ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0-9
Remscheid ... Replacements, the
Remscheid
city, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), northwestern Germany. It lies along the Wupper River, south of Wuppertal, in the heart of the Bergisches Land, a hilly, wooded district ...
Remsen, Ira
American chemist and university president, codiscoverer of saccharin.
Renaissance
literally "rebirth," the period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, conventionally held to have been characterized by a surge of interest in classical learning and values. The Renaissance ...
Renaissance man
an ideal that developed in Renaissance Italy from the notion expressed by one of its most accomplished representatives, Leon Battista Alberti (1404-72), that "a man can do all things if ...
renal artery
one of the pair of large blood vessels that branch off from the abdominal aorta (the abdominal portion of the major artery leading from the heart) and enter into each ...
renal capsule
thin membranous sheath that covers the outer surface of each kidney. The capsule is composed of tough fibres, chiefly collagen and elastin (fibrous proteins), that help to support the kidney ...
renal carcinoma
malignant tumour affecting the epithelial (covering and lining) cells of the kidney.
renal cell carcinoma
a disease arising from malignant epithelial cells in the kidneys. Renal cell carcinoma is responsible for about 85 percent of kidney cancers in adults.
renal collecting tubule
any of the long narrow tubes in the kidney that concentrate and transport urine from the nephrons, the chief functioning units of the kidneys, to larger ducts that connect with ...
renal corpuscle
filtration unit of vertebrate nephrons, functional units of the kidney. It consists of a knot of capillaries (glomerulus) surrounded by a double-walled capsule (Bowman's capsule) that opens into a tubule. ...
renal cyst
cyst in the kidney. A cyst is an enclosed sac or pouch that usually contains liquid or semisolid material. Several different types of cysts develop in the kidneys. Solitary cysts ...
renal osteodystrophy
chronic, probably hereditary disorder characterized by kidney dysfunction, bone-mineral loss and rickets-type deformities, calcifications in abnormal places, and overactivity of the parathyroid glands. Loss of calcium and retention of phosphorus ...
renal pelvis
enlarged upper end of the ureter, the tube through which urine flows from the kidney to the urinary bladder. The pelvis, which is shaped somewhat like a funnel that is ...
renal pyramid
any of the triangular sections of tissue that constitute the medulla, or inner substance, of the kidney. The pyramids consist mainly of tubules that transport urine from the cortical, or ...
renal system
in humans, organ system that includes the kidneys, where urine is produced, and the ureters, bladder, and urethra for the passage, storage, and voiding of urine.
renal system disease
any of the diseases or disorders that affect the human excretory system. They include benign and malignant tumours, infections and inflammations, and obstruction by calculi.
Renamo
guerrilla organization that sought to overthrow the government of Mozambique beginning in the late 1970s.
Renan, Ernest
French philosopher, historian, and scholar of religion, a leader of the school of critical philosophy in France.
Renard, Charles
French military engineer, chief builder of the first true dirigible; i.e., an airship that could be steered in any direction irrespective of wind and could return under its own power ...
Renard, Jules
French writer best known for Poil de carotte (1894; Carrots, 1946), a bitterly ironical account of his own childhood, in which a grim humour conceals acute sensibility. All his life, ...
Renart, Jean
French poet, author of romances of adventure, whose work rejected the fey atmosphere and serious morality that had distinguished the poetry of his predecessor Chretien de Troyes in favour of ...
Renaud De Montauban
hero of an Old French chanson de geste of the same name (also known as Les Quatre Fils Aymon ["The Four Sons of Aymon"]), whose story may contain elements of ...
Renaudot, Theophraste
physician and social-service administrator who, as the founder of France's first newspaper, is considered the father of French journalism.
Renault
major French automobile and motor carrier manufacturer. Controlled by the French government, it is the country's largest manufacturer and exporter of motor vehicles. Headquarters are in Boulogne-Billancourt.
Renault, Louis
manufacturer who built the largest automobile company in France.
Renault, Louis
French jurist and educator, cowinner in 1907 (with Ernesto Teodoro Moneta) of the Nobel Prize for Peace.
Renault, Mary
British-born South African novelist, best known for her scholarship and her skill in re-creating classical history and legend.
Rendell, Ruth
British writer of mystery novels, psychological crime novels, and short stories.
Rendsburg
town, Schleswig-Holstein Land (state), northern Germany. It lies on the Eider River and the Kiel Canal (there bridged), west of Kiel. An old fortress town on the ...
Rendsburg faience
German tin-glazed earthenware produced between 1764 and 1772 in the town of Rendsburg at a factory founded by Caspar Lorenzen and Christian Friedrich Clar. The few surviving examples of this ...
Rene I
duke of Bar (from 1434), duke of Anjou (from 1430), and count of Provence and of Piedmont. He was also titular king of Naples from 1435 to 1442 and duke ...
Renee of France
duchess of Ferrara (from 1534), an important figure in the history of the Protestant Reformation both in Italy and in France.
Renfrew
royal burgh (town), Renfrewshire council area and historic county, southwestern Scotland, located in the northwest portion of the Glasgow metropolitan area near the right bank of the River Clyde. In ...
Renfrewshire
council area and historic county, west-central Scotland, stretching along the south bank of the River Clyde in the north and along the shore of the Firth of Clyde in the ...
renga
genre of Japanese linked-verse poetry in which two or more poets supplied alternating sections of a poem. The renga form began as the composition of a single ...
Rengao language
language of the North Bahnaric subbranch of Bahnaric, a branch of the Mon-Khmer family (itself a part of the Austroasiatic languages. Rengao is spoken by some 15,000 individuals in south-central ...
Renger-Patzsch, Albert
German photographer whose cool, detached images formed the photographic component of the Neue Sachlichkeit ("New Objectivity") movement.
Rengo
(Japanese: "Japanese Trade Union Confederation"), the largest national labour confederation in Japan. Founded in 1989, it absorbed its predecessors-Sohyo, Domei, Churitsu Roren, and others-and brought together both private- and public-sector ...
Reni, Guido
early Italian Baroque painter noted for the classical idealism of his renderings of mythological and religious subjects.
renin
enzyme secreted by the kidney (and also, possibly, by the placenta) that breaks down protein and produces a rise in blood pressure. In the blood, renin acts on a fraction ...
Renkum
gemeente (commune), Gelderland provincie, central Netherlands. Renkum is situated on the Lower Rhine (Neder Rijn) River, immediately west of Arnhem, and comprises the communities of Oosterbeek (the local government centre), ...
Renmark
town, on the Murray River, southeastern South Australia, 130 miles (209 km) northeast of Adelaide. The site was first settled in 1887 by George and William Chaffey, Canadian-born irrigation engineers ...
Renmin Ribao
daily newspaper published in Beijing as the official organ of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. The paper was established in 1948, toward the end of China's civil ...
Renn, Ludwig
German novelist, best known for Krieg (1928; War), a novel based on his World War I battle experiences, the narrator and principal character of ...
Rennell Island
southernmost of the Solomon Islands, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, 130 miles (209 km) south of Guadalcanal. An atoll 50 miles (80 km) long and 8 miles (13 km) wide, ...
Rennell, James
the leading British geographer of his time. Rennell constructed the first nearly accurate map of India and published A Bengal Atlas (1779), a work important for British strategic and administrative ...
Renner, Karl
Social Democratic statesman, chancellor (1918-20, 1945) and president (1945-50) of Austria, who after World War I advocated the Anschluss (union) between Germany and Austria. He played a major role in ...
Rennes
city, capital of Ille-et-Vilaine departement, Bretagne region, western France. It is situated at the confluence of the Ille and Vilaine rivers. The town was almost completely destroyed by fire in ...
Rennes faience
French tin-glazed earthenware, produced in Rennes, distinguished by the use of manganese purple. Most original products have an extreme rocaille shape decorated with many naturalistic flowers. But the majority of ...
Rennie, John
Scottish civil engineer who built or improved canals, docks, harbours, and bridges throughout Britain. Three of his spans were built across the River Thames at London.
rennin
protein-digesting enzyme that curdles milk by transforming caseinogen into insoluble casein; it is found only in the fourth stomach of cud-chewing animals, such as cows. Its action extends the period ...
Rennyo
Japanese Buddhist leader and eighth patriarch of the Hongan Temple in Kyoto.
Reno
city, seat (1871) of Washoe county, western Nevada, U.S. The city lies on the Truckee River, near the California border and the Sierra Nevada foothills, amid magnificent and varied scenery. ...
Reno, Janet
American lawyer and public official who became the first woman attorney general of the United States.
Renoir, Jean
French film director, son of the Impressionist painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir. His films, in both silent and later eras, were noted for their realism and strong narrative and include such classics ...
Renoir, Pierre-Auguste
French painter originally associated with the Impressionist movement. His early works were typically Impressionist snapshots of real life, full of sparkling colour and light. By the mid-1880s, however, he had ...
renormalization
the procedure in quantum field theory by which divergent parts of a calculation, leading to nonsensical infinite results, are absorbed by redefinition into a few measurable quantities, so yielding finite ...
Renouvier, Charles-Bernard
French neocritical idealist philosopher who rejected all necessary connection between universal laws and morality. Never an academic, Renouvier wrote prolifically and with great influence. He accepted Kant's critical philosophy as ...
Renovated Church
federation of several reformist church groups that took over the central administration of the Russian Orthodox church in 1922 and for over two decades controlled many religious institutions in the ...
Renshaw, William; and Renshaw, Ernest
twin English brothers who dominated Wimbledon tennis competition in the 1880s. With their warm personalities and exciting, competitive play, the Renshaws are often credited with transforming tennis into a spectator ...
Rensselaer
city, Rensselaer county, eastern New York, U.S. It is situated along the east bank of the Hudson River, opposite Albany. Settled by the Dutch in the 17th century, it was ...
Rensselaer
county, eastern New York state, U.S., bounded by the Hudson River to the west and Vermont and Massachusetts to the east. The land rises from the low hills of the ...
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Troy, New York, U.S. It includes schools of architecture, engineering, humanities and social sciences, management and technology, and science. In addition to undergraduate ...
Rensselaeria
genus of extinct brachiopods (lamp shells) found as fossils in Lower Devonian marine rocks (387 to 408 million years old). The shell is large and elongated. Its surface markings include ...
rent
in economics, the income derived from the ownership of land and other free gifts of nature. The neoclassical economist Alfred Marshall, and others after him, chose this definition for technical ...
Renton
city, King county, western Washington, U.S., on the flats of the Cedar River at its mouth on Lake Washington, 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Seattle. Settled on the site ...
Renville Agreement
(Jan. 17, 1948), treaty between The Netherlands and the Republic of Indonesia concluded on the U.S. warship Renville, anchored in the harbour of Djakarta (now Jakarta). It was an attempt, ...
Renwick, James
last of the prominent Covenanter martyrs of Scotland.
Renwick, James
one of the most successful, prolific, and versatile American architects in the latter half of the 19th century.
reovirus
any of a group of ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses constituting the family Reoviridae, a small group of animal and plant viruses. The virions of reoviruses (the name is a shortening ...
repartimiento
in colonial Spanish America, a system by which the crown allowed certain colonists to recruit Indians for forced labour. The repartimiento system, frequently called the mita in Peru and the ...
repeating rifle
firearm designed for use with a magazine of cartridges, each of which is fed into the chamber or breech by lever or bolt action or other means. Before the invention ...
repertory theatre
system of play production in which a resident acting company keeps a repertory of plays that are always ready for performance, often presenting a different one each night of the ...
Repin, Ilya Yefimovich
Russian painter of historical subjects known for the power and drama of his works.
replacement deposit
in geology, mineral deposit formed by chemical processes that dissolve a rock and deposit a new assemblage of minerals in its place. See metasomatic replacement.
Replacements, the
American rock band that combined the intensity of punk with melodic hooks and heartfelt lyrics, in the process providing an important bridge from the punk movement of the late 1970s ...