American stage and film actor who skillfully played a wide range of character types but who is best known for his portrayals of gangsters and criminals.
American poet who is best known for his short dramatic poems concerning the people in a small New England village, Tilbury Town, very much like the Gardiner, Maine, in which ...
English man of letters whose voluminous diaries provide valuable information on life in the early Romantic period and give lively portraits of a host of its literary personalities.
English photographer whose Pictorialist photographs and writings made him one of the most influential photographers of the second half of the 19th century.
the first black baseball player to play in the American major leagues during the 20th century. On April 15, 1947, Robinson broke the decades-old colour bar of Major League Baseball ...
U.S. historian, one of the founders of the "new history" that greatly broadened the scope of historical scholarship in relation to the social sciences.
English Puritan minister called the pastor of the Pilgrim Fathers for his guidance of their religious life before their journey to North America aboard the "Mayflower" in 1620.
American lawyer and legislator, a major figure in the enactment of New Deal legislation. He represented Arkansas in the U.S. House of Representatives (1903-13) and the U.S. Senate (1913-37).
Irish lawyer, politician, and diplomat who served as president of Ireland (1990-97) and as United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR; 1997-2002).
American television journalist and the first African American man to anchor a nightly network newscast. Robinson was also the first African American to anchor a local news program in Washington, ...
American vocal group that helped define the Motown sound of the 1960s; led by one of the most gifted, influential singer-songwriters in 20th-century popular music. In addition to Smokey Robinson, ...
American professional boxer, six times a world champion: once as a welterweight (147 pounds), from 1946 to 1951, and five times as a middleweight (160 pounds), between 1951 and 1960. ...
British landscape designer who was a leading exponent of the wild, or natural, garden, which he advocated in voluminous writings, intemperately expressed, throughout a long life.
Algerian-French novelist and playwright whose works came out of the war and political strife that he witnessed in Europe and North Africa. A common guiding theme in his writings is ...
any automatically operated machine that replaces human effort, though it may not resemble human beings in appearance or perform functions in a humanlike manner. By extension, robotics is the engineering ...
(German: "Forced-Labour Patent"), law governing compulsory labour, performed by peasants for their lord in the Austrian domains. Enactments from earlier times existed throughout the Austrian domains, such as a Hungarian ...
peak in eastern British Columbia, Can., 50 miles (80 km) west-northwest of Jasper, Alta. Rising above Kinney Lake and overlooking Yellowhead Pass to the east, Mount Robson is the highest ...
gigantic legendary bird, said to carry off elephants and other large beasts for food. It is mentioned in the famous collection of Arabic tales, The Thousand and One Nights, and ...
promontory in Portugal, and the westernmost point of continental Europe. It lies on the Atlantic coast of Lisboa district, about 25 miles (40 km) west-northwest of Lisbon. Known to the ...
in Western architecture and decorative arts, 18th-century style featuring elaborately stylized shell-like, rocklike, and scroll motifs. Rocaille is one of the more prominent aspects of the Rococo style of architecture ...
French mathematician and physicist who contributed to the development of the French atomic bomb and to the understanding of such diverse fields of research as semiconductors, seismology, and radio astronomy.
city, southeastern Uruguay, situated in palm-dotted coastal lowlands. It is the surrounding region's main commercial and manufacturing centre, with wool and hides the main trade commodities. The railroad and highway ...
town and metropolitan borough in the northeastern part of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, historic county of Lancashire, England, cradled on two sides by the Pennines.
in astronomy, the minimum distance to which a large satellite can approach its primary body without being torn apart by tidal forces. If satellite and primary are of similar composition, ...
glaciated bedrock surface, usually in the form of rounded knobs. The upstream side of a roche moutonnee has been subjected to glacial scouring that has produced a gentle, polished, and ...
naturalized American architect of governmental, educational, and corporate structures, especially noted for the work he did in partnership with Eero Saarinen.
town and commercial harbour, Charente-Maritime departement, Poitou-Charentes region, western France, situated on the right bank of the Charente River, 10 miles (16 km) from the sea. It has straight, regular ...
gifted polemical journalist under the Second Empire and the Third Republic who distinguished himself, at first, as a supporter of the extreme left and later as a champion of the ...
a crystalline solid having a large piezoelectric effect (electric charge induced on its surfaces by mechanical deformation due to pressure, twisting, or bending), making it useful in sensitive acoustical and ...
city, seat of Olmsted county, southeastern Minnesota, U.S. It lies on the Zumbro River and on several creeks in a mixed-farming region about 75 miles (120 km) southeast of Minneapolis. ...
town, Medway unitary authority, historic county of Kent, England, on the River Medway, east of London. In ancient times it was the site of a walled Roman-British town (Durobrivae), situated ...
city, Strafford county, southeastern New Hampshire, U.S., on the Cocheco and Salmon Falls rivers, just northwest of Dover. Named for Lawrence Hyde, 1st earl of Rochester, it was incorporated as ...
industrial city, seat (1821) of Monroe county, northwestern New York, U.S. It is a St. Lawrence Seaway port on the Genesee River at its outlet into Lake Ontario, 71 miles ...
private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Rochester, New York, U.S. It includes colleges of business, applied science and technology, liberal arts, science, and engineering. The institute also includes the ...
private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Rochester, New York, U.S. The university includes the College of Arts and Science, the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Eastman School of ...
district, administrative and historic county of Essex, England, bordered on the north by the Crouch estuary and on the south by the Southend-on-Sea urban area on the Thames estuary. The ...
in geology, naturally occurring and coherent aggregate of one or more minerals. Such aggregates constitute the basic unit of which the solid Earth is comprised and typically form recognizable and ...
style of popular music that originated in the United States in the mid-1950s and that evolved by the mid-1960s into the more encompassing international style known as rock music, though ...
in tunnelling and underground mining, steel rod inserted in a hole drilled in the face of a rock formation to support the roof or sides of the cavity. The bolt ...
any of the 100 species of the genus Arabis, herbs belonging to the mustard family (Brassicaceae), found throughout the Northern Hemisphere and in mountainous areas of Africa. Some are cultivated ...
transparent variety of the silica mineral quartz (q.v.) that is valued for its clarity and total lack of colour or flaws. Vessels and spheres have been carved from large crystals ...
narrative histories and announcements carved into cliff rock, onto pillars, and in caves throughout India by King Asoka (reigned c. 265-238 BC), the most powerful emperor of the Maurya dynasty ...
fan-shaped bedrock surface at the foot of a mountain, often where a stream flows out onto a piedmont slope. It is often covered with a thin veneer of alluvium and ...
tonguelike body of coarse rock fragments, found in high mountains above the timberline, that moves slowly down a valley. The rock material usually has fallen from the valley walls and ...
city, York county, northern South Carolina, U.S., near the Catawba River, 26 miles (42 km) south of Charlotte, North Carolina. Established in 1851 as a depot on the Charlotte and ...
city, seat (1833) of Rock Island county, northwestern Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Mississippi River (bridged to Iowa) at the mouth of the Rock River and opposite the island ...
nonnavigable stream in the north central United States, rising in Washington County, eastern Wisconsin, and flowing in a generally southwesterly direction to join the Mississippi at Rock Island, Ill. The ...
(Cistus), any of a genus of 17 species of low to medium-sized shrubs, in the rock rose family (Cistaceae), native to the Mediterranean region and long known to horticulture. There ...
city, Sweetwater county, southwestern Wyoming, U.S. The city is located on Bitter Creek, at an elevation of 6,270 feet (1,911 metres) among sagebrush plains and hills, 13 miles (21 km) ...
lichen of the genus Umbilicaria, sometimes used as emergency food by soldiers or explorers. It contains about one-third more calories than equal amounts of honey, corn flakes, or hominy; however, ...
early form of rock music originated by white performers in the American South, popular from the mid-1950s to 1960, with a revival in the late 1970s. Record reviewers coined the ...
isolated granite rock in the North Atlantic Ocean 220 miles (354 km) west of the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Rockall is about 100 yards (91 metres) in circumference and stands some ...
a light, low, four-wheeled, horse-drawn carriage popular in the United States after its introduction at Rockaway, N.J., in 1830. It had a driver's seat built into the body, with the ...
a 12-acre (5-hectare) complex of 14 limestone buildings in midtown Manhattan in New York City, designed by a team of architects headed by Henry Hofmeister, H.W. Corbett, and Raymond Hood. ...
private coeducational institution in New York, New York, U.S., devoted to research and graduate education in the biomedical sciences. It was founded by industrialist John D. Rockefeller in 1901 as ...
