| | - regur
- (from the article "India") Among the in situ soils are the red-to-yellow (including laterite) and black soils known locally as regur. After these the alluvial soil is the third most common ...
- regurgitation
- (from the article "owl") ...A variety of owls may depend on a single prey species when it becomes exceptionally abundant. Prey is generally swallowed whole, and indigestible material, such as feathers, fur, and bones, ...
- rehabilitation
- (from the article "crime") In the 1970s in the United States, for example, rehabilitation programs were largely abandoned because of the widely held view that they did not reduce future criminal activity, and the ...
- Rehan, Ada
- American actress of the late 19th century, one of the finest of her day, whose great popularity grew from performances of Shakespeare and adaptations of European comedies.
- Rehberg, August Wilhelm
- (from the article "Stein, Karl, Reichsfreiherr vom und zum") August Wilhelm Rehberg, whom he met in Gottingen, became a close friend and exercised a greater influence on Stein than did any of his academic teachers. Rehberg was a political ...
- rehearsal
- (from the article "directing") The director's efforts are naturally affected by the length of time given to rehearsals. These vary according to economic pressures, national customs, and union rules. In some countries, notably the ...
- rehearsal
- (from the article "attention") An important aspect of the control process in many circumstances is rehearsal. In this sense rehearsal means the mental repetition of incoming information. One consequence of rehearsal is that input ...
- reheat turbine
- (from the article "gas-turbine engine") ...to stationary gas turbines where components may be added to increase efficiency. Improvements could include (1) decreasing compression work by intermediate cooling, (2) increasing turbine output by reheating after partial ...
- Rehman Dheri
- (from the article "India") ...the Early Harappan Period was Kot Diji (in present-day Sind province, Pakistan). A stone rubble wall surrounded this settlement, which appears to date to about 3000 BCE. An even earlier ...
- Rehman, Shabana
- Pakistani-born Norwegian performer Shabana Rehman was no stranger to controversy; being a Muslim woman and a stand-up comic in itself might be cause for some controversy, but she really stirred ...
- Rehn, Ludwig
- (from the article "medicine, history of") The attitude of the medical profession toward heart surgery was for long overshadowed by doubt and disbelief. Wounds of the heart could be sutured (first done successfully by Ludwig Rehn, ...
- Rehnquist, William
- 16th chief justice of the United States, appointed to the Supreme Court in 1971 and elevated to chief justice in 1986. [5 Related Articles]
- Rehoboam
- (from the article "biblical literature") After Solomon died (922 BCE), he was succeeded by Rehoboam, who proved to be unfit for the task of reigning. Prior to Solomon's death, Jeroboam the Ephraimite, a young overseer ...
- Rehoboth
- town, central Namibia. The town is located about 52 miles (84 km) south of Windhoek, the national capital, and lies on the banks of the dry, sandy bed of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Rehovot
- city, central Israel, on the coastal plain south-southwest of Tel Aviv-Yafo, in the centre of the country's most productive citrus belt. The name (Hebrew: "broad places," or "room") is from ...
- rehydration
- (from the article "cholera") ...percent of those requiring therapy. This treatment consists largely of replacing lost fluid and salts with the oral or intravenous administration of an alkaline solution of sodium chloride. For oral ...
- Rei-sai
- (from the article "Shinto") ...year, including the Spring Festival (Haru Matsuri, or Toshigoi-no-Matsuri; Prayer for Good Harvest Festival), Autumn Festival (Aki Matsuri, or Niiname-sai; Harvest Festival), an Annual Festival (Rei-sai), and the Divine Procession ...
- Reich
- (from the article "Reich") (German: "Empire"), any of the empires of the Germans or Germany: the Holy Roman Empire (q.v.); the Second Reich, led by the Prussian Hohenzollerns (1871-1918); or the Third Reich of ...
- Reich Sports Field
- (from the article "Olympic Games") ...descent was a member of the German team (see Sidebar: Helene Mayer: Fencing for the Fuhrer); pamphlets and speeches about the natural superiority of the Aryan race were commonplace; and ...
- Reich, Philipp Erasmus
- (from the article "publishing, history of") ...present day: that founded by Johann Friedrich Gleditsch in 1694, which was taken over by the firm of F.A. Brockhaus in 1830, and that founded by Moritz Georg Weidmann in ...
- Reich, Steve
- American composer who was one of the leading exponents of minimalism, a style based on repetitions and combinations of simple motifs and harmonies. [1 Related Articles]
- Reich, Wilhelm
- Viennese psychologist who developed a system of psychoanalysis that concentrated on overall character structure, rather than on individual neurotic symptoms. His early work on psychoanalytic technique was overshadowed by his ...
- Reich-Ranicki, Marcel
- Marcel Reich-Ranicki, Polish-born German literary critic, capped a brilliant career in August 2002 when he was handed the Goethe Prize for literary achievement. Just prior to celebrating his 80th birthday, ...
- Reicha, Anton
- (from the article "Liszt, Franz") Liszt moved with his family to Paris in 1823, giving concerts in Germany on the way. He was refused admission to the Paris Conservatoire because he was a foreigner; instead, ...
- Reiche, Maria
- German-born Peruvian mathematician and archaeologist (b. May 15, 1903, Dresden, Ger.--d. June 8, 1998, Lima, Peru), was the self-appointed keeper of the Nazca Lines, a series of Peruvian ground drawings ...
- Reichelderfer, Francis W.
- (from the article "weather forecasting") Weather forecasting became an important tool for aviation during the 1920s and '30s. Its application in this area gained in importance after Francis W. Reichelderfer was appointed chief of the ...
- Reichenau
- island in the Untersee, the western arm of Lake Constance (Bodensee) in Baden-Wurttemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. Belonging to the city of Konstanz, it is 3 miles ... [1 Related Articles]
- Reichenau Bridge
- (from the article "bridge") ...in Switzerland with the bridges of Christian Menn. Menn's early arch bridges were influenced by Maillart, but, with prestressing, he was able to build longer-spanning bridges and use new forms. ...
- Reichenau, Walther von
- German field marshal who commanded the army that captured Warsaw (1939) and the 6th Army in its encircling movement through Belgium (1940) on the Western front during World War II. [1 Related Articles]
- Reichenbach Falls
- falls on the Reichenbach (creek) in Bern canton, central Switzerland, one of the highest falls in the Alps. There are five cascades with an overall height of 650 feet (200 ...
- Reichenbach, Convention of
- (from the article "Hertzberg, Ewald Friedrich, Graf von") ...and Thorn to Prussia. Britain refused to back Hertzberg and relations with Austria deteriorated almost to the point of war, when Frederick William II disavowed his foreign minister and signed ...
- Reichenbach, Francois-Arnold
- French filmmaker (b. July 3, 1921, Paris, France--d. Feb. 2, 1993, Neuilly, near Paris), wrote, directed, and photographed a wide range of documentary motion pictures, notably the Academy Award-winning Arthur ...
- Reichenbach, Georg von
- German maker of astronomical instruments who introduced the meridian, or transit, circle, a specially designed telescope for measuring both the time when a celestial body is directly over the meridian ...
- Reichenbach, Hans
- philosopher and educator who was a leading representative of the Vienna Circle and founder of the Berlin school of logical positivism, a movement that viewed logical statements as revealing only ... [5 Related Articles]
- Reichenbach, Treaty of
- (from the article "Metternich, Klemens, Furst von") ...and Prussians at Bautzen shook Metternich's will to make war and stiffened Napoleon's attitude, Metternich mediated an armistice between France, Russia, and Prussia. Even so, in the subsequent Treaty of ...
- Reichle, Hans
- (from the article "Western sculpture") While the influence of Giambologna persisted in some quarters, Hans Krumper and Hans Reichle produced bronze figures less indebted to the Classical tradition but with stronger individuality. Jorg Zurn, whose ...
- Reichs, Kathy
- Reichsabschied
- (from the article "Diet") ...to the emperor as "the resolution of the empire" (conclusum imperii). All the decisions of the Diet forming the resolution were called the "recess of the empire" (Reichsabschied). The emperor ...
- Reichsadlerhumpen
- (from the article "glassware") ...naivete in their painting give them an authentic unsophisticated charm. The most favoured types of decoration include a representation of the imperial double-headed eagle (Reichsadlerhumpen); representations of ...
- Reichsbank
- (from the article "Schacht, Hjalmar") ...a rigorous monetary program for halting rampant inflation and stabilizing the mark, and in December of the same year he was appointed president of Germany's leading financial institution, the Reichsbank. ...
- Reichsburgergesetz
- (from the article "Nurnberg Laws") two race-based measures depriving Jews of rights, designed by Adolf Hitler and approved by the Nazi Party at a convention in Nurnberg on September 15, 1935. One, the Reichsburgergesetz (German: ...
- Reichsfeinde
- (from the article "Germany") ...2 seats in the first imperial election to 35 by 1890, when the SPD actually gained a plurality of votes. Bismarck termed the Centre and SPD along with the Progressives ...
- Reichsfuhrer
- (from the article "Fuhrer") ...apex of a hierarchy. Directly below him were several Reichsleiter ("Reich leaders") with various portfolios, such as finance, propaganda, foreign policy, and law, as well as Reichsfuhrer Heinrich Himmler, head ...
- Reichsfurstenstand
- (from the article "prince") ...consisting of the holders of well-defined territorial lordships in immediate dependence on the German king and on the Holy Roman Empire. An Estate of Princes of the Realm (
- Reichskammergericht
- supreme court of the Holy Roman Empire. The court was established by Maximilian I in 1495 and survived as the empire's highest court until the empire's dissolution in 1806. [2 Related Articles]
- Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- (from the article "Ukraine") ...to Romania, and gave Romania control over the area between the Dniester and Southern Buh rivers as the province of Transnistria, with its capital at Odessa. The remainder was organized ...
- Reichsleiter
- (from the article "Fuhrer") Organizationally, the Fuhrer stood at the apex of a hierarchy. Directly below him were several Reichsleiter ("Reich leaders") with various portfolios, such as finance, propaganda, foreign policy, and law, as ...
- Reichsrat
- (from the article "Austria") ...in Italy convinced Francis Joseph that neoabsolutism had failed. Clamour for economic, political, and even military rejuvenation became irresistible. In March 1860 Francis Joseph ordered that the Reichsrat, an empirewide, ...
- Reichsregiment
- (from the article "Maximilian I") In 1500 the imperial princes at the Reichstag in Augsburg withdrew considerable power from Maximilian and invested it in the Reichsregiment, a supreme council of 21 electors, princes, and others. ...
- Reichsritter
- (from the article "Germany") The lesser nobility included two distinct elements. The imperial knights (Reichsritter) held their estates as tenants in chief of the crown. The provincial nobility (
- Reichssicherheitshauptamt
- (from the article "SS") The Allgemeine-SS dealt mainly with police and "racial" matters. Its most important division was the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA; Reich Security Central Office), which was made up of the Ordnungspolizei (Orpo; Order ...
- Reichstadt, Napoleon-Francois-Charles-Joseph Bonaparte, Herzog von, principe di Parma, Piacenza, e Guastalla
- only son of Emperor Napoleon I and Empress Marie-Louise; at birth he was styled king of Rome. [1 Related Articles]
- Reichstag
- (from the article "Goring, Hermann") In 1927 he returned to Germany, where his contacts in German industry proved useful, and he was taken back into the party leadership. He occupied 1 of the 12 Reichstag ...
- Reichstag
- building in Berlin that is the meeting place of Germany's national legislature. One of Berlin's most famous landmarks, it is situated at the northern end of the Erberstrasse and near ... [2 Related Articles]
- Reichstag fire
- burning of the Reichstag (parliament) building in Berlin, on the night of Feb. 27, 1933, a key event in the establishment of the Nazi dictatorship and widely believed to have ... [4 Related Articles]
- Reichstein, Tadeus
- Swiss chemist who, with Philip S. Hench and Edward C. Kendall, received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1950 for his discoveries concerning hormones of the adrenal cortex. [1 Related Articles]
- Reid, Beryl Elizabeth
- British character actress known for her versatility and best remembered for her roles as the lesbian radio soap opera actress in the stage and motion picture versions of The Killing ...
- Reid, Escott
- Canadian diplomat who was instrumental in 1947 in helping to draft the rules for the newly created United Nations and in conceiving the idea for the formation of a security ...
- Reid, Forrest
- Northern Irish novelist and critic who early came under the influence of Henry James; he is best known for his romantic and mystical novels about boyhood and adolescence and for ...
- Reid, Harry Fielding
- American seismologist and glaciologist who in 1911 developed the elastic rebound theory of earthquake mechanics, still accepted today. [1 Related Articles]
- Reid, John
- (from the article "golf") Golf as an organized game in the United States, however, usually is dated from the founding of the St. Andrew's Golf Club at Yonkers, New York, in 1888. Its progenitor ...
- Reid, John
- (from the article "European Union") When it was announced that Bulgaria and Romania would be admitted to the EU at the start of 2007, British Home Secretary John Reid abandoned the U.K.'s open-door policy, stating ...
- Reid, Mike
- British actor and comedian portrayed Frank Butcher in more than 500 episodes of the BBC television soap opera EastEnders between 1987 and 2005. Reid, a petty criminal in his youth, ...
- Reid, R. E. H.
- (from the article "dinosaur") ...live? How did they reproduce? The evidence concerning growth and life expectancy is sparse but growing. In the 1990s histological studies of fossilized bone by Armand de Ricqles in Paris ...
- Reid, Robert
- (from the article "Ten, The") ...to their paintings. The members of The Ten were Childe Hassam, John Henry Twachtman, J. Alden Weir, Thomas W. Dewing, Joseph De Camp, Frank W. Benson, Willard Leroy Metcalf, Edmund ...
- Reid, Sir George Houston
- statesman and prime minister of Australia (1904-05) who as premier of New South Wales (1894-99) directed an economic recovery program, maintained free trade, and introduced a tax to break up ...
- Reid, Sir William
- (from the article "Earth sciences") ...the region in which hurricanes are generated, and he recognized how the tracks of these storms tend to veer eastward when they enter the belt of westerly winds at about ...
- Reid, Thomas
- Scottish philosopher who rejected the skeptical Empiricism of David Hume in favour of a "philosophy of common sense," later espoused by the Scottish School. [5 Related Articles]
- Reid, Whitelaw
- U.S. journalist, diplomat, and politician, successor to Horace Greeley in 1872 as editor in chief (until 1905) and publisher (until his death) of the New York Tribune, which, during much ...
- Reid, William Ronald
- Canadian sculptor, carver, and goldsmith (b. Jan. 12, 1920, Victoria, B.C.--d. March 13, 1998, Vancouver, B.C.), helped spark a revival of interest in the traditions of the Haida of the ...
- Reidy, Affonso
- Brazilian architect, a pioneer of the modern architectural movement in Brazil. [2 Related Articles]
- Reifezeugnis
- (from the article "Germany") ...them-with emphasis variously on the classics, modern languages, mathematics, and natural science-for the Abitur or Reifezeugnis ("certificate of maturity"), the prerequisite for matriculation at ...
- reification
- the treatment of something abstract as a material or concrete thing, as in the following lines from Matthew Arnold's poem "Dover Beach": The Sea of FaithWas once, too, at the ...
- Reigate and Banstead
- borough (district), administrative and historic county of Surrey, southeastern England immediately south of Greater London. Named after the two principal locales of the district, Reigate and Banstead extends across the ...
- Reilly, Charles Nelson
- American actor won a Tony Award in 1962 for his portrayal of Bud Frump in the Broadway production of How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (1961) and later ...
- Reilly, Sidney
- spy who obtained Persian oil concessions and German naval secrets for Britain. Many of the romanticized stories about him may have been inventions of his own.
- Reimarus, Hermann Samuel
- German philosopher and man of letters of the Enlightenment who is remembered for his Deism, the doctrine that human reason can arrive at a religion (so-called natural religion) more certain ... [2 Related Articles]
- reimbursement
- (from the article "accounting") ...from the accountant's measures of these same concepts. Finally, accounting systems in some companies must provide cost data in the forms required for submission to customers who have agreed to ...
- Reimer-Tiemann reaction
- (from the article "aldehyde") A formyl group (&singlehorzbond;CHO) can be put onto an aromatic ring by several methods (ArH → ArCHO). In one of the most common of these, called the Reimer-Tiemann reaction, phenols ...
- Reims
- city, Marne departement, Champagne-Ardenne region, northeastern France, east-northeast of Paris. On the Vesle River, a tributary of the Aisne, and the Marne-Aisne canal, the city is situated in vine-growing country ... [7 Related Articles]
- Reims Cathedral
- cathedral located in the city of Reims, France, on the Vesle River east-northeast of Paris. Reims was the site of 25 coronations of the kings of France, from Louis VIII ... [4 Related Articles]
- Reims Racer
- (from the article "stunt flying") The Wrights' greatest rival, Glenn Curtiss, engaged one-time stunt parachutist Charles K. Hamilton to demonstrate Curtiss's prizewinning Reims Racer in the early months of 1910, until Hamilton crashed and destroyed ...
- rein
- (from the article "bridle") The reins, lines held in the hand of the rider or driver, are connected to either side of the bit so that a tug on either side turns the animal ...
- rein orchid
- any of about 200 species of terrestrial orchids of the genus Platanthera, family Orchidaceae, found in grasslands, bogs, forests, and sand dunes in subtropical and warm temperate areas of both ...
- Reina, Carlos Roberto
- Honduran politician (b. March 13, 1926, Tegucigalpa, Honduras-d. Aug. 19, 2003, Tegucigalpa), served as president of Honduras from 1994 to 1998, during which time he professionalized the armed forces and ...
- Reinach, Adolf
- (from the article "Phenomenology") ...of phenomenological psychology and pure logic but developed also the outlines of a complete Phenomenological philosophy. Moritz Geiger applied the new approach particularly to aesthetics and Adolf Reinach to the ...
- Reinado, Alfredo
- (from the article "East Timor") On August 30 former rebel leader Maj. Alfredo Reinado and at least 50 other prisoners escaped from jail. Just days earlier the UN had authorized the creation of a new ...
- Reinald of Guelders, Count
- (from the article "Limburg") The direct male line of the house of Arlon continued to rule Limburg until 1282. When war broke out between Count Reinald of Guelders (who had married into the rights ...
- reincarnate lama
- (from the article "lama") Some lamas are considered reincarnations of their predecessors. These are termed sprul-sku lamas, as distinguished from "developed" lamas, who have won respect because of the high level ...
- reincarnation
- in religion and philosophy, rebirth of the soul in one or more successive existences, which may be human, animal, or, in some instances, vegetable. While belief in reincarnation is most ... [16 Related Articles]
- reindeer
- species of deer (family Cervidae) found in the Arctic tundra and adjacent boreal forests of Greenland, Scandinavia, Russia, Alaska, and Canada. Reindeer have been domesticated in Europe. There are two ... [20 Related Articles]
- Reindeer Age
- (from the article "hand tool") ...extensive use. It was also a time when the great plains in northern and eastern Europe carried such a heavy reindeer population, in addition to wild horses and mammoths, that ...
- Reindeer Chukchi
- (from the article "Chukchi") ...inhabiting the northeasternmost part of Siberia, the Chukchi autonomous okrug (district) in Russia. They numbered 14,000 in the late 20th century and are divided into two chief subgroups, reindeer Chukchi ...
- Reindeer Lake
- lake in northern Canada, straddling the Saskatchewan-Manitoba border, near the northern limit of the coniferous forest. At an elevation of 1,106 feet (337 m), it is 2,568 square miles (6,650 ...
- reindeer moss
- (Cladonia rangiferina), a fruticose (bushy, branched) lichen found in great abundance in Arctic lands. It is an erect, many-branched plant that grows up to 8 cm high, covers immense areas, ... [1 Related Articles]
- reindeer sacrifice
- magico-religious practice observed by various Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic northern European and Asian peoples. The rite, which inaugurated their annual hunting season, consisted primarily of submerging a young doe in ...
- Reindorf, Carl Christian
- (from the article "African literature") ...Samuel Adjai Crowther (who in 1844 translated part of the Gospel According to Luke), Africanus Horton, and Edward Blyden. In the early 20th century the Ghanaian minister of religion the ...
- Reinecke, Carl
- German pianist, composer, conductor, and teacher who sought, in his works and teaching, to preserve the Classical tradition in the late 19th century.
- Reinecke, Paul
- (from the article "Europe, history of") ...Unetician, Tumulus, and Urnfield cultures. Synchronizations of the more detailed local subdivisions, which were based on typology of metal objects and cross-associations, have employed schemes of Paul Reinecke and Oscar ...
- Reiner Gamma
- (from the article "Moon") Among the most enigmatic features of the lunar surface are several light, swirling patterns with no associated topography. A prime example is Reiner Gamma, located in the southeastern portion of ...
- Reiner, Carl
- (from the article "Martin, Steve") ...wrote and starred in his debut film, the Oscar-nominated short subject The Absent-Minded Waiter, in 1977. This led to an extended collaboration with writer-director-actor Carl Reiner on ...
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