskey, Donald") ...for decorative purposes brought him acclaim and caught the attention of the Rockefeller Center, Inc., which in 1932 awarded him a large contract for the interior decoration and furnishings for ...
- radio direction finder
- radio receiver and directional antenna system used to determine the direction of the source of a signal. It most often refers to a device used to check the position of ... [1 Related Articles]
- radio emission
- (from the article "Jupiter") Jupiter was the first planet found (in 1955) to be a source of radiation at radio wavelengths (see radio and radar astronomy). The radiation was recorded at a frequency of ...
- radio energy
- (from the article "altimeter") The radio altimeter measures the distance of an aircraft above the ground rather than above sea level. The altitude is equal to one-half the time that it takes a pulse ...
- Radio Free Europe
- (from the article "broadcasting") ...for Christian Communications, set up in 1968 and based in London, and the Association Catholique Internationale pour la Radio, la Television, et l'Audiovisuel, based in Brussels. Radio Free Europe, based ...
- radio frequency integrated circuit
- (from the article "integrated circuit") Radio-frequency ICs (RFICs) are rapidly gaining importance in cellular telephones and pagers. RFICs are analog circuits that usually run in the frequency range of 900 MHz to 2.4 GHz (900 ...
- radio galaxy
- (from the article "galaxy") Systems that separate galaxies according to the character of their radio structure and the strength of their radio emissions also have been devised. For example, radio galaxies can be classified ...
- radio interferometer
- apparatus consisting of two or more separate antennas that receive radio waves from the same astronomical object and are joined to the same receiver. The antennas may be placed close ... [3 Related Articles]
- Radio London
- (from the article "Kenny Everett") Liverpool-born Maurice Cole changed his name to Kenny Everett as a legal precaution before making his broadcasting debut on pirate Radio London, the slickest of the illegal stations that ringed ...
- Radio Luxembourg
- (from the article "Radio Luxembourg") Until the advent of pirate radio in 1964, the evenings-only English-language broadcasts from Radio Luxembourg-208 on the dial and transmitted from the grand duchy-represented the only pop music radio regularly ...
- Radio Nacional Espanola
- (from the article "Spain") Radio broadcasting began on a small scale in the 1920s. A government station, Radio Nacional de Espana (RNE), was set up by the Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War, but ...
- radio navigation
- (from the article "navigation") Radio navigation
airportsairportNavigational aidsThe most common form of navaid used for the approach phase of aircraft descent is the ins
- Radio New Zealand Ltd.
- (from the article "broadcasting") ...the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation. In 1977 the Broadcasting Corporation of New Zealand was created, incorporating two previously independent networks. Dissolved in 1988, it was replaced by Radio New Zealand ...
- Radio Normandy
- (from the article "broadcasting") ...monopoly was declared in 1923 and state broadcasting remained a department of the Administration of Posts and Telegraphs until World War II, some private stations were granted licenses, including Radio ...
- radio range
- in aerial navigation, a system of radio transmitting stations, each of which transmits a signal that not only carries identification but also is of intrinsic value to a navigator in ... [1 Related Articles]
- radio relay
- (from the article "military communication") Radio relay, born of the necessity for mobility, became the outstanding communication development of World War II. Sets employing frequency modulation and carrier techniques were developed and used, as were ...
- Radio Research Laboratory
- (from the article "Terman, Frederick Emmons") During World War II Terman directed a staff of more than 850 at the Radio Research Laboratory at Harvard University; this organization was the source of Allied jammers to block ...
- Radio Sawa
- (from the article "Media and Publishing") Palestinian radio station Voice of Love and Peace (VOLP) planned to sue Radio Sawa, the U.S. government's Arabic network, for using 94.2 FM. Assigned to VOLP since 1996, the frequency ...
- radio sensor
- (from the article "warning system") Radio receivers can be used to detect and locate enemy radio. Enemy radars can be located in much the same way. Messages can be intercepted. This form of warning has ...
- Radio Shack
- (from the article "personal computer") ...in 1977, when Apple Computer, Inc. (now Apple Inc.), founded by Steven P. Jobs and Stephen G. Wozniak, introduced the Apple II, one of the first pre-assembled, mass-produced personal computers. ...
- radio source
- in astronomy, any of various objects in the universe that emit relatively large amounts of radio waves. Nearly all types of astronomical objects give off some radio radiation, but the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Radio Telefis Eireann
- (from the article "Ireland") Best-known of the Irish classical composers are John Field, whose work influenced that of Frederic Chopin, and Michael Balfe. Based in Dublin and maintained by Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE; the ...
- radio telescope
- astronomical instrument consisting of a radio receiver and an antenna system that is used to detect radio-frequency radiation emitted by extraterrestrial sources. Because radio wavelengths are much longer than those ... [11 Related Articles]
- Radio Television Malaysia
- (from the article "Malaysia") ...many public and private radio stations cater to urban listeners, radio is the primary information channel in remote rural areas. Both on the peninsula and in East Malaysia, the government-operated ...
|
|
