| | - replacement cost
- (from the article "insurance") Recovery under homeowner's forms may be on the basis of either full replacement cost or actual cash value (ACV). Under the former, the owner suffers no reduction in loss recovery ...
- replacement deposit
- (from the article "replacement deposit") in geology, mineral deposit formed by chemical processes that dissolve a rock and deposit a new assemblage of minerals in its place. See metasomatic replacement.hydrothermal ore deposits
- replacement reaction
- (from the article "halogen element") Fluorine replaces any other halide ion from its compounds, as shown in the following equations. Chlorine, however, replaces only bromide, iodide, and astatide ions, and bromine only iodide and astatide ...
- replacement texture
- (from the article "igneous rock") Replacement textures occur where a mineral or mineral aggregate has the external crystal form of a preexisting different mineral (pseudomorphism) or where the juxtaposition of two minerals indicates that one ...
- Replacements, the
- American rock band that combined the intensity of punk with melodic hooks and heartfelt lyrics, in the process providing an important bridge from the punk movement of the late 1970s ...
- replevin
- a form of lawsuit in common-law countries, such as England, Commonwealth countries, and the United States, for return of personal property wrongfully taken and for compensation for resulting loss. Replevin ... [2 Related Articles]
- replication
- (from the article "heredity") The Watson-Crick model of the structure of DNA suggested at least three different ways that DNA might self-replicate. The experiments of Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl on the bacterium Escherichia ...
- replicative transposition
- (from the article "nucleic acid") ...is replicated prior to moving. This second type of transposition leaves behind the original copy of the transposon and generates a second copy that is inserted elsewhere in the genome. ...
- Repnin, Nikolay Vasilyevich, Prince
- diplomat and military officer who served Catherine II the Great of Russia by greatly increasing Russia's influence over Poland before that country was partitioned. He later distinguished himself in Russia's ...
- repolarization
- (from the article "human cardiovascular system") ...as the P wave. As it continues through the ventricles, it is registered as the QRS complex. Currents generated as the ventricles recover from the state of depolarization produce the ...
- Report of the Central Committee to the Congress
- (from the article "Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union") Highlighting the Twentieth Congress were two addresses given by Khrushchev: the famous secret speech denouncing the late Soviet leader Joseph Stalin (February 24-25), and his Report of the Central Committee ...
- Reporters Without Borders
- (from the article "Tunisia") Reporters Without Borders, whose director had been banned (in 2005) from Tunisia, in May published a devastating annual report, highlighting the hunger strike of Mohammed Abbou, a lawyer and activist ...
- repousse
- method of decorating metals in which parts of the design are raised in relief from the back or the inside of the article by means of hammers and punches; definition ... [7 Related Articles]
- representation
- (from the article "aesthetics") ...of literature, in which language is used to describe purely imaginary subjects. This relation between a work of art and its subject, captured in the word "about," is sometimes called ...
- representation
- (from the article "agency") ...principal, a principal may be composed of a group of persons carrying on a trade or business by way of a partnership, a registered company, or another kind of corporate ...
- representation
- (from the article "Freud, Sigmund") ...represented on the manifest level. Displacement also means the associative substitution of one signifier in the dream for another, say, the king for one's father. The third activity Freud called ...
- representation
- in government, method or process of enabling the citizenry, or some of them, to participate in the shaping of legislation and governmental policy through deputies chosen by them. [5 Related Articles]
- Representation of Natives Act
- (from the article "South Africa") ...to reduce access to cities by blacks. Hertzog proposed increasing the reserve areas and removing black voters in the Cape from the common roll in 1926, aims that were finally ...
- Representation of the People Acts
- (from the article "Labour Party") ...other wherever possible. After World War I the party made great strides, owing to a number of factors: first, the Liberal Party tore itself apart in a series of factional ...
- representationism
- philosophical theory of knowledge based on the assertion that the mind perceives only mental images (representations) of material objects outside the mind, not the objects themselves. The validity of human ...
- representative democracy
- (from the article "democracy") The powers of the Assembly were broad, but they were by no means unlimited. The agenda of the Assembly was set by the Council of Five Hundred, which, unlike the ...
- Representative Democratic Council
- (from the article "Korea, history of") ...decided to create a four-power trusteeship of up to five years. Upon receiving the news, Koreans reacted violently. In February 1946, to soothe the discontent, the military government created the ...
- representative element
- (from the article "chemical compound") The metallic elements are found on the left side and in the centre of the periodic table. The metals of Groups 1 and 2 are called the representative metals; those ...
- representative realism
- (from the article "epistemology") ...objects-i.e., physical entities that are public and exist independently of the mind? Realists developed two main responses to this challenge: direct (or "naive") realism and representative realism, also called the ...
- Representatives, Council of
- (from the article "Iraq") ...in many ways the framework for a fairly typical parliamentary democracy. The president is the head of state, the prime minister is the head of government, and there are two ...
- Representatives, House of
- (from the article "Australia") Australia's legislature is bicameral. The House of Representatives (the lower house) comprises 150 members, including two each from the Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory. Members are elected for three-year ...
- Representatives, House of
- (from the article "Malaysia") ...of independence (from the British) by the states of what is now Peninsular Malaysia, provides for a bicameral federal legislature, consisting of the Senate (Dewan Negara) as the upper house ...
- Representatives, House of
- one of the two houses of the bicameral United States Congress, established in 1789 by the Constitution of the United States. [22 Related Articles]
- Representatives, House of
- (from the article "Diet") ...the position of the lower house prevails after 30 days. This same provision applies to treaties. With other legislation, if the councillors reject a bill or refuse to act upon ...
- Representatives, House of
- (from the article "Croatia") The 1990 constitution changed the structure of the Sabor, or parliament, from a tricameral body under the Yugoslav system to a bicameral body consisting of the House of Representatives (or ...
- repression
- in metabolism, a control mechanism in which a protein molecule, called a repressor, prevents the synthesis of an enzyme by binding to-and thereby impeding the action of-the deoxyribonucleic acid that ... [4 Related Articles]
- repression
- (from the article "memory") Interference theory also fails to account for some pathological forms of forgetting. Repression as observed in psychiatric practice, for example, represents almost complete, highly selective forgetting, far beyond that anticipated ...
- repressor
- (from the article "gene") ...genes are linked to an operator gene in a functional unit called an operon. Ultimately, the activity of the operon is controlled by a regulator gene, which produces a small ...
- reprieve
- (from the article "commutation") ...which, if unconditional, removes the stigma both of the court decision and of the punishment and restores the person's civil rights; commutation does neither. Commutation is also distinguished from reprieve, ...
- reprisal
- (from the article "war, law of") There is here a very fine line dividing anticipatory self-defense, which may be legally permissible, from reprisal, the prime object of which is to punish an alleged wrongdoing and which ...
- Reprise Records
- (from the article "Warner/Reprise Records") Hoping to find musical freedom, Johnny Mercer, the writer of "Moon River," helped launch Capitol Records in 1942. Nineteen years later, Frank Sinatra, in search of musical freedom of his ...
- reprocessed wool
- (from the article "wool") ...wool, or, in the United States, as virgin wool. The limited world supply results in the use of recovered wools. In the United States, wool recovered from fabric never used ...
- reproduction
- process by which organisms replicate themselves. [40 Related Articles]
- reproduction
- (from the article "printmaking") What is the difference between a reproduction and an original print? In the very early days of printmaking this was not a serious problem because the print was not looked ...
- reproduction factor
- (from the article "radiation") ...which, when suitably slowed down by elastic scattering (a process called moderation), are again ready to induce more fission. The ratio of neutrons produced to neutrons absorbed is called the ...
- reproductive
- (from the article "social insect") Social insects are differentiated in structure, function, and behaviour into castes, the major ones being the reproductives (e.g., the queen) and the steriles (workers and soldiers). Besides carrying out the ...
- reproductive behaviour
- any activity directed toward perpetuation of a species. The enormous range of animal reproductive modes is matched by the variety of reproductive behaviour. [6 Related Articles]
- reproductive isolating mechanism
- (from the article "evolution") Among sexual organisms, individuals that are able to interbreed belong to the same species. The biological properties of organisms that prevent interbreeding are called reproductive isolating mechanisms (RIMs). Oaks on ...
- reproductive isolation
- (from the article "evolution") Among sexual organisms, individuals that are able to interbreed belong to the same species. The biological properties of organisms that prevent interbreeding are called reproductive isolating mechanisms (RIMs). Oaks on ...
- reproductive system
- (from the article "reproduction") In a general sense reproduction is one of the most important concepts in biology: it means making a copy, a likeness, and thereby providing for the continued existence of species. ...
- reproductive system disease
- any of the diseases and disorders that affect the human reproductive system. They include abnormal hormone production by the ovaries or the testes or by other endocrine glands, such as ... [20 Related Articles]
- reproductive system, animal
- any of the organ systems by which animals reproduce. [13 Related Articles]
- reproductive system, human
- organ system by which humans reproduce and bear live offspring. Provided all organs are present, normally constructed, and functioning properly, the essential features of human reproduction are (1) liberation of ... [12 Related Articles]
- reproductive system, plant
- any of the systems, sexual or asexual, by which plants reproduce. In plants, as in animals, the end result of reproduction is the continuation of a given species, and the ... [7 Related Articles]
- reprography
- (from the article "printing") All the various processes of duplication and reproduction of documents make up reprography, a name bestowed during the first congress devoted to these techniques, which was organized at Cologne in ...
- Repse, Einars
- (from the article "Latvia") Area: 64,589 sq km (24,938 sq mi) | Population (2004 est.): 2,312,000 | Capital: Riga | Chief of state: President Vaira Vike-Freiberga | Head of government: Prime Ministers Einars Repse, ...
- reptile
- any member of the class Reptilia, the group of air-breathing vertebrates that have internal fertilization, amniotic development, and epidermal scales covering part or all of their body. The major groups ... [38 Related Articles]
- Repton
- village (parish), South Derbyshire district, administrative and historic county of Derbyshire, England. The famous independent boys' school of Repton was founded in 1556, and its buildings incorporate parts (restored) of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Repton School
- (from the article "Repton") village (parish), South Derbyshire district, administrative and historic county of Derbyshire, England. The famous independent boys' school of Repton was founded in 1556, and its buildings incorporate parts (restored) of ...
- Repton, Humphry
- English landscape designer who became the undisputed successor to Lancelot Brown as improver of grounds to the landed gentry of England. Of a well-to-do family, he was intended for a ... [2 Related Articles]
- Repubblica, Piazza della
- (from the article "Milan") ...and exchange, Milan is also a national focus of transportation. The state-run railroads are integrated within the city landscape by means of a carefully designed and executed plan. The vast ...
- Repubblica, Piazza della
- (from the article "Rome") ...Forum, restored in 1952 to the appearance it had in Augustan times. The newest fountain in the old city is one of the most admired. Inaugurated as simple jets of ...
- republic
- (from the article "Latin America, history of") ...finding suitable European princes to rule their countries. Local figures, furthermore, lacked the necessary authority to be accepted as monarchs. Thus, for practical as well as ideological reasons, republics were ...
- Republic Airlines, Inc.
- (from the article "Northwest Airlines, Inc.") ...1980, respectively. In 1982 it established routes to South America and China; the latter had not been linked directly to the United States by air in more than 30 years. ...
- Republic Aviation
- (from the article "P-47") fighter and fighter-bomber used by the Allied air forces during World War II. A single-seat low-wing fighter developed for the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) by Republic Aviation, it was ...
- Republic Building
- (from the article "Holabird, William") ...style in favour of historic styles or the newer Prairie School architecture, Holabird and Roche continued to produce their tall commercial buildings in the Chicago style until their deaths. The ...
- Republic Day
- (from the article "Portugal") ...the Carnations of 1974 and is accompanied by parades and various cultural events; Portugal Day (June 10), which commemorates the death of 16th-century soldier-poet Luis de Camoes; and Republic Day ...
- Republic of Ireland Act
- (from the article "Ireland") ...several smaller groups. Out of office, de Valera toured the world advocating the unification and independence of Ireland. Fearful of de Valera's prestige, Costello introduced in the Dail the Republic ...
- Republic of Korea Army
- (from the article "Korean War") ...opposed this, and by autumn partisan warfare had engulfed parts of every Korean province below the 38th parallel. The fighting expanded into a limited border war between the South's newly ...
- Republic of South Africa Constitution Act
- (from the article "South Africa") ...Natal, with two former Boer (Dutch) republics, the Transvaal and Orange Free State. The new Union of South Africa was based on a parliamentary system with the British monarch as ...
- Republic Party
- (from the article "Armenia") ...boycott of legislative proceedings they had begun in February 2004 and launched a campaign to persuade voters to reject the draft constitutional amendments. Former prime minister Aram Sarkisyan's Republic Party ...
- Republic Square
- (from the article "Bucharest") Republic Square-with the palace hall and the historic Cretulescu Church (1722)-is one of the most beautiful squares of the city. It is linked to Revolution Square (formerly Palace Square), which ...
- Republic Steel Corporation
- (from the article "Eaton, Cyrus S.") U.S.-Canadian industrialist and philanthropist, founder of the Republic Steel Corporation (1930).
- Republic, Assembly of the
- (from the article "Portugal") The parliament comprises the unicameral Assembly of the Republic, which has 230 deputies. Its duties include debating and voting upon legislation, authorizing the government to raise revenues, and approving the ...
- Republic, Palace of the
- (from the article "Berlin") Two structures erected by the communist state dominate central Berlin-a 1,197-foot (365-metre) television tower and the Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik), both adjacent to the Alexanderplatz. The tower, ...
- Republic, University of the
- (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") Higher education in Uruguay is available only in the capital. The University of the Republic was founded in 1849. The Uruguay Workers' University (1878) provides vocational training through industrial and ...
- Republican
- (from the article "Poland") ...of the lot of towns and peasantry. After the 1740s, from the medley of factions, coteries, and partisan groups, two major camps were emerging: the so-called Familia, led by the ...
- Republican
- (from the article "international relations") ...Franco, quickly seized most of Old Castile in the north and a beachhead in the south extending from Cordoba to Cadiz opposite Spanish Morocco, where the insurrection had begun. But ...
- Republican Action
- (from the article "Azana y Diaz, Manuel") In 1930 he began to organize a liberal republican party, Republican Action (Accion Republicana), in opposition to the dictatorship of General Miguel Primo de Rivera. He was one of the ...
- Republican Guard
- (from the article "Iraq War") In central Iraq units of the Republican Guard-a heavily armed paramilitary group connected with the ruling party-were deployed to defend the capital of Baghdad. As U.S. Army and Marine forces ...
- Republican National Committee
- (from the article "Republican Party") ...nominee and adopting the party platform, the national convention formally chooses a national committee to organize the next convention and to govern the party until the next convention is held. ...
- Republican National Convention
- (from the article "United States Presidential Election of 2008") Republican National Convention
- Republican National Guard
- (from the article "Portugal") The Portuguese police are divided into four categories. The Public Security Police (Policia de Seguranca Publica; PSP) and the Republican National Guard (Guarda Nacional Republicana; GNR) are under the control ...
- Republican Party
- (from the article "Bolivia") The abrasive quality of the strong-willed Montes and the disintegration of the ruling Liberal Party finally permitted the Republicans to stage a successful coup d'etat in 1920 and become the ...
- Republican Party
- French political party formed in May 1977 when the former National Foundation of Independent Republicans (Federation Nationale des Republicains Independents)-founded in 1966 by Valery Giscard d'Estaing-was merged with other small ...
- Republican Party
- (from the article "Pakistan") Along with a close associate, Dr. Khan Sahib, a former premier of the North-West Frontier Province, Mirza formed the Republican Party and made Khan Sahib the chief minister of the ...
- Republican Party
- (from the article "Spain") The Republic of 1873 came into existence to fill the political vacuum created by Amadeo's abdication. The Republican Party was neither strong nor united. When the Republican leaders, on legal ...
- Republican Party
- in the United States, one of the two major political parties, the other being the Democratic Party. The Republican Party traditionally has supported laissez-faire capitalism, low taxes, and conservative social ... [50 Related Articles]
- Republican Party
- in U.S. history, political party formed from the nucleus of the Anti-Federalists and the country's first opposition party. Formed in 1792 by supporters of Thomas Jefferson in opposition to the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Republican Party
- (from the article "Puerto Rico") Most Puerto Rican political parties since 1898 had attempted to modify the political relations between the island and the U.S. federal government; the island's Republican Party favoured statehood, whereas the ...
- Republican Party of Armenia
- (from the article "Armenia") Armenian Pres. Robert Kocharyan named Defense Minister Serzh Sarkisyan, a prominent member of the Republican Party of Armenia (HHK), prime minister after Prime Minister Andranik Markaryan died suddenly of heart ...
- Republican Peasants' Nation Party
- (from the article "Turkey") ...Party was dissolved because of its opposition to Kemalist principles, though it was immediately re-formed as the Republican Nation's Party and in 1958 united with the Peasants' Party to form ...
- Republican People's Party
- (from the article "Turkey") ...functions in Turkey. On April 27, on the eve of a second mass rally in Istanbul, 357 of the 550 members of the parliament voted in favour of Gul. The ...
- Republican River
- river formed by the confluence of the North Fork of the Republican River and the Arikaree River near Haigler, Neb., U.S. It flows eastward through Swanson Lake (behind Trenton Dam) ...
- Republican Turkish Party
- (from the article "Cyprus") ...Synagermos). In the Turkish Cypriot zone the major parties include the National Unity Party (Ulusal Birlik Partisi), the Communal Liberation Party (Toplumcu Kurtulus Partisi), and the Republican Turkish Party (Cumhuriyetci ...
- republicanism
- (from the article "Document: Thomas Jefferson: The Rulers and the Ruled") ...to receive foreign ministers in run-down slippers and frayed jackets. He shunned display, protocol, and pomp; he gave no public balls or celebrations on his birthday. By completing the transition ...
- Republicans, The
- German ultranationalist political party, founded in West Germany in 1983. Although they reject the label, many observers regard the party as neo-fascist. [2 Related Articles]
- repudiation
- (from the article "family law") ...of a woman from the power of her family to that of her husband under terms usually specified in the marriage contract. The standard method of dissolving a marriage if ...
- repulsive potential
- (from the article "chemical bonding") The repulsive part of the intermolecular potential is essentially a manifestation of the overlap of the wavefunctions of the two species in conjunction with the Pauli exclusion principle. It reflects ...
- requeening
- (from the article "beekeeping") When a beekeeper requeens a colony, he removes the failing or otherwise undesirable queen and places a new one in a screen cage in the broodnest. After a few days ...
- Requena
- city, Valencia provincia (province) and comunidad autonoma (autonomous community), eastern Spain. Overlooking the left bank of the Magro River, the city, 2,270 feet (692 ...
- Requesens y Zuniga, Luis de
- Spanish governor of the Netherlands during one phase (1573-76) of the Dutch revolt called the Eighty Years' War. Succeeding the tyrannical Fernando Alvarez, duque de Alba, he tried unsuccessfully to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Requests, Court of
- in England, one of the prerogative courts that grew out of the king's council (Curia Regis) in the late 15th century. The court's primary function was to deal with civil ... [4 Related Articles]
- requiem mass
- musical setting of the Mass for the Dead (missa pro defunctis), named for the beginning of the Latin of the Introit "Requiem aeternam dona eis Domine" ("Give them eternal rest, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Requip™
- (from the article "restless legs syndrome") ...or provide some relief. Various drugs, ranging from tranquilizers to antiepileptics, have been effective in some patients. A drug approved to treat this disorder is ropinirole hydrochloride (e.g., Requip™), a ...
- required freight rate
- (from the article "ship") ...obtained so that all expenses are covered, with a remainder sufficient for the returns on investment. In analysis of the economic merit of a shipping project, this rate is often ...
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