| | - Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Espanoles
- (from the article "Spain") In 1941 the rail system was nationalized, and virtually all the lines were incorporated into the National Network of Spanish Railroads (Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Espanoles; RENFE). There are ...
- Red Network
- (from the article "American Broadcasting Company") ...radio broadcasting network. NBC expanded so rapidly that by 1928 it found itself with an excess of affiliates in the same cities, so it split its programming into two separate ...
- red nucleus
- (from the article "nervous system, human") ...caudal midbrain, crossed fibres of the superior cerebellar peduncle (the major output system of the cerebellum) surround and partially terminate in a large centrally located structure known as the red ...
- red oak
- any member of a group or subgenus (Erythrobalanus) of North American ornamental and timber shrubs and trees of the genus Quercus, in the beech family (Fagaceae), that have bristle-tipped leaves, ... [2 Related Articles]
- red ochre
- (from the article "death rite") ...in this life. Other customs, however, indicate the currency of a variety of notions about postmortem existence, particularly about the potentialities and destiny of the dead. Thus, the presence of ...
- Red Orchestra
- (from the article "KGB") ...in the last decade of Stalin's life was remarkable in both its scope and success. During World War II the MGB conducted operations in Nazi-occupied Europe. One of its networks, ...
- red palm oil
- (from the article "nutrition, human") ...oils. Important vegetable oils include olive oil, peanut (groundnut) oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, rape oil, sesame (gingelly) oil, mustard oil, red palm ...
- red phalarope
- (from the article "phalarope") Phalaropes are marked with red and soft gray in summer; in winter they are gray and white. Two species that breed around the Arctic Circle are the red phalarope (Phalaropus ...
- red phosphorus
- (from the article "chemical industry") Elemental phosphorus exists in many allotropic forms. White phosphorus is used in rodent poison and by the military for smoke generation. Red phosphorus, comparatively harmless, is used in matches. Ferrophosphorus, ...
- red pulp
- (from the article "spleen") The spleen is encased in a thick connective-tissue capsule. Inside, the mass of splenic tissue is of two types, the red pulp and the white pulp, which do not separate ...
- Red Purge
- (from the article "industrial relations") ...union movement and the active involvement of the Communist Party at the movement's national level, the Japanese government and the American occupation authorities launched a counteroffensive (the "Red Purge" of ...
- Red River
- principal river of northern Vietnam. It rises in central Yunnan province, southwestern China, and flows southeast in a deep, narrow gorge, across the Tonkin region, through Hanoi, to enter the ... [4 Related Articles]
- Red River
- navigable river rising in the high plains of eastern New Mexico, U.S., and flowing southeast across Texas and Louisiana to a point northwest of Baton Rouge, where it enters the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Red River Campaign
- (March 10-May 22, 1864), in the American Civil War, unsuccessful Union effort to seize control of the important cotton-growing states of Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas. In the spring of 1864, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Red River delta
- (from the article "Vietnam") ...was again exporting rice after years of shortages. Permanent cultivation covers large areas of the country's lowlands and smaller portions of the highlands. The primary agricultural areas are the Red ...
- red river hog
- (from the article "red river hog") African hoofed mammal, a subspecies of bush pig (q.v.).PHOTOGRAPHRed river hogs (Potamochoerus porcus porcus)Ylla-Rapho/Photo ResearchersRed River Indian War
- (1874-75), uprising of warriors from several Indian tribes thought to be peacefully settled on Oklahoma and Texas reservations, ending in the crushing of the Indian dissidents by the United States. ...
- Red River of the North
- river flowing through the northern United States and southern Manitoba, Can. It is formed by the confluence of the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail rivers at the twin cities ... [2 Related Articles]
- Red River of the South Valley
- (from the article "Louisiana") ...types of regions are found in Louisiana: lowlands, terraces, and hills. The lowlands consist of the coastal marshes and the Mississippi floodplain, with its natural levees and moderate relief. The ...
- Red River Plains
- (from the article "Oklahoma") The remaining four areas are flat to rolling and are agricultural. The Red River Plains, once the area of the best farmlands in the state, has been depleted by cotton. ...
- Red River Rebellion
- (from the article "Plains Indian") ...had provided refuge to tribes fleeing the conflicts in the United States and were well informed regarding the processes and consequences of colonial expansion. The Metis soon instigated the Red ...
- Red River Settlement
- (1811-36), colony in Canada on the banks of the Red River near the mouth of the Assiniboine River (in present-day Manitoba). The colony was founded in 1811-12 by Thomas Douglas, ... [7 Related Articles]
- Red River Valley
- (from the article "Canada") ...of the glacial Lake Agassiz and is the flattest land in the interior plains. In addition to Lake Winnipeg, it includes Lake Manitoba and Lake Winnipegosis. The fertile southern portion, ...
- Red Rocks Park
- (from the article "Colorado") ...of sandstones northwest of Colorado Springs known as the Garden of the Gods. In the foothills southwest of Denver is one of the world's largest and most beautiful outdoor amphitheatres, ...
- red rot
- (from the article "sugarcane") ...of the fanlike tops, is caused by an East Indian virus. Mosaic, mottling or spotting of foliage and sometimes curling, dwarfing, and narrowing of the leaves, may be caused by ...
- Red Rum
- (foaled 1965), steeplechase horse who won the Grand National at Aintree, Eng., an unprecedented three times, in 1973, 1974, and 1977.
- Red Ruthenia
- (from the article "Poland") ...the part of a state still much weaker than the Teutonic Knights, Bohemia, or Hungary. Between 1340 and the 1360s, however, Poland expanded by roughly one-third, acquiring a larger part ...
- Red Saunders
- (from the article "padauk") ...a tendency to be larger than related species elsewhere. They are highly prized as shade trees and for their red or reddish brown wood. The blood-red sap is used commercially; ...
- Red Scare
- (from the article "United States") ...with a clear mandate to restore business as usual, a condition he termed "normalcy." Americans wished to put reminders of the Great War behind them, as well as the brutal ...
- Red Sea
- narrow strip of water extending southeastward from Suez, Egypt, for about 1,200 miles (1,930 kilometres) to the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, which connects with the Gulf of Aden and thence with ... [12 Related Articles]
- Red Sea Boys
- (from the article "Eritrea") Despite their tribulations, Eritreans had at least one reason to celebrate in 2006: the Red Sea Boys, the country's association football (soccer) team, thought to be minnows, handily beat Kenya's ...
- Red Seal
- (from the article "music recording") ...recordings were of whistlers, bands, comic numbers, ditties, ethnic routines, and the like. In the first years of the 20th century, Victor and its affiliates raised cultural expectations with its ...
- red shift
- displacement of the spectrum of an astronomical object toward longer (red) wavelengths. It is generally attributed to the Doppler effect, a change in wavelength that results when a given source ... [3 Related Articles]
- Red Shirt Movement
- (Persian: "Servants of God"), an action in support of the Indian National Congress started by Abdul Ghaffar Khan of the North-West Frontier Province of India in 1930. Ghaffar Khan was ... [2 Related Articles]
- red snake-bark maple
- (from the article "maple") In one group of maples, the vertically striped silvery-white young bark provides an attractive winter landscaping feature. These trees are the striped maple (A. pennsylvanicum), the red snake-bark maple (A. ...
- red snow
- snow or ice surfaces, usually overlying soil on mountains, that are coloured by algae such as Chlamydomonas or Raphidonema. During seasons when there is little sunlight and temperatures are below ...
- red spider
- any of the plant-feeding mites of the family Tetranychidae (subclass Acari). Red spiders are a common pest on houseplants and agriculturally important plants, including the foliage and fruit of orchard ... [1 Related Articles]
- red sprites and blue jets
- flashes of light that occur above thunderstorms and that are associated with normal lightning in the thundercloud below.
- Red Square
- open square in Moscow adjoining the historic fortress and centre of government known as the Kremlin (Russian: Kreml). The Kremlin and Red Square were added to UNESCO's World Heritage List ... [2 Related Articles]
- red squill
- (from the article "rodenticide") ...calcium cyanide are mixed with bait and placed where rodents will find and eat them. All these poisons are toxic to other animals, and most cause death by disturbance of ...
- red squirrel
- (from the article "squirrel") ...The North American gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) has adapted to urban and suburban areas where it is regarded as aesthetic or as a minor annoyance. In northern Europe the red ...
- red stoneware
- (from the article "stoneware") In Europe, at Meissen in Saxony, E.W. von Tschirnhaus and J.F. Bottger developed a red stoneware (in fact, varying from red to dark brown) in about 1707. Decoration included applied ...
- red summer cypress
- (from the article "Bassia") ...native primarily to Eurasia. The commonly cultivated garden species is summer cypress (B. scoparia), sometimes known as standing, or Belvedere, cypress. The most widely grown variety is the red summer ...
- red surmullet
- (from the article "goatfish") The largest goatfishes are about 60 cm (2 feet) long, but most are much smaller. Many species are edible and valued as food. One of the best known of these ...
- Red Tai
- (from the article "Laos") ...northeast, the Lue of the northwest, and the Phu Tai of the south. Also subsumed under the Lao Loum rubric are those peoples who were once classified as Lao Tai, ...
- red tai
- (from the article "porgy") ...sport fishes growing as heavy as 45 kg (100 pounds). In Australia, several important food species are known as snappers and belong to the genus Chrysophrys; in Japan, a related ...
- Red Terror
- (from the article "international relations") ...persuade them to withdraw support for the Whites, and to encourage the opposition to intervention in Russia that already existed among French and British workers and soldiers. On the other ...
- Red Terror Campaign
- (from the article "Mengistu Haile Mariam") ...a battle between his supporters and those of rivals on the PMAC. The chairman and several other members were killed, and Mengistu became head of state and chairman. He then ...
- Red Thunder Cloud
- (CARLOS WESTEZ), U.S. Native American storyteller who was believed to have been the last speaker of the Catawba language, which was not his mother tongue. He made several recordings of ...
- red tide
- discoloration of sea water usually caused by dinoflagellates, during periodic blooms (or population increases). Toxic substances released by these organisms into the water may be lethal to fish and other ... [4 Related Articles]
- Red Top
- (from the article "rocket and missile system") ...U.S. carrier-based fighters, for instance, carried both heat-seeking Sidewinders and radar-homing Sparrows. Meanwhile, the Europeans developed such infrared-homing missiles as the British Red Top and the French Magic, the latter ...
- red uakari
- (from the article "uakari") There are two species and three main colour forms of this primate, and all are either endangered or vulnerable. The faces of red uakaris (subspecies C. calvus rubicundus, C. calvus ...
- red uakari
- (from the article "uakari") There are two species and three main colour forms of this primate, and all are either endangered or vulnerable. The faces of red uakaris (subspecies C. calvus rubicundus, C. calvus ...
- red uakari
- (from the article "uakari") ...main colour forms of this primate, and all are either endangered or vulnerable. The faces of red uakaris (subspecies C. calvus rubicundus, C. calvus novaesi, and C. calvus ucayalii) are ...
- red valerian
- (from the article "Valerianaceae") ...and as pot herbs, are corn salad (V. olitoria) and Italian corn salad (V. eriocarpa). The genus has about 80 members, mostly Eurasian; a few are native or naturalized in ...
- Red Volta River
- river in West Africa, rising in Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) northwest of Ouagadougou. It flows about 200 mi (320 km) south-southeast to join the White Volta (Volta Blanche) near ... [1 Related Articles]
- Red Week
- (from the article "Italy") On Giolitti's resignation in March 1914, the more conservative Antonio Salandra formed a new government. In June, "Red Week," a period of widespread rioting throughout the Romagna and the Marche, ...
- Red Wing
- city, seat (1853) of Goodhue county, southeastern Minnesota, U.S. It lies on the Mississippi River (bridged to Wisconsin), near Lake Pepin, about 45 miles (70 km) southeast of St. Paul. ...
- Red Wing
- (from the article "Aerial Experiment Association") During the 15-month history of the AEA, members of the organization built and flew a series of biplanes powered by Curtiss engines. Baldwin flew the first of those aircraft, named ...
- red wolf
- (from the article "wolf") The red wolf (C. rufus) is tawny, reddish, or black. It grows to a length of about 105-125 cm (41-49 inches), excluding the tail, which is 33-43 ...
- red-backed shrike
- (from the article "migration") ...Most of these migrants use different routes to cross the Mediterranean, chiefly in the western portion, although some migrate only southeastward. Golden orioles (Oriolus oriolus) and red-backed shrikes (Lanius collurio) ...
- red-bellied piranha
- (from the article "piranha") Found from northern Argentina to Colombia, piranhas are most diverse in the Amazon River, where 20 different species are found. The most infamous is the red-bellied piranha (Serrasalmus nattereri), with ...
- red-bellied woodpecker
- (from the article "woodpecker") ...Picus viridis) ranges throughout the woodlands of temperate Eurasia and south to North Africa. The deciduous forests of the southeastern United States are the habitat of the red-bellied woodpecker (
- red-berried elder
- (from the article "elder") ...which grows to 15 metres (48 feet). European red elder (S. racemosa), native from northern Europe to North China, has round clusters of scarlet berries and reaches 4 metres (13 ...
- red-billed leiothrix
- (from the article "Leiothrix") genus of birds of the babbler family Timaliidae (order Passeriformes), with two species: the silver-eared mesia, or silver-ear (L. argentauris), and the red-billed leiothrix (L. lutea), which is known to ...
- red-billed oxpecker
- (from the article "oxpecker") either of the two species of the African genus Buphagus, of the family Sturnidae (order Passeriformes). Both species-the yellow-billed (B. africanus) and the red-billed (B. erythrorhynchus)-are brown birds 20 cm ...
- red-breasted goose
- (from the article "anseriform") ...for tearing aquatic plants. Among the waterfowl the basic bill has undergone a wide adaptive radiation. The geese have evolved strong, deep bills with hard, sharp lamellae. In some, such ...
- red-breasted merganser
- (from the article "merganser") ...size; the male lacks a noticeable crest. It usually nests in hollow trees in north temperate to subarctic regions and migrates to more southerly rivers. The somewhat smaller and ground-nesting ...
- red-breasted nuthatch
- (from the article "nuthatch") Nuthatches live around the world, except in South America. The best-known species in North America are the red-breasted nuthatch (Sitta canadensis), a stubby, grayish, rufous-breasted, 10-gram (0.35-ounce) bird that often ...
- red-breasted toucan
- (from the article "toucan") ...name is derived from tucano, a native Brazilian term for the bird. The largest toucans, up to 60 cm (24 inches) long, are Ramphastos species. An example common in zoos ...
- red-breasted wryneck
- (from the article "wryneck") ...with their long tongues, and they nest in old woodpecker holes. The Eurasian wryneck (Jynx torquilla), 16 cm (6.25 inches) long, breeds from England to Japan and winters in the ...
- red-capped mangabey
- (from the article "mangabey") ...fur; they have light-coloured eyelids, often bright white. They spend much of their time on the ground and usually carry their long, tapering tails forward over their backs. The white-collared ...
- red-cheeked cordon bleu
- (from the article "cordon bleu") ...Estrildidae (order Passeriformes). The birds, including some popular cage birds, are native to Africa, where they frequent villages and farms. A widespread species is the 13-centimetre (5-inch) red-cheeked cordon bleu ...
- red-cheeked gibbon
- (from the article "gibbon") ...Vietnam and Laos; the northern concolor (H. leucogenys) and southern concolor (H. siki) gibbons are found farther south, and the red-cheeked gibbon (H. gabriellae) ...
- red-crested cardinal
- (from the article "cardinal") Other cardinals belong to the genus Paroaria. The red-crested cardinal (P. coronata), also known as the Brazilian cardinal, has a red head, a white belly, and gray ...
- red-crested pochard
- (from the article "pochard") The common, or European, pochard (Aythya ferina) breeds along northern reedy lakes; some winter in Egypt, India, and southern China. The drake of the red-crested pochard (Netta rufina) has a ...
- red-eyed vireo
- (from the article "vireo") The best-known and most widely distributed species of vireo is the red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus), which breeds from southern Canada to Argentina. It is 15 cm (6 inches) long, with ...
- red-figure pottery
- type of Greek pottery that flourished from the late 6th to the late 4th century BC. During this period most of the more important vases were painted in this style ... [5 Related Articles]
- red-footed booby
- (from the article "booby") any of six or seven species of large tropical seabirds constituting the family Sulidae (order Pelecaniformes). They vary in length from about 65 to 85 centimetres (25-35 inches). The red-footed ...
- red-fronted gazelle
- (from the article "gazelle") The red-fronted gazelle (G. rufifrons) is found from Senegal in the west to The Sudan in the east. It is reddish brown and has sides marked by a narrow black ...
- Red-Green alliance
- (from the article "Norway") ...Programme again ranked Norway as having the world's highest standard of living, Prime Minister Kjell Magne Bondevik's centre-right coalition lost the general election on September 12. The so-called Red-Green alliance, ...
- red-headed woodpecker
- (from the article "woodpecker") ...inches) long and is found from the deciduous woodlands of western North America south to Colombia. It depends on acorns for winter food, storing a supply in holes it drills ...
- red-lead putty
- (from the article "putty") The name putty is also applied to substances resembling putty, such as iron putty, a mixture of ferric oxide and linseed oil; and red-lead putty, a mixture of red and ...
- red-legged douc
- (from the article "douc") The red-legged douc (P. nemaeus) lives from 14° to 20° N latitude. The legs are maroon below the knees, and the forearms are white. The black-shanked douc ...
- red-legged ham beetle
- (from the article "checkered beetle") Some checkered beetles feed on maggots (fly larvae) in carcasses; others live in honeybee nests. The red-legged ham beetle (Necrobia rufipes) feeds on stored meats. Some Trichodes and Hydnocera species ...
- red-legged kittiwake
- (from the article "kittiwake") ...the North and South Atlantic coasts. Kittiwakes have evolved a number of behavioral and structural modifications for nesting on narrow cliff ledges. A close relative, with red bill and feet, ...
- red-legged seriema
- (from the article "seriema") ...American bird of grasslands, constituting the family Cariamidae (order Gruiformes). There are two species, both restricted to southern-central South America. The red-legged, or crested, seriema (Cariama cristata), with long legs ...
- red-necked gazelle
- (from the article "gazelle") ...with a white rump, underparts, and head in the western races, such as the critically endangered mhorr gazelle (G. dama mhorr), to white with reddish brown neck and shoulders in ...
- red-necked wallaby
- (from the article "wallaby") ...are built like the big kangaroos but differ somewhat in dentition. Their head and body length is 45 to 105 cm (18 to 41 inches), and the tail is 33 ...
- red-out
- (from the article "acceleration stress") ...and there is a gritty feeling under the eyelids because of swelling in the small blood vessels. There may be temporary loss of vision or all objects may appear red; ...
- red-shafted flicker
- (from the article "flicker") ...auratus) of eastern North America, which has more than 100 local names. This golden-winged form, which measures about 33 cm (13 inches) in length, is replaced in the West (to ...
- red-shouldered hawk
- (from the article "hawk") ...This beneficial hunter preys mainly on rodents, but it also catches other small mammals as well as various birds, reptiles (including rattlesnakes and copperheads), amphibians, and even insects. The red-shouldered ...
- red-tailed black shark
- (from the article "red-tailed black shark") fish of the carp family, Cyprinidae; a species of labeo (q.v.).ILLUSTRATIONRed-tailed black "shark" (Labeo bicolor)Painting by Karen Allanred-tailed hawk
- (from the article "hawk") The buteos, also called buzzard hawks, are broad-winged, wide-tailed, soaring raptors found in the New World, Eurasia, and Africa. The red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), the most common North American species, ...
- red-tailed squirrel
- (from the article "squirrel") ...low in the understory or on the ground. The African palm squirrels (genus Epixerus) are long-legged runners that forage only on the ground. Certain species, such as ...
- red-tailed tachinid
- (from the article "tachinid fly") ...and Centeter cinerea was transplanted to the United States to check the destructive Japanese beetle. The caterpillars of the armyworm may be up to 90 percent infested by larvae of ...
- red-tailed tropic bird
- (from the article "tropic bird") Largest of the three species is the red-tailed tropic bird, Phaethon rubricauda (to 50 centimetres [20 inches], excepting the red streamers), of the Indian and Pacific oceans.
- red-tailed vanga-shrike
- (from the article "vanga-shrike") ...(sexes similar). They make cup nests in trees or brush. The hook-billed vanga-shrike (Vanga curvirostris) is a big-billed form that catches tree frogs and lizards. The smallest species is the ...
- red-throated loon
- (from the article "loon") ...makes walking awkward. Loons have thick plumage that is mainly black or gray above and white below. During the breeding season the dorsal plumage is patterned with white markings, except ...
- red-to-yellow soil
- (from the article "India") These soils are encountered over extensive nonalluvial tracts of peninsular India and are made up of such acidic rocks as granite, gneiss, and schist. They develop in areas in which ...
- red-wattled lapwing
- (from the article "lapwing") ...species of lapwings in South America, Africa, southern Asia, Malaya, and Australia. The crowned lapwing (Stephanibyx coronatus), of Africa, has a black cap with a white ring around it. The ...
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