| | - Renee of France
- duchess of Ferrara (from 1534), an important figure in the history of the Protestant Reformation both in Italy and in France.
- Renesas Technology Corporation
- (from the article "Hitachi, Ltd.") ...multibillion-dollar losses by Hitachi and the Mitsubishi Electric Corporation in 2002, the companies announced that they would consolidate their nonmemory semiconductor businesses; the new company, Renesas Technology Corp., would surpass ...
- renewability
- (from the article "insurance") An important condition of health insurance is that of renewability. Some contracts are cancelable at any time upon short notice. Others are not cancelable during the year's term of coverage, ...
- renewable energy
- usable energy derived from replenishable sources such as the Sun (solar energy), wind (wind power), rivers (hydroelectric power), hot springs (geothermal energy), tides (tidal power), and biomass (biofuels). [12 Related Articles]
- renewable energy source
- (from the article "European Union") ...to binding targets that would require them to cut greenhouse-gas emissions to 20% below 1990 levels by 2020. There were also commitments to increase the proportion of energy provided by ...
- renewable resource
- (from the article "energy conversion") Growing concern over the world's ever-increasing energy needs and the prospect of rapidly dwindling reserves of oil, natural gas, and uranium fuel have prompted efforts to develop viable alternative energy ...
- renewal
- (from the article "nature worship") ...deified "virgin of the fire." Extinguishing and rekindling of fire at the inauguration of a prince points to the idea of a spirit of the princes in the state fire ...
- Renewed Land Ordinance
- (from the article "Czechoslovak region, history of") In 1627 Ferdinand II promulgated the Renewed Land Ordinance, a collection of basic laws for Bohemia that remained valid, with some modifications, until 1848; he issued a similar document for ...
- Renfrew
- royal burgh (town), Renfrewshire council area and historic county, southwestern Scotland, located in the northwest portion of the Glasgow metropolitan area near the right bank of the River Clyde. In ...
- Renfrewshire
- council area and historic county, west-central Scotland, stretching along the south bank of the River Clyde in the north and along the shore of the Firth of Clyde in the ...
- renga
- genre of Japanese linked-verse poetry in which two or more poets supplied alternating sections of a poem. The renga form began as the composition of a single ... [10 Related Articles]
- Rengao
- (from the article "Rengao language") language of the North Bahnaric subbranch of Bahnaric, a branch of the Mon-Khmer family (itself a part of the Austroasiatic languages. Rengao is spoken by some 15,000 individuals in south-central ...
- Rengao language
- language of the North Bahnaric subbranch of Bahnaric, a branch of the Mon-Khmer family (itself a part of the Austroasiatic languages. Rengao is spoken by some 15,000 individuals in south-central ...
- Renger-Patzsch, Albert
- German photographer whose cool, detached images formed the photographic component of the Neue Sachlichkeit ("New Objectivity") movement. [1 Related Articles]
- Rengma
- (from the article "Nagaland") ...the autocratic angs (chiefs) of the Konyaks and hereditary chieftainships of the Semas and Changs to the democratic structures of the Angamis, Aos, Lothas, and Rengmas. A prominent village institution ...
- Rengo
- (Japanese: "Japanese Trade Union Confederation"), the largest national labour confederation in Japan. Founded in 1989, it absorbed its predecessors-Sohyo, Domei, Churitsu Roren, and others-and brought together both private- and public-sector ... [5 Related Articles]
- Reni, Guido
- early Italian Baroque painter noted for the classical idealism of his renderings of mythological and religious subjects. [4 Related Articles]
- renin
- enzyme secreted by the kidney (and also, possibly, by the placenta) that breaks down protein and produces a rise in blood pressure. In the blood, renin acts on a fraction ... [8 Related Articles]
- renin-angiotensin system
- (from the article "pharmaceutical industry") ...of cardiovascular diseases. An important way to prevent cardiovascular diseases is to control high blood pressure. One of the physiological systems involved in blood pressure control is the renin-angiotensin system. ...
- Renkum
- gemeente (municipality), central Netherlands. Renkum is situated on the Lower Rhine (Neder Rijn) River, immediately west of Arnhem, and comprises the villages of Oosterbeek (the local government centre), Renkum, Doorwerth, ...
- Renmark
- town, southeastern South Australia, located on the Murray River 130 miles (209 km) northeast of Adelaide. The site was first settled in 1887 by George and William Chaffey, Canadian-born irrigation ...
- Renmin Ribao
- daily newspaper published in Beijing as the official organ of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. The paper was established in 1948, toward the end of China's civil ... [1 Related Articles]
- Renn, Ludwig
- German novelist, best known for Krieg (1928; War), a novel based on his World War I battle experiences, the narrator and principal character of ...
- Rennahan, Ray
- (from the article "1939: Other Winners") ...the WindOriginal Story: Lewis R. Foster for Mr. Smith Goes to WashingtonCinematography, Black-and-White: Gregg Toland for Wuthering HeightsCinematography, Color: Ernest Haller and Ray Rennahan for Gone with the WindArt Direction: ...
- Rennell Island
- southernmost of the Solomon Islands, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, 130 miles (209 km) south of Guadalcanal. An atoll 50 miles (80 km) long and 8 miles (13 km) wide, ...
- Rennell, James
- the leading British geographer of his time. Rennell constructed the first nearly accurate map of India and published A Bengal Atlas (1779), a work important for British strategic and administrative ...
- Rennenkampf, P. K.
- (from the article "Tannenberg, Battle of") Two Russian armies, the 1st, which was under General P.K. Rennenkampf, and the 2nd, under A.V. Samsonov, invaded German East Prussia in August 1914. Rennenkampf fought a successful action at ...
- Renner, Janos
- (from the article "gravitation") ...relativity) was satisfied to within one part in 109 for a number of very different chemicals, some of which were quite exotic. His results were later confirmed by the Hungarian ...
- Renner, Karl
- Social Democratic statesman, chancellor (1918-20, 1945) and president (1945-50) of Austria, who after World War I advocated the Anschluss (union) between Germany and Austria. He played a major role in ... [4 Related Articles]
- Rennes
- city, capital of Ille-et-Vilaine departement, Bretagne region, western France. It is situated at the confluence of the Ille and Vilaine rivers. The town was almost completely destroyed by fire in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Rennes faience
- French tin-glazed earthenware, produced in Rennes, distinguished by the use of manganese purple. Most original products have an extreme rocaille shape decorated with many naturalistic flowers. But the majority of ...
- Rennes plot
- (from the article "Charles XIV John") ...In 1802 he fell under suspicion of complicity with a group of army officers of republican sympathies who disseminated anti-Bonapartist pamphlets and propaganda from the city of Rennes (the "Rennes ...
- Rennes, Treaty of
- (from the article "Richemont, Arthur, constable de") ...until the influence of La Tremoille forced him out of the army once again. Despite the favourite's power, Richemont was able to bring Brittany and Charles VII together once again ...
- rennet
- (from the article "rennin") ...milk is retained in the stomach of the young animal. In animals that lack rennin, milk is coagulated by the action of pepsin (q.v.), as is the case in humans. ...
- Rennie, John
- Scottish civil engineer who built or improved canals, docks, harbours, and bridges throughout Britain. Three of his spans were built across the River Thames at London. [4 Related Articles]
- rennin
- protein-digesting enzyme that curdles milk by transforming caseinogen into insoluble casein; it is found only in the fourth stomach of cud-chewing animals, such as cows. Its action extends the period ... [2 Related Articles]
- Rennyo
- Japanese Buddhist leader and eighth patriarch of the Hongan Temple in Kyoto. [1 Related Articles]
- Reno
- city, seat (1871) of Washoe county, western Nevada, U.S. The city lies on the Truckee River, near the California border and the Sierra Nevada foothills, amid magnificent and varied scenery. ... [2 Related Articles]
- Reno, Janet
- American lawyer and public official who became the first woman attorney general (1993-2001) of the United States. [2 Related Articles]
- Reno, Jesse W.
- (from the article "escalator") An inclined belt, invented by Jesse W. Reno of the United States in 1891, provided transportation for passengers riding on cleats attached to the belt, which was inclined at an ...
- Reno, Marcus
- (from the article "Little Bighorn, Battle of the") ...Custer abandoned the plan when he rather suddenly encountered a large group of Sioux and Cheyenne encamped nearby. Envisioning a three-pronged attack, he ordered Captain Frederick Benteen and Major Marcus ...
- renogram
- (from the article "renal system") A radioactive renogram involves the injection of radioactive compounds that are concentrated and excreted by the kidney. The radiation can be detected by placing gamma scintillation counters externally over the ...
- Renoir, Jean
- French film director, son of the Impressionist painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir. His films, in both silent and later eras, were noted for their realism and strong narrative and include such classics ... [5 Related Articles]
- Renoir, Pierre-Auguste
- French painter originally associated with the Impressionist movement. His early works were typically Impressionist snapshots of real life, full of sparkling colour and light. By the mid-1880s, however, he had ... [8 Related Articles]
- renormalization
- the procedure in quantum field theory by which divergent parts of a calculation, leading to nonsensical infinite results, are absorbed by redefinition into a few measurable quantities, so yielding finite ... [3 Related Articles]
- Renouvier, Charles-Bernard
- French neocritical idealist philosopher who rejected all necessary connection between universal laws and morality. Never an academic, Renouvier wrote prolifically and with great influence. He accepted Kant's critical philosophy as ... [3 Related Articles]
- Renovated Church
- federation of several reformist church groups that took over the central administration of the Russian Orthodox church in 1922 and for over two decades controlled many religious institutions in the ... [4 Related Articles]
- Rensch, Calvin
- (from the article "Mesoamerican Indian languages") ...to establish Subtiaba as a Hokan language, proposing some Proto-Hokan reconstructions that could account for the Subtiaba forms. This classification is generally accepted. More recently, however, Calvin Rensch, a U.S. ...
- Renshaw brothers
- English twin brothers who dominated Wimbledon tennis competition in the 1880s. With their warm personalities and exciting, competitive play, William Renshaw (b. Jan. 3, 1861, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, Eng., -d. Aug. ...
- Renshaw, Ernest
- (from the article "All-England (Wimbledon) Tennis Championships—doubles") William won the Wimbledon singles championship seven times (1881-86 and 1889), on three occasions defeating his brother in the finals. Ernest was victorious in 1888, and together they won the ...
- Renshaw, William
- (from the article "All-England (Wimbledon) Tennis Championships-singles") William won the Wimbledon singles championship seven times (1881-86 and 1889), on three occasions defeating his brother in the finals. Ernest was victorious in 1888, and together they won the ...
- Rensselaer
- county, eastern New York state, U.S., bounded by the Hudson River to the west and Vermont and Massachusetts to the east. The land rises from the low hills of the ...
- Rensselaer
- city, Rensselaer county, eastern New York, U.S. It is situated along the east bank of the Hudson River, opposite Albany. Settled by the Dutch in the 17th century, it was ...
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Troy, New York, U.S. It includes schools of architecture, engineering, humanities and social sciences, management and technology, and science. In addition to undergraduate ...
- Rensselaeria
- genus of extinct brachiopods (lamp shells) found as fossils in Lower Devonian marine rocks (387 to 408 million years old). The shell is large and elongated. Its surface markings include ...
- rent
- in economics, the income derived from the ownership of land and other free gifts of nature. The neoclassical economist Alfred Marshall, and others after him, chose this definition for technical ... [6 Related Articles]
- rent and rental value insurance
- (from the article "insurance") ...shutdown of the insured firm, (2) extra expense insurance, which pays the additional cost occasioned by having extra expenses to pay, such as rent on substitute facilities after a disaster, ...
- rent of assize
- (from the article "manorialism") ...his condition lay in the services due from him. As a rule a villein paid for his holding in money, in labour, and in agrarian produce. In money he paid, ...
- rent table
- (from the article "drum table") ...alternative name for the drum table was a loo table (so called because the card game known as loo-in the euchre family-was played at such a table). A variant of ...
- rental income insurance
- (from the article "insurance") ...such as rent on substitute facilities after a disaster, and (3) rent and rental value insurance, covering losses in rents that the owner of an apartment house may incur if ...
- rental value
- (from the article "property tax") The three principal approaches to the contemporary assessment of property are rental value, capital value, and market value. In European countries the assessment of real property is commonly based on ...
- Rentema
- (from the article "Andes Mountains") ...6° S, changes its direction of flow to the northeast, penetrating into a region of narrow transverse water gaps (pongos) that cut the cordillera to reach the Amazon basin. These ...
- Rentenmark
- (from the article "international relations") ...Bavarian police quashed the Nazi putsch led by Adolf Hitler and Ludendorff. Hjalmar Schacht, recently appointed president of the Reichsbank, halted the inflation with a temporary currency called the Rentenmark, ...
- renter's insurance
- (from the article "insurance") Also available is a form called renter's insurance, which provides personal property insurance for tenants.
- Renton
- city, King county, western Washington, U.S., on the flats of the Cedar River at its mouth on Lake Washington, 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Seattle. Settled on the site ...
- rentrement
- (from the article "rondeau") ...such cases, the literary rondeau, which in the 15th century began to separate itself clearly from the sung rondeau, often curtailed the refrains in the second and fourth stanzas, leaving ...
- Rentschler, Frederick B.
- (from the article "United Technologies Corporation") Pratt & Whitney originated as the creation of the businessman Frederick B. Rentschler. In 1925 the machine-tool maker Pratt and Whitney provided Rentschler with start-up funds, idle plant space, and ...
- Renville Agreement
- (Jan. 17, 1948), treaty between The Netherlands and the Republic of Indonesia concluded on the U.S. warship Renville, anchored in the harbour of Djakarta (now Jakarta). It was an attempt, ...
- renvoi
- (from the article "conflict of laws") Differences between the conflicts law of different countries may raise additional choice-of-law questions, such as those pertaining to the renvoi (French: "send back") principle. If the foreign ...
- Renwick Gallery
- (from the article "Renwick, James, (Jr.)") ...the main building of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (1847-55), was built in a modified Romanesque style, while the Corcoran Gallery, Washington, D.C. (1859), now called the Renwick Gallery, was ...
- Renwick, James
- last of the prominent Covenanter martyrs of Scotland.
- Renwick, James, (Jr.)
- one of the most successful, prolific, and versatile American architects in the latter half of the 19th century. [1 Related Articles]
- Renzetti, Joe
- (from the article "1978: Other Winners") ...Oliver Stone for Midnight ExpressCinematography: Nestor Almendros for Days of HeavenArt Direction: Edwin O'Donovan and Paul Sylbert for Heaven Can WaitAdaptation Score: Joe Renzetti for The Buddy Holly StoryOriginal Score: ...
- renzheng
- (from the article "Confucianism") ...him Confucians served the vital interests of the state as scholars not by becoming bureaucratic functionaries but by assuming the responsibility of teaching the ruling minority humane government (renzheng) and ...
- Renzong
- temple name (miaohao) of the fourth emperor (reigned 1022-63) of the Song dynasty (960-1279) of China, one of the most able and humane rulers in Chinese history. ... [1 Related Articles]
- reog
- (from the article "Southeast Asian arts") There are three main performing arts in the Sundanese area of western Java. Reog, a kind of urban folk performance, can be seen especially in the streets ...
- reorder-cycle system
- (from the article "operations research") ...for supplying current demand and the second for satisfying demand during the replenishment period. When the stock in the first bin is depleted, an order for a given quantity is ...
- reorganization
- (from the article "business finance") When a firm cannot operate profitably, the owners may seek to reorganize it. The first question to be answered is whether the firm might not be better off by ceasing ...
- reovirus
- any of a group of ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses constituting the family Reoviridae, a small group of animal and plant viruses. The virions of reoviruses (the name is a shortening ... [2 Related Articles]
- Repair and Technical Service Station
- (from the article "machine-tractor station") In 1958, as part of a major agricultural reform, the MTS were abolished and their equipment was sold to the kolkhozy. Some of the stations were transformed into Repair and ...
- repair enzyme
- (from the article "heredity") ...is the repair mechanism for damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet radiation joins adjacent thymines, creating thymine dimers, which, if not repaired, may cause mutations. Special repair enzymes either cut ...
- reparation
- (from the article "prison") Reparation, which mandates that an offender provide services to the victim or to the community, has gained in popularity in a number of jurisdictions. Many countries have instituted the use ...
- reparation
- (from the article "international payment and exchange") In 1930 a Bank for International Settlements was established at Basel, Switz.; its main duty was to supervise and organize the transfer of German reparations to the recipient countries. This ...
- Reparations Commission
- (from the article "international relations") ...sum or the percentage shares to flow to France, Britain, Belgium, and the others, the U.S. delegation recommended on March 24 that the whole problem be postponed. On April 5 ...
- repartimiento
- in colonial Spanish America, a system by which the crown allowed certain colonists to recruit Indians for forced labour. The repartimiento system, frequently called the mita in Peru and the ... [2 Related Articles]
- repatriation
- (from the article "war, law of") At the conclusion of hostilities prisoners of war are to be repatriated. Problems occurred at the conclusion of the Korean War when a number of North Koreans did not wish ...
- repeat-action tablet
- (from the article "pharmaceutical industry") ...blood-concentration level and therapeutic effect. Such a drug might be formulated into an extended-release dosage form so that the modified tablet or capsule need be taken only once or twice ...
- repeater
- (from the article "satellite communication") Satellites provide communications links via microwave radio, most commonly in the superhigh-frequency band of 3 to 30 gigahertz (3 billion to 30 billion hertz, or cycles per second). These frequencies ...
- repeater jamming
- (from the article "radar") ...military radar deliberately. ECM can consist of (1) noise jamming that enters the receiver via the antenna and increases the noise level at the input of the receiver, (2) false ...
- repeating rifle
- firearm designed for use with a magazine of cartridges, each of which is fed into the chamber or breech by lever or bolt action or other means. Before the invention ... [3 Related Articles]
- repeating unit
- (from the article "industrial polymers, major") In this article, the major commercially employed polymers are divided by the composition of their "backbones," the chains of linked repeating units that make up the macromolecules. Classified according to ...
- Repenomamus giganticus
- (from the article "Life Sciences") Other excavations of the Early Cretaceous deposits of Liaoning yielded a new species of mammal, Repenomamus giganticus, that was the largest known from the Mesozoic-larger than some small dinosaurs. The ...
- repentance
- (from the article "sacrament") In its formulation, the Christian doctrine of conciliation, which, as St. Paul contended, required a change of status in the penitent, had to be made sacramentally effective in the individual ...
- repertory theatre
- system of play production in which a resident acting company keeps a repertory of plays that are always ready for performance, often presenting a different one each night of the ... [4 Related Articles]
- Repetek Nature Reserve
- (from the article "Karakum Desert") The Repetek Preserve, in the eastern part of the central Karakum, was created in 1928 and covers an area of about 135 square miles (350 square km). Its purpose is ...
- repetend
- (from the article "refrain") ...and Latin verse, popular ballads, and Renaissance and Romantic lyrics. Three common refrains are the chorus, recited by more than one person; the burden, in which a whole stanza is ...
- repetition
- (from the article "learning theory") A major theoretical issue concerns whether associations grow in strength with exercise or whether they are fully established all at once. Evidence is that learning usually proceeds gradually; even when ...
- repetition code
- (from the article "telecommunication") One simple, but not usually implemented, FEC method is to send each data bit three times. The receiver examines the three transmissions and decides by majority vote whether a 0 ...
- repetitive DNA
- (from the article "heredity") One major difference between the genomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that most eukaryotes contain repetitive DNA, with the repeats either clustered or spread out between the unique genes. There ...
- Repin, Ilya Yefimovich
- Russian painter of historical subjects known for the power and drama of his works. [2 Related Articles]
- replacement
- (from the article "operations research") Replacement problems involve items that degenerate with use or with the passage of time and those that fail after a certain amount of use or time. Items that deteriorate are ...
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